Abstract: A method for programming multilevel PCM cells envisages: forming an amorphous region of amorphous phase change material in a storage element of a PCM cell by applying one or more reset pulse; and forming a conductive path of crystalline phase change material through the amorphous region by applying one or more set pulse, a size of the conductive path defining a programmed state of the PCM cell and an output electrical quantity associated thereto, and being controlled by the value of the reset pulse and set pulse. The step of forming an amorphous region envisages adaptively and iteratively determining, during the programming operations, a value of the reset pulse optimized for electrical and/or physical properties of the PCM cell, and in particular determining a minimum amplitude value of the reset pulse, which allows programming a desired programmed state and a desired value of the output electrical quantity.

Abstract: A voltage derived from accessing a selected bit using one read current may be utilized to read a selected bit of an untriggered phase change memory after the read current is changed. As a result, different reference voltages may be used to sense the state of more resistive versus a less resistive selected cells. The resulting read window or margin may be improved in some embodiments.

Abstract: A read current high enough to threshold a phase change memory element may be used to read the element without thresholding the memory element. The higher current may improve performance in some cases. The memory element does not threshold because the element is read and the current stopped prior to triggering the memory element.

Abstract: A read current high enough to threshold a phase change memory element may be used to read the element without thresholding the memory element. The higher current may improve performance in some cases. The memory element does not threshold because the element is read and the current stopped prior to triggering the memory element.

Abstract: Described herein are a method and apparatuses for providing customizable error correction for memory arrays. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a memory device having a memory array to store data and an analog to digital sense unit coupled to the memory array. The analog to digital sense unit senses analog signals associated with the memory array and converts the analog signals into distributions of digital values. An error-correcting code (ECC) unit receives the distributions of digital values from the analog to digital sense unit. A configurable non-volatile look-up table generates ECC parameters including error probability data and provides the ECC parameters to the ECC unit for error correction. The error probability data has error probability values that are associated with the distributions of digital values. The ECC unit executes an ECC algorithm to provide error correction using the error probability data.

Abstract: A read current high enough to threshold a phase change memory element may be used to read the element without thresholding the memory element. The higher current may improve performance in some cases. The memory element does not threshold because the element is read and the current stopped prior to triggering the memory element.

Abstract: A method for programming multilevel PCM cells envisages: forming an amorphous region of amorphous phase change material in a storage element of a PCM cell by applying one or more reset pulse; and forming a conductive path of crystalline phase change material through the amorphous region by applying one or more set pulse, a size of the conductive path defining a programmed state of the PCM cell and an output electrical quantity associated thereto, and being controlled by the value of the reset pulse and set pulse. The step of forming an amorphous region envisages adaptively and iteratively determining, during the programming operations, a value of the reset pulse optimized for electrical and/or physical properties of the PCM cell, and in particular determining a minimum amplitude value of the reset pulse, which allows programming a desired programmed state and a desired value of the output electrical quantity.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an array of cells, including: implanting, in a body of semiconductor material of a first conductivity type, a common conduction region of the first conductivity type; forming, in the body, above the common conduction region, a plurality of active area regions of a second conductivity type and a first doping level; forming, on top of the body, an insulating layer having first and second openings; implanting first portions of the active area regions through the first openings with a doping agent of the first conductivity type, thereby forming, in the active area regions, second conduction regions of the first conductivity type; implanting second portions of the active area regions through the second openings with a doping agent of the second conductivity type, thereby forming control contact regions of the second conductivity type and a second doping level, higher than the first doping level; forming, on top of the body, a plurality of storage components, each storage component havin

Abstract: A read current high enough to threshold a phase change memory element may be used to read the element without thresholding the memory element. The higher current may improve performance in some cases. The memory element does not threshold because the element is read and the current stopped prior to triggering the memory element.

Abstract: A read current high enough to threshold a phase change memory element may be used to read the element without thresholding the memory element. The higher current may improve performance in some cases. The memory element does not threshold because the element is read and the current stopped prior to triggering the memory element.

Abstract: A tension regulator for a safety belt of a seat, in particular a child safety seat, is provided with a metal body having a contrast cross member and with a slider, which is also made of metal; the slider has a retention cross member, wound on which is a strap of the safety belt, and is slidable with respect to the body for exerting a nipping action on said strap between the retention cross member and the contrast cross member; the body has a guide cross member, which defines, with the contrast cross member, a passage that can be engaged by the strap for keeping the strap folded on an edge of said contrast cross member.

Abstract: A memory includes a storage element (OUM) made of a phase-change material for storing a logic value and an access element (OTS) switching from a higher resistance condition to a lower resistance condition in response to a selection of the memory cell, the access element in the higher resistance condition decoupling the storage element from a read circuit and in the lower resistance condition coupling the storage element to the read circuit. The read circuit includes a sense amplifier to determine the logic value stored in the memory cell according to an electrical quantity associated with the memory cell. The read circuit further includes a detector that detects the switching of the access element by comparison to a delayed waveform or sensing a change in the column rate of change, and a circuit to enable the sense amplifier in response to the detection of the switching of the access element.

Abstract: A device for attaching a child safety seat has a frame defining a slot engageable by a fixed catch; and a lever which rotates, about an axis of rotation, from a release position to a lock position to retain the catch inside the slot. The frame guides a control member, in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the lever, between a forward position and a withdrawn position with respect to the slot; a spring pushes the control member into the withdrawn position, and a cam transmission rotates the lever into the release position as the control member is pushed into the forward position in opposition to the spring; and the lever is fixed radially with respect to its axis of rotation, and is retained in the release position by a pin, carried by the control member, engaging a seat on the frame.

Abstract: A device for attaching a child safety seat has a frame defining a slot engageable by a fixed catch; and a lever which rotates, about an axis of rotation, from a release position to a lock position to retain the catch inside the slot. The frame guides a control member, in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the lever, between a forward position and a withdrawn position with respect to the slot; a spring pushes the control member into the withdrawn position, and a cam transmission rotates the lever into the release position as the control member is pushed into the forward position in opposition to the spring; and the lever is fixed radially with respect to its axis of rotation, and is retained in the release position by a pin, carried by the control member, engaging a seat on the frame.

Abstract: A method of controlling a discharge of bit lines of a matrix of memory cells comprises conditioning a value of a current flowing through a bit line of the matrix during a bit line discharge phase to an absence of an indication of defectiveness of the bit line. The method allows preventing crowbar currents that otherwise flow during the bit line discharge phase when a defective bit line exhibits a short-circuit to a defective word line.

Abstract: A memory includes a storage element (OUM) made of a phase-change material for storing a logic value and an access element (OTS) switching from a higher resistance condition to a lower resistance condition in response to a selection of the memory cell, the access element in the higher resistance condition decoupling the storage element from a read circuit and in the lower resistance condition coupling the storage element to the read circuit. The read circuit includes a sense amplifier to determine the logic value stored in the memory cell according to an electrical quantity associated with the memory cell. The read circuit further includes a detector that detects the switching of the access element by comparison to a delayed waveform or sensing a change in the column rate of change, and a circuit to enable the sense amplifier in response to the detection of the switching of the access element.

Abstract: A seat belt buckle, in particular for racing vehicles, having: a casing defining at least one slot engageable by an end member of a strap of a seat belt for connection; a lock mechanism housed in the casing and for releasably retaining the end member; and a release lever fitted to the casing and movable, from a rest position, along a path lying in an actuating plane to release the lock mechanism from the end member, the release lever having an end projecting from the casing in the actuating plane as the release lever moves along the path. The buckle also has a lever guard portion fitted to the casing and having a lateral surface, an ideal extension of which in a direction perpendicular to the actuating plane surrounds the end of the release lever in the rest position.

Abstract: A memory includes a storage element (OUM) made of a phase-change material for storing a logic value and an access element (OTS) switching from a higher resistance condition to a lower resistance condition in response to a selection of the memory cell, the access element in the higher resistance condition decoupling the storage element from a read circuit and in the lower resistance condition coupling the storage element to the read circuit. The read circuit includes a sense amplifier to determine the logic value stored in the memory cell according to an electrical quantity associated with the memory cell. The read circuit further includes a detector that detects the switching of the access element by comparison to a delayed waveform or sensing a change in the column rate of change, and a circuit to enable the sense amplifier in response to the detection of the switching of the access element.

Abstract: A read current high enough to threshold a phase change memory element may be used to read the element without thresholding the memory element. The higher current may improve performance in some cases. The memory element does not threshold because the element is read and the current stopped prior to triggering the memory element.