Abstract: Zirconia particles, methods of making zirconia particles, composite materials that contain the zirconia particles, methods of making the composite materials, and zirconia sols that contain the zirconia particles are described. The zirconia particles are substantially non-associated and have an average size no greater than 50 nanometers and may contain yttrium. The zirconia particles are prepared by a method that includes two separate hydrothermal treatments.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are LED devices having lenses and methods of making the devices. The LED devices are made using an optical layer comprising a plurality of lens features. The optical layer is disposed relative to the LED die such that at least one LED die is optically coupled to at least one lens feature. A lens can then be made from the lens feature and excess optical layer removed to provide the device.

Abstract: In a cationically curable composition comprising an epoxide, a cationic photoinitiator and a cyclic carbonate, we have found that the use of higher levels of cyclic carbonate than have been used hitherto can lead to much enhanced cure speed and post-cure.

Abstract: A coating composition for cationic curing comprises an epoxide, a multi-functional oxetane, a cationic photoinitiator and a cyclic carbonate at a higher level than has been used conventionally. This appears to have a synergistic effect, improving cure speed and post-cure.

Abstract: A sprayable energy-curable coating composition comprises an epoxide monomer or oligomer, a cationic photoinitiator and a cyclic carbonate, the cyclic carbonate being present in an amount of at least 7% by weight of the entire composition.

Abstract: Photoinitiator compounds of formula (I): {where: A represents a direct bond or a group of formula —[O(CHR7CHR6)a]y—, —[O(CH2)bCO]y—, or —[O(CH2)bCO](y-1)—[O(CHR7CHR6)a]—, where one of R6 and R7 is hydrogen and the other is hydrogen or methyl; a is a number from 1 to 2; b is a number from 4 to 5; Q is a residue of a polyhydroxy compound having 2 to 6 hydroxy groups; x is a number greater than 1 but no greater than the number of available hydroxyl groups in Q; y is a number from 1 to 10; R1, R2, R3 and R4 are individually the same or different and each is hydrogen, hydroxy, or alkyl; or R1 and R3 are joined to form a fused ring system with the benzene rings to which they are attached; and R5 represents a direct bond, an oxygen atom or a methylene group} are useful as cationic photoinitiators, especially for use in surface coating applications, such as printing inks and varnishes, and which are intended to be cured by polymerisation initiated by radiation.

Abstract: Zirconia particles, methods of making zirconia particles, composite materials that contain the zirconia particles, methods of making the composite materials, and zirconia sols that contain the zirconia particles are described. The zirconia particles are substantially non-associated and have an average size no greater than 50 nanometers and may contain yttrium. The zirconia particles are prepared by a method that includes two separate hydrothermal treatments.

Abstract: A process for evaporating a portion of a colloidal solution, said process including: a) passing a colloidal solution, said colloidal solution including particles in a liquid medium, wherein at least a portion of said liquid medium includes at least one volatile component, through one or more orifices into an evaporation zone that has at least one inner surface, wherein said colloidal solution does not substantially contact said at least one inner surface of said evaporation zone as said colloidal solution is passed through said evaporation zone; b) applying pressure in said evaporation zone that is lower than the vapor pressure of said colloidal solution as it is passed into said evaporation zone, allowing for flash evaporation of at least a portion of said at least one volatile component from said colloidal solution; c) adjusting the pressure in said evaporation zone to evaporate an amount of said at least one volatile component from said colloidal solution; and d) collecting the remaining colloidal solution

Abstract: A medicant composition is provided. The composition includes a film layer and a powder matrix layer. The powder matrix layer includes a medicant. The powder matrix layer is applied to the film layer by admixing particulate to form a powder matrix and by then applying the powder matrix to the film layer by any desired method. The composition of the powder matrix is varied to alter the dissolution rate of the medicant, the adhesion of the medicant composition, and other physical properties of the powder matrix. The powder matrix layer can be cured.

Abstract: A medicant composition is provided. The composition includes a film layer and a powder matrix layer. The powder matrix layer includes a medicant. The powder matrix layer is applied to the film layer by admixing particulate to form a powder matrix and by then applying the powder matrix to the film layer by any desired method. The composition of the powder matrix is varied to alter the dissolution rate of the medicant, the adhesion of the medicant composition, and other physical properties of the powder matrix. The powder matrix layer can be cured.

Abstract: A bioadhesive phosphomatrix composition and method for rapid delivery of effective amounts of active substances through the nasal membrane into the circulatory system. The composition may contain permeation enhancers that facilitate delivery of the active substance to the systemic circulation.

Abstract: Described is a process for evaporating a portion of a colloidal solution, said process comprising: a) passing a colloidal solution, said colloidal solution comprising particles in a liquid medium, wherein at least a portion of said liquid medium comprises at least one volatile component, through one or more orifices into an evaporation zone that has at least one inner surface, wherein said colloidal solution does not substantially contact said at least one inner surface of said evaporation zone as said colloidal solution is passed through said evaporation zone; b) applying pressure in said evaporation zone that is lower than the vapor pressure of said colloidal solution as it is passed into said evaporation zone, allowing for flash evaporation of at least a portion of said at least one volatile component from said colloidal solution; c) adjusting the pressure in said evaporation zone to evaporate an amount of said at least one volatile component from said colloidal solution; and d) collecting the remaining co

Abstract: Described is a process for concentrating weak black liquor to form strong black liquor, said process comprising: a) preconcentrating said weak black liquor; b) heating said preconcentrated weak black liquor in a heating zone under sufficient pressure to prevent said preconcentrated weak black liquor from boiling in said heating zone; c) passing said preconcentrated weak black liquor, having at least one volatile component, into an evaporation zone through one or more orifices; d) applying pressure in said evaporation zone that is lower than the vapor pressure of said preconcentrated weak black liquor as it is passed into said evaporation zone, which allows for flash evaporation of at least a portion of said at least one volatile component of said preconcentrated weak black liquor from said preconcentrated weak black liquor to form strong black liquor; e) adjusting heat in said heating zone.

Abstract: A viscous gel for delivering minor effective homeopathic amount of zinc or another metal to the nasal membrane.

Abstract: A viscous gel for delivering minor effective homeopathic amount of zinc or another metal to the nasal membrane.

Abstract: A continuous, preferably counter-current, extraction process that can be used to significantly reduce the concentrations of residual monomers, residual catalyst, undesired solvents, and other impurities in polymer compositions. The invention is particularly beneficial for extracting residual monomers and other impurities from viscous, sticky polymer solutions, such as solutions of PSAs and low cohesive strength polymer compositions that phase change during extraction (i.e., change from liquid to solid, or precipitate), in a continuous manner. The polymer composition can be extruded into an extraction solvent as fibers in a vertical extraction column, under conditions such that at least a portion of an impurity is extracted from the polymer into the extraction solvent.

Abstract: A viscous gel for delivering minor effective homeopathic amount of zinc or another metal to the nasal membrane.

Abstract: A screen printing stencil made from a composition comprising polyhydroxy compounds having a plurality of 1,2- or 1,3-diol groups along a polymer backbone, the diol groups grafted thereto a compound of formula (I) (where A is an arylene or an alkylene group; X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbon-carbon bond, or a group of formula (a), (b) or (c); R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.1 is a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl group; m is an integer of from 1 to 8; n is an integer of from 1 to 3; and p is 1 or 2); or an acetal of the polyhydroxy, compound with ethylene glycol.

Abstract: A process that involves the packaged polymerization of olefinic monomer(s) and catalyst systems comprising a transition metal species that mediates the polymerization of the monomer(s) is disclosed. This process provides a way to use the resultant polymer without extensive further processing.

Abstract: Described herein is a continuous process for polymerizing 1-alkenes. In this process, which operates free of any hydrogen control feed, the resultant polymer has an inherent viscosity that is closely centered around a predetermined targeted value. If desired, the targeted value can be changed while the process is being performed. The process is carried out in a reactor that allows for essentially plug flow of material passing therethrough. Additionally, the temperature profile of the reactor is controllable.