Abstract: Methods for etching or removing oxide scale from a substrate by applying a composition containing a polymer and an effective amount of hydrofluoric acid and maintaining the composition on the substrate until the substrate is etched or the oxide scale is removed.

Abstract: Methods for etching or removing oxide scale from a substrate by applying a composition containing a polymer and an effective amount of hydrofluoric acid and maintaining the composition on the substrate until the substrate is etched or the oxide scale is removed.

Abstract: A memorial flower display has a receptacle shaped to receive a flower vase. The flower vase has a plurality of engagement studs that engage mating stud receiving channels in the receptacle. The stud receiving channels each have a top slot. When the engagement studs are in the top slots, the flower vase in held in a raised position. When the user twists the flower vase with an upwardly extending handle integral with the flower vase, the engagement studs are twisted out of the top slots, allowing the engagement studs to slide down the stud receiving channels, thereby allowing the flower vase to be lowered into the receptacle to a lowered position. The memorial flower display preferably is covered with a base plate to secure the memorial flower display against theft. The base plate preferably further includes a pair of closure plates that can be moved to cover the memorial flower display for protection.

Abstract: A method for separating hydrogen fluoride from a chemical mixture is provided. In the process of the invention, hydrogen fluoride is separated from a chemical mixture containing hydrogen fluoride by contacting the chemical mixture with a hydrogen fluoride binder. The separated hydrogen fluoride may be recovered from the hydrogen fluoride binder.

Abstract: This invention relates to catalysts for alkylation reactions and their preparation. More particularly, the invention relates to an alkylation process using a hydrogen fluoride-containing alkylation catalyst, which catalyst may be safely and easily handled, transported, and stored.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the visual inspection of electrical circuitry deposited in the layers of a multilayer printed circuit board wherein the dielectric layers of the multilayer board are prepared using a clear, light transparent thermosetting resin having incorporated therein a dye which is permeable to visible light but which absorbs light in the 320-440 nm region.The electrical circuitry in the board can be easily traced by an observer upon illumination of the board by visible light.

Abstract: Process for treating liquid waste compositions which contain copper ions and a complexing agent for the copper which includes reducing the concentration of copper ions in the waste composition to less than about 8 ppm and contacting the composition with H.sub.2 O.sub.2 ; and then contacting the waste composition with an ozone-containing gas and irradiating with ultraviolet light.