Abstract: A system and method employing at least one semiconductor device having at least one detecting region which can include, for example, a recess or opening therein, for detecting a charge representative of a component of a polymer, such as a nucleic acid strand, proximate to the detecting region, and a method for manufacturing such a semiconductor device. The system and method can thus be used for sequencing individual nucleotides or bases of ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The semiconductor device includes at least two doped regions, such as two n-type regions implanted in a p-type semiconductor layer or two p-type regions implanted in an n-type semiconductor layer. The detecting region permits a current to pass between the two doped regions in response to the presence of the component of the polymer, such as a base of a DNA or RNA strand.

Abstract: A system and method for forming one or more nanometer sized openings in a detecting region of an object, such as a semiconductor device that is used for identifying the individual mers of long-chain polymers, such as carbohydrates and proteins, as well as individual bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA), to thus enable sequencing of the strand to be performed. The system and method employ the operations of positioning a mask pattern including a plurality of mask lines at a first orientation with respect to the mask on the semiconductor, and imposing the mask pattern on the mask to create first mask lines extending in a first direction along the mask.

Abstract: A system and method employing at least one semiconductor device having at least one detecting region which can include, for example, a recess or opening therein, for detecting a charge representative of a component of a polymer, such as a nucleic acid strand, proximate to the detecting region, and a method for manufacturing such a semiconductor device. The system and method can thus be used for sequencing individual nucleotides or bases of ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The semiconductor device includes at least two doped regions, such as two n-type regions implanted in a p-type semiconductor layer or two p-type regions implanted in an n-type semiconductor layer. The detecting region permits a current to pass between the two doped regions in response to the presence of the component of the polymer, such as a base of a DNA or RNA strand.

Abstract: An optical receiver suitable for use in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system is able to tolerate shifts in the transmitting lasers' wavelength. During a periodically repeated wavelength synchronization phase, only a single transmitter laser is operating, and a peak finder locks onto the wavelength having greatest power and notes the corresponding detector pixel's position. Thus, the receiver knows the relative wavelength of the transmitting laser in terms of the detector pixel illuminated with the brightest light, and can store this information for later reference. The active transmitter lasers take turns synchronizing their wavelengths during successive synchronization phases. During the multi-wavelength data transmission phase, many lasers in the system transmit information at the same time, at different wavelengths.

Abstract: An hydraulic brake hose such as for automotive applications is formed of an EPDM elastomer core tube and one or more additional tube layers, each formed of such terpolymer compounded without processing oils and one or more interlying reinforcing layers of nonwater-base adhesive coated polyvinyl alcohol fibers. The absence of water from the reinforcing fibers provides thennal stability to the reinforcing layers, and the absence of compounding oil from the EPDM terpolymers also provides high temperature properties for the hose.