Abstract: An apparatus includes a method for providing a Shape Memory Polymer Based Passive Thermal Diode (SMP-PTD) that includes layers and is configured to provide passive heating and cooling of a pipeline. The SMP-PTD includes a polyurethane (PU) layer configured to contact at least an upper portion along a length of a pipe. The SMP-PTD further includes a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer configured to surround the PU layer and the length of the pipe. The SMP-PTD further includes a graphene layer configured to surround an upper side of the SMP-PTD and cross layers of the SMP-PTD toward a bottom side of the SMP-PTD to establish contact with the pipe. The SMP-PTD further includes an epoxy shell configured to surround the graphene layer. The SMP-PTD further includes a shape memory polymer (SMP) ring configured to provide vertical displacement and push upward upon lateral displacement from pushing by left and right PET blocks. The SMP-PTD is installed on the pipeline.

Abstract: A process for treating sour water includes combining the sour water with an alkali or alkaline metal hydroxide to produce a sour water mixture, the sour water comprising sulfides, passing an electric current through the sour water mixture, where passing the electric current through the sour water mixture causes at least a portion of the sulfides to react to produce a treated sour water comprising sulfates and having a pH of 7.1 to 9.8, saturating the at least a portion of the sulfates in an aqueous sulfate solution, and separating at least a portion of saturated sulfates from a saturated aqueous sulfate solution.

Abstract: A system and method of treating sour water, including providing sour water having hydrosulfide ions and a carbon-containing compound to an anodic chamber of an electrolyzer vessel, converting the hydrosulfide ions into sulfate ions in the anodic chamber via an oxido half-reaction of a first oxido-reduction reaction and generating carbon dioxide in the anodic chamber via an oxido half-reaction of a second oxido-reduction reaction associated with the carbon-containing compound. The technique includes reacting the carbon dioxide with hydroxide ions in the anodic chamber to generate bicarbonate ions. The technique includes discharging an anodic chamber solution having the sulfate ions and the bicarbonate ions from the electrolyzer vessel from the anodic chamber.

Abstract: A gas oil separation plant (GOSP) and method for receiving crude oil from a wellhead and removing gas, water, and salt from the crude oil, and discharging export crude oil. The GOSP includes online analyzer instruments for performing online analysis of salt concentration in multiple streams in the GOSP. Based in part on the online analysis, the salt content in the export crude oil may be determined and the flowrate for wash water supplied to the desalter vessel may be specified.

Abstract: A system and method of treating sour water, including providing sour water having hydrosulfide ions and a carbon-containing compound to an anodic chamber of an electrolyzer vessel, converting the hydrosulfide ions into sulfate ions in the anodic chamber via an oxido half-reaction of a first oxido-reduction reaction and generating carbon dioxide in the anodic chamber via an oxido half-reaction of a second oxido-reduction reaction associated with the carbon-containing compound. The technique includes reacting the carbon dioxide with hydroxide ions in the anodic chamber to generate bicarbonate ions. The technique includes discharging an anodic chamber solution having the sulfate ions and the bicarbonate ions from the electrolyzer vessel from the anodic chamber.

Abstract: Low-profile latching mechanisms and related mechanical interfaces for allowing straps and other fastening accessories for limb-wearable devices are provided. The mechanisms in question allow for a very strong, yet easily releasable, connection to be made between a strap accessory and a device housing, with very little of the mechanism being visible.

Abstract: Separators for separating a multi-phase composition include a separator casing defining a chamber and a permeate outlet, at least one hydrocyclone within the separator casing, and at least one ceramic membrane. Each hydrocyclone includes a hydrocyclone inlet, a tapered section downstream of the hydrocyclone inlet, an accepted outlet, and a reject outlet. The ceramic membrane may be disposed within the separator casing and downstream of the accepted outlet of the hydrocyclone or may be disposed within at least a portion of the tapered section of the hydrocyclone. The ceramic membrane includes a retentate side and a permeate side, where the permeate side is in fluid communication with the chamber. Systems and methods for separating a multi-phase composition into a lesser-density fluid, a greater-density fluid, and a medium-density fluid using the separators are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for a passive thermal diode (PTD) to be disposed on a pipeline that inhibits heat transfer from the pipeline to the environment below a threshold temperature and promotes heat transfer from the environment to the pipeline above a threshold temperature.

Abstract: A process for treating sour water includes combining the sour water with an alkali or alkaline metal hydroxide to produce a sour water mixture, the sour water comprising sulfides, passing an electric current through the sour water mixture, where passing the electric current through the sour water mixture causes at least a portion of the sulfides to react to produce a treated sour water comprising sulfates and having a pH of 7.1 to 9.8, saturating the at least a portion of the sulfates in an aqueous sulfate solution, and separating at least a portion of saturated sulfates from a saturated aqueous sulfate solution.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes controlling water separation in a hydrocarbon stream flowing through a separator train including one or more separator vessels located upstream of a dehydrator by manipulating a demulsifier flowrate added to the separator train by: receiving data from a real-time process test of the separation train, estimating model fit parameters to the data to generate a water separation profile (WSP) correlating water draw-off and demulsifier flowrate for the separation train, determining a maximum and a minimum demulsifier flowrate from the WSP, receiving, from an operator, a separation performance for a target water separation value entering the dehydrator downstream from the separator train, and adjusting the demulsifier flowrate according to the WSP to achieve the target water separation entering the dehydrator.

Abstract: Low-profile latching mechanisms and related mechanical interfaces for allowing straps and other fastening accessories for limb-wearable devices are provided. The mechanisms in question allow for a very strong, yet easily releasable, connection to be made between a strap accessory and a device housing, with very little of the mechanism being visible.

Abstract: A system and method for a passive thermal diode (PTD) to be disposed on a pipeline that inhibits heat transfer from the pipeline to the environment below a threshold temperature and promotes heat transfer from the environment to the pipeline above a threshold temperature.

Abstract: Processes for producing olefins may include electrolyzing an aqueous solution comprising metal chloride, where electrolyzing the aqueous solution causes at least a portion of the metal chloride to undergo chemical reaction to produce a treatment composition comprising hypochlorite. The processes may further include contacting at least a portion of the treatment composition with the sour water at a pH from 8 to 12, where the sour water comprises sulfides and the contacting causes reaction of the sulfides in the sour water with the hypochlorite to produce a treated aqueous mixture comprising at least metal sulfates and metal chlorides, where the metal sulfates are present in the treated aqueous mixture as precipitated solids. The processes may further include separating the precipitated solids from the treated aqueous mixture to produce a treated effluent comprising at least the metal chloride.

Abstract: Separators for separating a multi-phase composition include a separator casing defining a chamber and a permeate outlet, at least one hydrocyclone within the separator casing, and at least one ceramic membrane. Each hydrocyclone includes a hydrocyclone inlet, a tapered section downstream of the hydrocyclone inlet, an accepted outlet, and a reject outlet. The ceramic membrane may be disposed within the separator casing and downstream of the accepted outlet of the hydrocyclone or may be disposed within at least a portion of the tapered section of the hydrocyclone. The ceramic membrane includes a retentate side and a permeate side, where the permeate side is in fluid communication with the chamber. Systems and methods for separating a multi-phase composition into a lesser-density fluid, a greater-density fluid, and a medium-density fluid using the separators are also disclosed.

Abstract: Separators for separating a multi-phase composition include a separator casing defining a chamber and a permeate outlet, at least one hydrocyclone within the separator casing, and at least one ceramic membrane. Each hydrocyclone includes a hydrocyclone inlet, a tapered section downstream of the hydrocyclone inlet, an accepted outlet, and a reject outlet. The ceramic membrane may be disposed within the separator casing and downstream of the accepted outlet of the hydrocyclone or may be disposed within at least a portion of the tapered section of the hydrocyclone. The ceramic membrane includes a retentate side and a permeate side, where the permeate side is in fluid communication with the chamber. Systems and methods for separating a multi-phase composition into a lesser-density fluid, a greater-density fluid, and a medium-density fluid using the separators are also disclosed.