Abstract: Poly(N-vinylformamide) is thermolytically reacted to yield poly(N-vinylamine).

Abstract: The recovery of oil or gas from underground porous formations bearing such hydrocarbons is enhanced by using an injection fluid containing a viscosifying amount of a poly(vinylamine) formed in-situ by hydrolysis of a high molecular weight poly(N-vinylamide). The hydrolysis conditions are strongly acidic or highly alkaline and include the elevated temperature of the formation.The poly(N-vinylamide), such as poly(N-vinylformamide), can be made by inverse emulsion polymerization and the high solids emulsion mixed directly with the acidic or basic solutions to form the injection fluid.The process is applicable to enhanced oil recovery using fluids for water-flooding, well completion or workover, and acidifying or fracturing.

Abstract: An amine functional copolymer of vinyl alcohol is provided by copolymerizing a vinylester with a morpholinoalkylvinylether or a morpholinoalkylallylether and then hydrolyzing the ester groups in the copolymer to hydroxy groups. The preferred copolymer is formed from vinyl acetate and morpholinoethylvinylether and 1 to 30 mol percent of the polymerized ethylene linkages in the polymer backbone contain pendant morpholinoethylether groups.

Abstract: Aqueous, clay-based drilling mud compositions are improved with respect to waterloss control by the addition of a hydrolyzed copolymer of acrylamide and an N-vinylamide. The copolymer, which is effective over a broad range of molecular weights, contains at least 5 mol percent of the N-vinylamide monomer moiety of which at least 5 mol percent is hydrolyzed to vinylamine units. Well drilling is improved by circulating through the bore hole a drilling mud containing this waterloss control additive.

Abstract: Ethylidene bis-formamide, a precursor for the monomer N-vinylformamide, is made in high yield by heating together formamide and acetaldehyde in a mol ratio of at least 3:1 and in a reaction mixture which is at least 20 weight percent formic acid. In a preferred procedure the acetaldehyde is added after the formamide has been preheated and formic acid is present. Yields of ethylidene bis-formamide of over 50%, based on the acetaldehyde, are obtained in relatively short reaction times, before loss of substantial amounts of recoverable formamide through hydrolysis.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.3 -C.sub.24 olefinically unsaturated organic radical having functionality which renders the nitrogen atom electron deficient, the olefinic unsaturation functionality being polymerizable,R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radical, orR and R.sup.1 together with the nitrogen atom can form an olefinically unsaturated 5 to 7-member ring which has functionality that renders the nitrogen atom electron deficient and the olefinic unsaturation functionality is polymerizable,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or acyl radical, orR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together are a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene group,R.sup.4 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, acyl, ester, amide or acid group, andn is an integer from 1 to 10, provided n is not 1 when R is (meth)acryloyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are methyl and R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.3 -C.sub.24 olefinically unsaturated organic radical having functionality which renders the nitrogen atom electron deficient, the olefinic unsaturation functionality being polymerizable,R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radical, orR and R.sup.1 together with the nitrogen atom can form an olefinically unsaturated 5 to 7-member ring which has functionality that renders the nitrogen atom electron deficient and the olefinic unsaturation functionality is polymerizable,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or acyl radical, orR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together are a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene group,R.sup.4 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, acyl, ester, amide or acid group, andn is an integer from 1 to 10, provided n is not 1 when R is (meth)acryloyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are methyl and R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen.Under acidic conditions the above compounds having R.sup.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.3 -C.sub.24 olefinically unsaturated organic radical having functionality which renders the nitrogen atom electron deficient, the olefinic unsaturation functionality being polymerizable,R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radical, orR and R.sup.1 together with the nitrogen atom can form an olefinically unsaturated 5 to 7-member ring which has functionality that renders the nitrogen atom electron deficient and the olefinic unsaturation functionality is polymerizable,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or acyl radical, orR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together are a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene group,R.sup.4 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, acyl, ester, amide or acid group, andn is an integer from 1 to 10, provided n is not 1 when R is (meth)acryloyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are methyl and R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen.Under acidic conditions the above compounds having R.sup.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.3 -C.sub.24 olefinically unsaturated organic radical having functionality which renders the nitrogen atom electron deficient, the olefinic unsaturation functionality being polymerizable,R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radical, orR and R.sup.1 together with the nitrogen atom can form an olefinically unsaturated 5 to 7-member ring which has functionality that renders the nitrogen atom electron deficient and the olefinic unsaturation functionality is polymerizable,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or acyl radical, orR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together are a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene group,R.sup.4 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, acyl, ester, amide or acid group, andn is an integer from 1 to 10, provided n is not 1 when R is (meth)acryloyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are methyl and R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen.Under acidic conditions the above compounds in which R.sup.

Abstract: A binder composition for nonwoven fabrics which comprises(a) a fugitive base salt of a phosphate ester surfactant or a carboxylate surfactant,(b) a latex comprising a vinyl acetate-ethylene-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid interpolymer colloidally suspended in water, the interpolymer containing about 0.5 to 7.0 weight percent olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid and sufficient ethylene to provide the interpolymer with a glass transition temperature of from about -30.degree. to +20.degree. C., and(c) a polyvalent metal complex compound comprising a polyvalent metal ion and counter ions or ligands which hinder interaction of the polyvalent metal ion with the carboxylate and phosphate groups of the surfactant and interpolymer at room temperature, but at elevated temperature permit such interaction because the counter ions or ligands are expelled or are replaced by the anionic group of the surfactant and interpolymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in a process for producing a latex containing dispersed polymer. The improvement in the process for polymerizing a reaction mixture of vinyl monomer, stabilizer, oxidizing agent and reducing agent comprises using a water-soluble ketone bisulfite as the reducing agent, either alone or with other reducing agents, the ketone having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the structure. During the polymerization, the ketone bisulfite is maintained in stoichiometric excess of the oxidizing agent. Vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers are some of the preferred polymer systems produced.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aromatic isocyanates from nitroalkanes. A nitromethyl aromatic compound of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sub.1 represent hydrogen, halogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl radical, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy radical, nitro, isocyanato, an alkoxycarbonylamino, or nitromethyl radical, with R and R.sub.1 being the same or different, is heated in the presence of an effective amount of a Lewis acid or Bronsted acid substance to effect a dehydrogenation-isomerization reaction to yield an aromatic isocyanate of the general formula: ##STR2## The product of the reaction may be recovered as the aromatic isocyanate or the alcohol adduct, a carbamate.

Abstract: Polymeric adsorbents exhibiting improved adsorption are produced from lightly crosslinked vinylbenzyl chloride copolymer beads by post-crosslinking the copolymer beads while in a swollen state by contact with a Lewis acid catalyst such as a Friedel-Crafts catalyst or an acidic sulfonating agent. The adsorbents post-crosslinked with a Friedel-Crafts catalyst may be functionalized to ion exchange resins. Those adsorbents post-crosslinked with a sulfonating agent already are strong acid ion exchange resins.