Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products for accurately classifying a computer program interacting with a computer system using questioning and fingerprinting are provided. A computer-implemented method may include issuing a challenge to an application interacting with a computer system to determine whether activity performed by the application is scripted, analyzing data associated with a result of the challenge to determine whether the result is at least partially correct, and computing a reputation score for the application based on the result of the challenge. A computer-implemented method also may include comparing the reputation score for the application to a threshold for identifying non-scripted activity, and determining that the activity performed by the application is scripted when the reputation score for the application does not meet the threshold for identifying non-scripted activity.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products for online content referral are provided. A computer-implemented method may include receiving a request from an application, issuing a challenge to the application to determine a capability of the application, analyzing a result of the challenge to associate the application with an application type, determining whether the activity performed by the application is scripted, and classifying the activity as automated or semi-automated when it is determined that the activity is scripted.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products for online content referral are provided. A computer-implemented method may include issuing a challenge to an application interacting with a computer system to determine whether activity performed by the application is scripted, analyzing data associated with a result of the challenge to determine whether the result is at least partially correct, and computing a reputation score for the application based on the result of the challenge. A computer-implemented method also may include comparing the reputation score for the application to a threshold for identifying non-scripted activity, and determining that that the activity performed by the application is scripted when the reputation score for the application does not meet the threshold for identifying non-scripted activity.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) and their use in therapy, particularly for the treatment of a disorder mediated by CB1 receptors, such as obesity, wherein: R1 is aryl or heteroaryl; R2 is alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R3 is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, NR9R10, OR15, or NR16C(O)R17; Y is C?O, C?S, SO2, or (CR7R8); m=1 or 2; n=1 or 2; and p=1, 2, 3 or 4, R7 to R17 being as defined in the specification; wherein if —Y—R3 is —C(O)NH(alkyl) then: R1 and/or R2 is selected from heteroaryl; and/or m and/or n is 2; and/or R11 and/or R12 is lower alkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) and their use in therapy, particularly for the treatment of a disorder mediated by CB1 receptors such as obesity: Formula (I) wherein: R1 and R2 are independently selected from aryl; and R3 is hydrogen or alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one of R1 and R2 has a non-hydrogen substituent in the ortho-position(s) thereof relative to the point of attachment to the [—CH-0-] group.

Abstract: Use of a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is selected from alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, 0thioalkyl, thioaryl, CN, halo, NR5R6, NR4COR5, NR4CONR5R6, NR4CO2R7 and NR4SO2R7; R2 is selected from N, O or S-containing heteroaryl groups, wherein the heteroaryl group is attached via an unsaturated carbon atom which is adjacent to one or two N, O or S-heteroatom(s), other than ortho, ortho-disubstituted heteroaryl groups; R3 is selected from H, alkyl, COR8, CONR9R10, CONR8NR9R10, CO2R11 and SO2R11; R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from H, alkyl and aryl or where R5 and R6 are in an (NR5R6) group then R5 and R6 may be linked to form a heterocyclic ring; R7 is selected from alkyl and aryl; R8, R9 and R10 are independently selected from H, alkyl and aryl, or R9 and R10 may be linked to form a heterocyclic ring, or where R8, R9 and R10 are in a (CONR8NR9R10) group, R8 and R9 may be linked to form a heterocyclic group; and R1 is selected from alkyl and aryl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or prodr

Abstract: The present invention refers to chemical compounds of formula (I) as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, wherein R1 to R5 have the significance given in claim 1. These compounds can be used for the preparation of medicaments.

Abstract: Electrical appliance energy consumption control methods and electrical energy consumption systems are described. In one aspect, an electrical appliance energy consumption control method includes providing an electrical appliance coupled with a power distribution system, receiving electrical energy within the appliance from the power distribution system, consuming the received electrical energy using a plurality of loads of the appliance, monitoring electrical energy of the power distribution system, and adjusting an amount of consumption of the received electrical energy via one of the loads of the appliance from an initial level of consumption to an other level of consumption different than the initial level of consumption responsive to the monitoring.

Abstract: Methods for etching or removing oxide scale from a substrate by applying a composition containing a polymer and an effective amount of hydrofluoric acid and maintaining the composition on the substrate until the substrate is etched or the oxide scale is removed.

Abstract: Methods for etching or removing oxide scale from a substrate by applying a composition containing a polymer and an effective amount of hydrofluoric acid and maintaining the composition on the substrate until the substrate is etched or the oxide scale is removed.

Abstract: A memorial flower display has a receptacle shaped to receive a flower vase. The flower vase has a plurality of engagement studs that engage mating stud receiving channels in the receptacle. The stud receiving channels each have a top slot. When the engagement studs are in the top slots, the flower vase in held in a raised position. When the user twists the flower vase with an upwardly extending handle integral with the flower vase, the engagement studs are twisted out of the top slots, allowing the engagement studs to slide down the stud receiving channels, thereby allowing the flower vase to be lowered into the receptacle to a lowered position. The memorial flower display preferably is covered with a base plate to secure the memorial flower display against theft. The base plate preferably further includes a pair of closure plates that can be moved to cover the memorial flower display for protection.

Abstract: A method for separating hydrogen fluoride from a chemical mixture is provided. In the process of the invention, hydrogen fluoride is separated from a chemical mixture containing hydrogen fluoride by contacting the chemical mixture with a hydrogen fluoride binder. The separated hydrogen fluoride may be recovered from the hydrogen fluoride binder.

Abstract: This invention relates to catalysts for alkylation reactions and their preparation. More particularly, the invention relates to an alkylation process using a hydrogen fluoride-containing alkylation catalyst, which catalyst may be safely and easily handled, transported, and stored.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the visual inspection of electrical circuitry deposited in the layers of a multilayer printed circuit board wherein the dielectric layers of the multilayer board are prepared using a clear, light transparent thermosetting resin having incorporated therein a dye which is permeable to visible light but which absorbs light in the 320-440 nm region.The electrical circuitry in the board can be easily traced by an observer upon illumination of the board by visible light.

Abstract: Process for treating liquid waste compositions which contain copper ions and a complexing agent for the copper which includes reducing the concentration of copper ions in the waste composition to less than about 8 ppm and contacting the composition with H.sub.2 O.sub.2 ; and then contacting the waste composition with an ozone-containing gas and irradiating with ultraviolet light.