Abstract: Novel unsaturated compounds comprising the 3-(N-vinylformamido)propionates and 2-methyl-3-(N-vinylformamido)propionates are obtained by the Michael addition reaction of N-vinylformamide with an acrylic or methacrylic acid ester. These compounds are useful as monomers in free radical polymerizations, particularly as components of photocurable coatings.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved crosslinking systems for polymeric dispersions and solutions having suitability for coatings, adhesives and use in many other applications. These systems are based upon crosslinkable polymers having a plurality of activated keto methylene groups, e.g., a beta diketone such as an acetoacetate or a keto cyano methylene functional groups and a crosslinkable component comprising an aldimine. A sufficient amount of the aldimine curing agent is used to effect reaction with the polymer containing the activated keto methylene groups and cure thereof. The improvement in the crosslinking system resides in the utilization of a monoaldimine having only one aldimine group and no other methylene reactive group as a crosslinking agent. Another improvement variation to that previously suggested comprises a redispersible polymer(s) containing activated methylene functionality and combined with the monoaldimine and the use of heterocyclic aldimine.

Abstract: The wet strength of cellulosic paper is improved by adding the combination of an amine-functional poly(vinyl alcohol) and a cellulose reactive size which is a 4 or 5 membered cyclic ester or anhydride having alkyl or alkenyl substituents of 4 or more carbon atoms. The amine-functional polymer is preferably a hydrolyzed copolymer of vinyl acetate and N-vinylformamide in which about 1-25 mole % of the monomer units are incorporated N-vinylformamide, and the cellulose reactive size is preferably an alkyl ketene dimer or an alkenyl succinic anhydride. A paper product is provided having improved wet-strength and containing normally 0.05 to 4.0 wt % based on the dry pulp of the additive amine-functional polymer and cellulose reactive size. The particular compounds which represent the polymer and the size cooperate to provide improvements in wet-tensile strength for paper which could not have been foreseen from the effects of either material acting alone.

Abstract: Graft copolymers of .epsilon.-caprolactam are made by a process in which .epsilon.-caprolactam is polymerized in the presence of a copolymer of an aliphatic acrylate and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as n-butylacrylate and acrylic acid. Such grafted polymers which have nylon-6 side chains grafted onto the acrylate polymer backbone are useful as hot melt adhesives. In the process for preparing these polymers, the backbone polymer is formed initially by solution polymerization at a moderate temperature and the .epsilon.-caprolactam is then added and the temperature increased in the presence of an acidic catalyst. .epsilon.-Caprolactam can be used as the solvent in the polymerization of the backbone polymer.

Abstract: Poly(vinylamine) homopolymers and copolymers are hydrophobically modified by reaction of amine units present in the polymer with a saturated aliphatic or aromatic glycidyl ether compound. The resulting polymers are useful as flocculants in separating water from suspended solids and are especially effective in improving fines retention in papermaking. Poly(vinylamine hydrochloride) modified in this manner with butyl glycidyl ether is shown to be very efficient in retaining the paper product fines present in recycle paper pulps.

Abstract: Vinyl acetate and an N-vinyl formamide are copolymerized to yield poly(vinyl acetate)-co-poly(N-vinyl formamide) which is base hydrolyzed to poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(N-vinyl formamide). Two phase hydrolysis of particles of poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(N-vinyl formamide) as a slurry in methanol yields particles of poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(vinylamine).provided is a copolymer of the following general formula ##STR1## where m is 0 to 15 mole %. n is 50 to 99 mole %.x is 0 to 30 mole %. andy is 1 to 50 mole % .

Abstract: Vinylamide oligomers and lower molecular weight polymers are prepared by the cationic polymerization of vinylamides in the presence of a Lewis acid at a temperature between -100.degree. and 100.degree. C. The resultant vinylamide oligomers and polymers can optionally be hydrolyzed under acidic or basic conditions to form the corresponding vinylamine oligomers and polymers.

Abstract: Fluid coating materials such as paints, ink pastes, personal care creams and the like having a water-base are thickened with an associative thickener which is a vinylamine polymer having a weight average molecular weight above 10.sup.5 and which has been modified by reaction with at least 0.2 mer percent of a linear monoaldehyde having 8 to 30 carbon atoms. A hydrolyzed polymer of N-vinylformamide which has been hydrophobically modified with an aldehyde such as dodecaldehyde, exhibits associative thickening characteristics and is useful in thickening water-based formulations.

Abstract: Vinyl acetate and an N-vinyl formamide are copolymerized to yield poly(vinyl acetate)-co-poly(N-vinyl formamide) which is base hydrolyzed to poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(N-vinyl formamide). Two phase hydrolysis of particles of poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(N-vinyl formamide) as a slurry in methanol yields particles of poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(vinylamine).Provided is a copolymer of the following general formula ##STR1## where m is 0 to 15 mole %,n is 50 to 99 mole %, x is 0 to 30 mole %, and y is 1 to 50 mole %.

Abstract: Polyvinylaminals, optionally as the formed copolymer with polyvinylhemiaminals and polyvinylacetals are useful as separating agents and are provided by reacting a poly(vinylamine) or a copolymer containing vinyl alcohol and vinylamine units with a monoaldehyde. The aldehyde, such as butyraldehyde, can be introduced into the polymer aminalization as a liquid or gas, generally in a proportion of about 0.02 to 0.5 mol per mol of alcohol and amine units in the polymer chain. These polymers, especially as the cationic salt, perform very well in the flocculation, settling, clarification and dewatering of wastewater.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the formation of N-(l-alkoxyalkyl)amides with coproduction of alkylidene bisamides. The N-(l-alkoxyalkyl)formamides of this invention are prepared by reacting formamide with an acetal or hemiacetal carboxylate ester represented by the formulas below in the presence of a solid acid ion exchange resin wherein the acid groups have been neutralized with an amine compound having a pKa (as the protonated amine in water) from about 4 to 9. The hemiacetal ester is represented by formula I and the acetal is represented by formula II. ##STR1## In the above formulas, R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, aralkyl or aryl; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, or aryl; and R.sub.3 is secondary or tertiary alkyl having from 3-8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A modified poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymer is provided containing copolymerized units of allylamine and/or diallylamine by copolymerizing a vinyl ester, such as vinyl acetate, and an N-allylamide and/or N,N-diallylamide, such as N-allylformamide and/or N,N-diallylformamide and hydrolyzing first the ester groups to hydroxy groups and then the amide groups to amine groups. The second hydrolysis is carried out on solvent-swollen particulate polymer slurried in an acidic or basic medium. The modified polymer can contain small amounts of unhydrolyzed ester and amide groups in addition to the hydroxy and amine functionality which characterizes the copolymer.

Abstract: Secondary formamides having the structural formula:R.sup.1 CHR.sup.2 CH(OR.sup.3)NHCHOwhereinR.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or aryl;R.sup.2 is H, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl; andR.sup.3 is benzyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl;are synthesized by reacting an acetal having the structural formula: R.sup.1 CHR.sup.2 CH(OR.sup.3).sub.2 wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined above, with formamide in the presence of a strong acid catalyst at a temperature in the range of 0.degree.-200.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the formation of N-(1-alkoxyalkyl)amides with coproduction of alkylidene bisamides. The N-(1-alkoxyalkyl)formamides of this invention are prepared by reacting formamide with an acetal or hemiacetal carboxylate ester represented by the formulas: ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, aralkyl or aryl; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, or aryl; and R.sub.3 is secondary or tertiary alkyl having from 3-8 carbon atoms.The reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst such as a strong acid ion exchange resin.

Abstract: The production of oil or gas from a subterranean formation is enhanced by injecting into the formation, such as in acidized fracturing, an aqueous fluid containing as a viscosifier a crosslinked vinylamine polymer. Acidizing fluids are provided containing HCl and a viscosifying amount of a gel of the crosslinked polymer, preferably poly(vinylamine) crosslinked with a diisocyanate, a polyepoxide or epichlorohydrin.

Abstract: Polyvinylaminals, optionally as the formed copolymer with polyvinylhemiaminals, and polyvinylacetals are useful as flocculants and epoxy resin and polyurethane crosslinking agents and are provided by reacting a poly(vinylamine) or a copolymer containing vinyl alcohol and vinylamine units with a monoaldehyde. The aldehyde, such as butyraldehyde, can be introduced in the polymer acetalization as a liquid or gas, generally in a proportion of about 0.02 to 0.5 mol per mol of alcohol and amine units in the polymer chain.

Abstract: The production of oil or gas from a subterranean formation is enhanced by injecting into the formation, such as in acidized fracturing, an aqueous fluid containing as a viscosifier a crosslinked vinylamine polymer. Acidizing fluids are provided containing HCl and a viscosifying amount of a gel of the crosslinked polymer, preferably poly(vinylamine) crosslinked with a diisocyanate, a polyepoxide or epichlorohydrin.

Abstract: Ethylidene bisformamide is produced in high selectivity by the reaction of formamide with vinyl acetate in a molar ratio of at least 1:1 at a temperature from about 60.degree. to 150.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst comprising an acid salt of mercury of which the parent acid has a pKa less than about 3.8.

Abstract: A process is provided for making an N-substituted acrylamide dialkyl acetal, such as acrylamidobutyraldehyde dimethylacetal (ABDA), by blocking the double bond in an acrylic acid ester with a nucleophile, such as methanol, removing excess nucleophile from the blocked ester, aminating the blocked ester with an amino dialkyl acetal in the presence of an aminolysis catalyst but in the absence of any protic solvent, and deblocking the double bond in the product by pyrolysis.

Abstract: Poly(N-vinylformamide) is thermolytically reacted to yield poly(N-vinylamine).