Abstract: A catalyst is provided which comprises a composition comprising a catalytic metal component, carbon and hydrogen deposited on a low surface area aluminum alloy powder support prepared by atomizing the metal alloy. Hydrocarbon treating and conversion processes utilizing the catalyst are also provided. The catalyst is particularly suitable for slurry processes.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing carbonaceous feeds such as hydrocarbonaceous oils and coal are hydroconverted in the presence of a solid vanadium-containing catalyst and a hydrogen halide.

Abstract: A hydrocracking process is provided utilizing high surface area metal-containing catalysts prepared by dispersing a thermally decomposable metal compound in a hydrocarbon oil having a Conradson carbon content of up to about 50 weight percent, the thermally decomposable metal compound being added in an amount sufficient to obtain a specified ratio of atoms of Conradson carbon of the oil chargestock to atoms of metal constituent of the thermally decomposable compound, heating the compound in the presence of a gas comprising either hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide to form a solid high surface area catalyst. The metal constituent of the thermally decomposable metal compound may be a metal of Groups II, III, IV, V, VIB, VIIB, VIII or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for catalytically hydroconverting a mixture of coal and a hydrocarbonaceous oil is effected by forming a mixture of a thermally decomposable metal compound, oil and coal, converting the compound to a catalyst within the mixture and reacting the mixture with hydrogen. Preferred compounds are molybdenum compounds.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided which comprises a composition comprising a catalytic metal component, carbon and hydrogen deposited on a low surface area aluminum alloy powder support prepared by atomizing the metal alloy. Hydrocarbon treating and conversion processes utilizing the catalyst are also provided. The catalyst is particularly suitable for slurry processes.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a composition comprising a catalytic metal component, carbon and hydrogen deposited on a low surface area metal or metal alloy support is provided. Hydrocarbon treating and conversion processes utilizing the catalyst are also provided. The catalyst is particularly suitable for slurry processes.

Abstract: High surface area metal-containing catalysts are prepared by dispersing a thermally decomposable metal compound in a hydrocarbon oil having a Conradson carbon content of up to about 50 weight percent, the thermally decomposable metal compound being added in an amount sufficient to obtain a specified ratio of atoms of Conradson carbon of the oil chargestock to atoms of metal constituent of the thermally decomposable compound, heating the compound in the presence of a gas comprising either hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide to form a solid high surface area catalyst within the oil, and recovering the resulting high surface area catalyst. The metal constituent of the thermally decomposable metal compound may be a metal of Groups II, III, IV, V, VIB, VIIB, VIII or mixtures thereof. The high surface area solids are suitable as catalysts, catalyst supports or catalyst components for use in hydrocarbon treating processes and in chemical processes.

Abstract: A catalytic hydroconversion process for a hydrocarbonaceous oil is effected by dissolving an oil-soluble metal compound in the oil, converting the compound to a solid, non-colloidal catalyst within the oil and reacting the oil containing the catalyst with hydrogen. Preferred compounds are molybdenum compounds.

Abstract: A combination slurry hydroconversion, coking and coke gasification process is provided wherein carbonaceous solids having an average particle size of less than 10 microns in diameter or the ashes thereof are used as a catalyst in the hydroconversion stage.

Abstract: In the hydroconversion of carbonaceous materials such as hydrocarbonaceous oils and coal or mixtures thereof, in which inorganic poly acids comprising molybdenum or tungsten or salts thereof are used as catalyst precursors which are converted to catalysts, the use of a combination of phosphoric acid and said poly acids or salts thereof as catalyst precursor wherein the amount of phosphoric acid is such as to provide from about 0.5 to about 3.5 atoms of phosphorus per atom of molybdenum or tungsten results in a catalyst having improved activity.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking process for a hydrocarbonaceous oil is effected by dispersing a thermally decomposable metal compound in the oil, heating the compound in the presence of a hydrogen-containing gas to form a solid, non-colloidal catalyst within the oil and reacting the oil containing the catalyst with hydrogen. Preferred thermally decomposable compound are molybdenum compounds.

Abstract: A combination slurry hydroconversion, coking and coke gasification process is provided wherein solid fines having an average particle size of less than 10 microns in diameter or the ashes thereof recovered from a gaseous product derived from the coke gasification are used as a catalyst in the hydroconversion stage in combination with a catalyst produced from an oil soluble metal compound in situ in the chargestock of the hydroconversion zone.

Abstract: A combination slurry hydroconversion, coking and coke gasification process is provided wherein solid fines having an average particle size of less than 10 microns in diameter or the ashes thereof recovered from a gaseous product derived from the coke gasification are used as a catalyst in the hydroconversion stage.

Abstract: A coal liquefaction chargestock is first treated with a gaseous mixture comprising at least 5 mole percent hydrogen sulfide at a temperature varying from about 343.degree. C. to about 449.degree. C. for at least 8 minutes and thereafter subjected to coal liquefaction conditions.

Abstract: A catalytic hydroconversion process for a hydrocarbonaceous oil is effected by dissolving an oil-soluble metal compound in the oil, converting the compound to a solid, non-colloidal catalyst within the oil and reacting the oil containing the catalyst with hydrogen. Preferred compounds are molybdenum compounds.

Abstract: Processes for the treating of sulfur-containing petroleum oil feedstocks employing alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and mixtures thereof are disclosed. Specifically, processes for hydrotreating feedstocks which have been previously partially desulfurized using conventional hydrodesulfurization catalysts by contacting such feedstocks with alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and mixtures thereof, are disclosed. Preferably, the products of such a treatment are employed as feeds for catalytic cracking processes. In addition, processes for the combined hydrotreating and hydroconversion of various sulfur-containing petroleum oil feeds are disclosed, employing at least two hydroconversion agents selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds, in the presence of added hydrogen, and at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing petroleum oil feedstocks which include heavy hydrocarbon constituents undergo simultaneous desulfurization and hydroconversion by contacting and reacting such feedstocks with sodamide in the presence of hydrogen and at elevated temperatures. The mixture of reaction products resulting from the above procedure is separated to give a sodium sulfur salt by-product, and a petroleum oil product which has been substantially desulfurized and demetallized, as well as being significantly improved as indicated by a reduced Conradson carbon content and an increased API gravity relative to the feedstock. Sodamide is regenerated from the sodium sulfur salt by-product and can be recycled for reaction with additional feedstock.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing petroleum oil feedstocks which include heavy hydrocarbon constituents undergo simultaneous desulfurization and hydroconversion by contacting and reacting such feedstocks with sodamide in the presence of hydrogen and at elevated temperatures. The mixture of reaction products resulting from the above procedure is separated to give a sodium sulfur salt by-product, and a petroleum oil product which has been substantially desulfurized and demetallized, as well as being significantly improved as indicated by a reduced Conradson carbon content and an increased API gravity relative to the feedstock. Sodamide is regenerated from the sodium sulfur salt by-product and can be recycled for reaction with additional feedstock.

Abstract: A process for the simultaneous desulfurization and hydroconversion of heavy carbonaceous feeds, including various sulfur-containing heavy petroleum oils, is disclosed. These feedstocks are contacted with potassium sulfide in a conversion zone maintained at elevated temperatures and in the presence of added hydrogen. In this manner, the feeds are substantially desulfurized, and significant upgrading of these feeds is also obtained as demonstrated by decreased Conradson carbon, increased API gravity, and the conversion of substantial portion of the 1,050.degree. F.+ portion of these feeds. In a preferred embodiment, such a process is disclosed employing a combination of potassium sulfide and sodium sulfide, and in particular these processes include procedures for the regeneration of the sulfides and their recycle to the conversion zone.

Abstract: A catalytic slurry hydroconversion process for producing normally liquid hydrocarbons from a heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil and from coal is performed in at least two stages in series. The heavy oil is introduced into the first hydroconversion stage and the coal is introduced into any of the hydroconversion stages other than the first stage.