Abstract: A directional radiation detection system and an omnidirectional radiation detector. The omnidirectional radiation detector detects radiation comprising at least one of: (i) gamma rays; and (ii) neutron particles. A radiation scatter mask (RSM) of the radiation detection system includes a rotating sleeve received over the omnidirectional radiation detector and rotating about a longitudinal axis. The RSM further includes: (i) a fin extending longitudinally from one side of the rotating sleeve; and (ii) a wall extending from the rotating sleeve and spaced apart from the fin having an upper end distally positioned on the rotating sleeve spaced apart or next to from a first lateral side of the fin and a lower end proximally positioned on the rotating sleeve and spaced apart from or next to a second lateral side of the fin.

Abstract: A radiation imaging system images a distributed source of radiation from an unknown direction by rotating a scatter mask around a central axis. The scatter mask has a pixelated outer surface of tangentially oriented, flat geometric surfaces that are spherically varying in radial dimension that corresponds to a discrete amount of attenuation. Rotation position of the scatter mask is tracked as a function of time. Radiation counts from gamma and/or neutron radiation are received from at least one radiation detector that is positioned at or near the central axis. A rotation-angle dependent detector response curve (DRC) is generated based on the received radiation counts. A reconstruction algorithm for distributed radiation source(s) and/or localized source(s) are applied based on the tracked rotation position and prior characterization of the detector response for a given scatter mask. A two-dimensional image with relative orientation and source distribution is generated from the measured DRC.

Abstract: A radiation imaging system images a distributed source of radiation from an unknown direction by rotating a scatter mask around a central axis. The scatter mask has a pixelated outer surface of tangentially oriented, flat geometric surfaces that are spherically varying in radial dimension that corresponds to a discrete amount of attenuation. Rotation position of the scatter mask is tracked as a function of time. Radiation counts from gamma and/or neutron radiation are received from at least one radiation detector that is positioned at or near the central axis. A rotation-angle dependent detector response curve (DRC) is generated based on the received radiation counts. A reconstruction algorithm for distributed radiation source(s) and/or localized source(s) are applied based on the tracked rotation position and prior characterization of the detector response for a given scatter mask. A two-dimensional image with relative orientation and source distribution is generated from the measured DRC.

Abstract: A directional radiation detection system and an omnidirectional radiation detector. The omnidirectional radiation detector detects radiation comprising at least one of: (i) gamma rays; and (ii) neutron particles. A radiation scatter mask (RSM) of the radiation detection system includes a rotating sleeve received over the omnidirectional radiation detector and rotating about a longitudinal axis. The RSM further includes: (i) a fin extending longitudinally from one side of the rotating sleeve; and (ii) a wall extending from the rotating sleeve and spaced apart from the fin having an upper end distally positioned on the rotating sleeve spaced apart or next to from a first lateral side of the fin and a lower end proximally positioned on the rotating sleeve and spaced apart from or next to a second lateral side of the fin.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a demodulation reference signal for use by user equipment configured with multiple antennas based on a rank of an antenna or an antenna port are disclosed. A rank for a user equipment device is determined indicating the number of spatial layers or antenna ports in use, and the value of the rank is used to generate a cyclic shift offset and a cyclic shift, that can then be used to generate a demodulation reference signal to be used in timeslots within each spatial layer of an uplink transmission. Orthogonal cover codes may be used in conjunction with a determined cyclic shift to generate a demodulation reference signal.

Abstract: A combined open loop and closed loop (channel quality indicator (CQI)-based) transmit power control (TPC) scheme with interference mitigation for a long term evolution (LTE) wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is disclosed. The transmit power of the WTRU is derived based on a target signal-to-interference noise ratio (SINR) and a pathloss value. The pathloss value pertains to the downlink signal from a serving evolved Node-B (eNodeB) and includes shadowing. An interference and noise value of the serving eNodeB is included in the transmit power derivation, along with an offset constant value to adjust for downlink (DL) reference signal power and actual transmit power. A weighting factor is also used based on the availability of CQI feedback.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method of statistical feedback for Multiple In-Multiple Out (MIMO) transmit beamforming comprising combining a short term channel state information and long term statistics in deriving a precoding matrix. At least one measurable parameter is observed, and a forgetting factor is determined based upon the observed parameter.

Abstract: A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme uses precoding and feedback in a wireless communication system including a transmitter and a receiver. The system may use either a single codeword (SCW) or a double codeword (DCW). The precoding scheme is based on transmit beamforming (TxBF). Combined differential and non-differential feedback with periodic resetting is considered.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for improving the performance of spatial temporal turbo channel coding (STTCC) used in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems called eigen-STTCC (E-STTCC) that employs eigen-beamforming to make use of orthogonal eigen streams in the MIMO channel. Singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied to the channel matrix producing a linear precoding matrix containing the orthonormal basis for the eigen streams. In a first embodiment, the turbo encoded codeword containing concatenated systematic and parity bits is precoded with the linear precoding matrix such that the systematic bits are transmitted over the eigen streams with highest power. In a second embodiment, the codeword is made up of interleaved systematic bits and parity bits prior to eigen beamform preceding, effectively interleaving the systematic and data bits spatially over the eigen streams.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The WTRU is configured to generate at least one local codebook based on a baseline codebook, and select a codeword from the local codebook that is associated with feedback.

Abstract: A method and system for supporting multiple hybrid automatic repeat request (H-ARQ) processes per transmission time interval (TTI) are disclosed. A transmitter and a receiver include a plurality of H-ARQ processes to transmit and receive multiple transport blocks (TBs) simultaneously per TTI. The transmitter generates a plurality of TBs and assigns the TBs to multiple H-ARQ processes. The transmitter sends control information for the TBs and H-ARQ processes associated with the TBs to the receiver. The transmitter then sends the TBs using multiple H-ARQ processes simultaneously per TTI. After receiving the TBs, the receiver sends feedback to each of the TBs indicating successful or unsuccessful receipt of each of the TBs to the transmitter. The control information and the feedback may be sent via a layer 1 or layer 2/3 control part.

Abstract: In an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) wireless communication system, a method for correcting sampler clock frequency offset in a receiver comprises acquiring the frequency offset and symbol timing in a received signal by the receiver. The estimated value of a fractional offset is computed, and a correction in the frequency domain based upon the estimated value of the fractional offset is performed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for scaling a soft bit for decoding in a wireless communication system are described. A scaling factor is calculated for a received symbol based on an estimated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received symbol and the scaling factor is applied to a soft bit of the received symbol. A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme may be implemented to transmit multiple data streams. In such case, a soft bit of a received symbol on each data stream is scaled by a scaling factor for the received symbol on each data stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing spatial processing with unequal modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) or stream-dependent MCSs are disclosed. Input data may be parsed into a plurality of data streams, and spatial processing is performed on the data streams to generate a plurality of spatial streams. An MCS for each data stream is selected independently. The spatial streams are transmitted via multiple transmit antennas. At least one of the techniques of space time block coding (STBC), space frequency block coding (SFBC), quasi-orthogonal Alamouti coding, time reversed space time block coding, linear spatial processing and cyclic delay diversity (CDD) may be performed on the data/spatial streams. An antennal mapping matrix may then be applied to the spatial streams. The spatial streams are transmitted via multiple transmit antennas. The MCS for each data stream may be determined based on a signal-to-noise ratio of each spatial stream associated with the data stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calibration and channel state feedback to support transmit beamforming in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system are disclosed. For radio frequency (RF) calibration, a first station (STA) sends a calibration request to a second STA, and the second STA sends a sounding packet to the first STA. The first STA receives the sounding packet, performs at least one channel measurement and performs calibration based on the channel measurement. For channel state feedback, the first STA sends a channel state feedback request to the second STA. The second STA sends a sounding packet to the first STA. The first STA receives the sounding packet and performs at least one channel measurement with the sounding packet. The first STA then calculates a steering matrix for transmit beamforming based on the channel measurement.

Abstract: In an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, a frequency domain channel estimate for non-nullified subcarriers is converted to a time domain channel estimate. The number of taps L of a channel model is determined based on the time domain channel estimate. An improved time domain channel estimate is obtained by computing L tap coefficients of the channel model from the frequency domain channel estimate. An improved frequency domain channel estimate is obtained by performing a Fourier transform on the improved time domain channel estimate. Alternatively, a time domain truncation method may be performed selectively only if the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is below a threshold. Alternatively, a frequency domain channel estimate for pilot subcarriers are converted to a time domain channel estimate and an improved frequency domain channel estimate is obtained based on the number of pilot subcarriers and a delay spread.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing uplink transmission in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system are disclosed. At a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), input data is encoded and parsed into a plurality of data streams. After modulation and Fourier transform, one of transmit beamforming, space time coding (STC) and spatial multiplexing is selectively performed based on channel state information. Symbols are then mapped to subcarriers and transmitted via antennas. The STC may be space frequency block coding (SFBC) or space time block coding (STBC). Per antenna rate control may be performed on each data stream based on the channel state information. At a Node-B, MIMO decoding may be performed based on one of minimum mean square error (MMSE) decoding, MMSE-successive interference cancellation (SIC) decoding and maximum likelihood (ML) decoding. Space time decoding may be performed if STC is performed at the WTRU.

Abstract: In an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system including at least one base station and at least one wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), sub-carriers are allocated for data transmissions to multiple access WTRUs, where sub-carriers are allocated according to a consecutive sub-carrier allocation (CSA) type and a distributed sub-carrier allocation (DSA) type. Pilot signals with distributed pilot sub-carriers are transmitted and measured at each WTRU to obtain a channel quality metric for each pilot sub-carrier. Each WTRU sends feedback to the base station reporting channel quality based on the measured channel quality metrics. An allocation type is selected and adaptively switched according to channel variations in time and frequency domain.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system comprising at least one access point (AP) and a plurality of stations (STAs), a method for transmission management of the wireless medium comprises the AP configuring a Multiple Receiver Aggregate Multi-Poll/Power Save Aggregation Descriptor (MMP/PSAD) frame with scheduled Uplink Transmission Time (ULT) information for the plurality of STAs. The AP then transmits the MMP/PSAD frame to the plurality of STAs. Upon successfully receiving and decoding the MMP/PSAD frame, STAs transmit during their scheduled ULT.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting transmission of a packet in a wireless communication system are disclosed. A packet includes a preamble which comprises multiple repetition of a training sequence. A signal is detected and the detected signal is correlated with a delayed version of the detected signal which is delayed by a predetermined delay time to generate a sequence of correlations. The correlations are normalized. A difference between a first normalized correlation and a second normalized correlation that are separated by the predetermined delay time is calculated. The difference is compared to a threshold. A transmission of the packet is detected based on the comparison. The first and second normalized correlations may be averaged over first and second averaging periods, respectively. A point generating a maximum difference may be identified, and packet synchronization may be performed based on the identified point.