Abstract: A thixotropic and biocompatible gel, formed by combining of 4-arm polyethylene glycol with fumed silica (PEG-silica). The thixotropicity of the gel is affected by the ratio of PEG to silica. To study the gel's biocompatibility, the cell suspension in PBS or another medium was added to the PEG-silica gel via mixing to uniformly disperse the cells in the gel and then placed in an incubator before performing fluorescence live-dead assays. Duration of cell viability (cell life time) in gels was measured to be up to several days, depending on gel composition. Due to their optical and fluidic properties the gels are compatible with live cell imaging including 3D computed tomography and offer a means for moving the cells in a highly controllable manner by applying and removing pressure on the gels.

Abstract: A thixotropic and biocompatible gel, formed by combining of 4-arm polyethylene glycol with fumed silica (PEG-silica). The thixotropicity of the gel is affected by the ratio of PEG to silica. To study the gel's biocompatibility, the cell suspension in PBS or another medium was added to the PEG-silica gel via mixing to uniformly disperse the cells in the gel and then placed in an incubator before performing fluorescence live-dead assays. Duration of cell viability (cell life time) in gels was measured to be up to several days, depending on gel composition. Due to their optical and fluidic properties the gels are compatible with live cell imaging including 3D computed tomography and offer a means for moving the cells in a highly controllable manner by applying and removing pressure on the gels.

Abstract: A beverage preparation machine having an inlet arrangement and a gasket arrangement is provided, where the inlet arrangement is configured with a plurality of inlet ports to deliver liquid to a beverage cartridge. The gasket arrangement may include a plurality of openings, wherein each of the plurality of inlet ports is received within one of the plurality of openings. The gasket arrangement may be integrally formed and may include one or more ribs disposed about each of the plurality of openings. A perimeter rib may extend along a perimeter of the gasket arrangement.

Abstract: A beverage machine having a heater arranged to receive unheated liquid and deliver heated liquid to a dispensing station to form a beverage, and to receive unheated air and deliver heated air to the dispensing station to preheat portions of the dispensing station before forming a beverage. The machine may be arranged to deliver heated air to the dispensing station only if a temperature at the dispensing station is below a threshold.

Abstract: An inlet arrangement of a beverage forming apparatus is provided, where the inlet arrangement is configured to deliver liquid to a beverage cartridge. The inlet arrangement includes a central inlet port and a plurality of inlet ports arranged around the central inlet port. The beverage forming apparatus has the ability to implement different dispensing operations in which dispensing occurs through selectable subsets of the inlet ports. A gasket arrangement may be used with the inlet arrangement.

Abstract: A beverage preparation machine having an inlet arrangement and a gasket arrangement is provided, where the inlet arrangement is configured with a plurality of inlet ports to deliver liquid to a beverage cartridge. The gasket arrangement may include a single unitary shape with a plurality of openings for receiving the plurality of inlet ports. The gasket arrangement may include one or more inner ribs disposed about each of the plurality of openings. A perimeter rib may extend along a perimeter of the gasket arrangement.

Abstract: An inlet arrangement of a beverage forming apparatus is provided, where the inlet arrangement is configured to deliver liquid to a beverage cartridge. The inlet arrangement includes a central inlet port and a plurality of inlet ports arranged around the central inlet port. The beverage forming apparatus has the ability to implement different dispensing operations in which dispensing occurs through selectable subsets of the inlet ports. A gasket arrangement may be used with the inlet arrangement.

Abstract: A beverage preparation machine having an inlet arrangement and a gasket arrangement is provided, where the inlet arrangement is configured with a plurality of inlet ports to deliver liquid to a beverage cartridge. The gasket arrangement may include a plurality of openings, wherein each of the plurality of inlet ports is received within one of the plurality of openings. The gasket arrangement may be integrally formed and may include one or more ribs disposed about each of the plurality of openings. A perimeter rib may extend along a perimeter of the gasket arrangement.

Abstract: A beverage preparation machine having an inlet arrangement and a gasket arrangement is provided, where the inlet arrangement is configured with a plurality of inlet ports to deliver liquid to a beverage cartridge. The gasket arrangement may include a plurality of openings, wherein each of the plurality of inlet ports is received within one of the plurality of openings. The gasket arrangement may be integrally formed and may include one or more ribs disposed about each of the plurality of openings. A perimeter rib may extend along a perimeter of the gasket arrangement.

Abstract: Systems and methods of using the same for functional fluorescence imaging of live cells in suspension with isotropic three dimensional (3D) diffraction-limited spatial resolution are disclosed. The method-live cell computed tomography (LCCT)-involves the acquisition of a series of two dimensional (2D) pseudo-projection images from different perspectives of the cell that rotates around an axis that is perpendicular to the optical axis of the imaging system. The volumetric image of the cell is then tomographically reconstructed.

Abstract: Systems and methods of using the same for functional fluorescence imaging of live cells in suspension with isotropic three dimensional (3D) diffraction-limited spatial resolution are disclosed. The method-live cell computed tomography (LCCT)-in-volves the acquisition of a series of two dimensional (2D) pseudo-projection images from different perspectives of the cell that rotates around an axis that is perpendicular to the optical axis of the imaging system. The volumetric image of the cell is then tomographically reconstructed.

Abstract: A beverage preparation machine having an inlet arrangement and a gasket arrangement is provided, where the inlet arrangement is configured with a plurality of inlet ports to deliver liquid to a beverage cartridge. The gasket arrangement may include a plurality of openings, wherein each of the plurality of inlet ports is received within one of the plurality of openings. The gasket arrangement may be integrally formed and may include one or more ribs disposed about each of the plurality of openings. A perimeter rib may extend along a perimeter of the gasket arrangement.

Abstract: An inlet arrangement of a beverage forming apparatus is provided, where the inlet arrangement is configured to deliver liquid to a beverage cartridge. The inlet arrangement includes a central inlet port and a plurality of inlet ports arranged around the central inlet port. The beverage forming apparatus has the ability to implement different dispensing operations in which dispensing occurs through selectable subsets of the inlet ports.

Abstract: A beverage machine having a heater arranged to receive unheated liquid and deliver heated liquid to a dispensing station to form a beverage, and to receive unheated air and deliver heated air to the dispensing station to preheat portions of the dispensing station before forming a beverage. The machine may be arranged to deliver heated air to the dispensing station only if a temperature at the dispensing station is below a threshold.

Abstract: An inlet arrangement of a beverage forming apparatus is provided, where the inlet arrangement is configured to deliver liquid to a beverage cartridge. The inlet arrangement includes a central inlet port and a plurality of inlet ports arranged around the central inlet port. The beverage forming apparatus has the ability to implement different dispensing operations in which dispensing occurs through selectable subsets of the inlet ports. A gasket arrangement may be used with the inlet arrangement.

Abstract: A thixotropic and biocompatible gel, formed by combining of 4-arm polyethylene glycol with fumed silica (PEG-silica). The thixotropicity of the gel is affected by the ratio of PEG to silica. To study the gels biocompatibility, the cell suspension in PBS or another medium was added to the PEG-silica gel via mixing to uniformly disperse the cells in the gel and then placed in an incubator before performing fluorescence live-dead assays. Duration of cell viability (cell life time) in gels was measured to be up to several days, depending on gel composition. Due to their optical and fluidic properties the gels are compatible with live cell imaging including 3D computed tomography and offer a means for moving the cells in a highly controllable manner by applying and removing pressure on the gels.

Abstract: A pulverizing attachment for an excavator and a method of removably rigidly retaining teeth to one or more jaws of a pulverizer. A plurality of tooth members each have a longitudinal slot with a cross-sectional shape and a relief slot extending substantially transverse to the longitudinal slot producing a flexible end portion capable of deflection upon application of a longitudinal compression force. The tooth rails having a complimentary cross-sectional shape to the longitudinal slot slidably receive the tooth members. The complimentary shape of the longitudinal slot and tooth rail in cooperation with a longitudinal compression force applied to deflect the flexible end portions of each of the tooth members rigidly retains the tooth members on the tooth rails fixed to the pulverizer jaws.

Abstract: Systems and methods of using the same for functional fluorescence imaging of live cells in suspension with isotropic three dimensional (3D) diffraction-limited spatial resolution are disclosed. The method-live cell computed tomography (LCCT)-in-volves the acquisition of a series of two dimensional (2D) pseudo-projection images from different perspectives of the cell that rotates around an axis that is perpendicular to the optical axis of the imaging system. The volumetric image of the cell is then tomographically reconstructed.

Abstract: Systems and methods of using the same for functional fluorescence imaging of live cells in suspension with isotropic three dimensional (3D) diffraction-limited spatial resolution are disclosed. The method-live cell computed tomography (LCCT)-involves the acquisition of a series of two dimensional (2D) pseudo-projection images from different perspectives of the cell that rotates around an axis that is perpendicular to the optical axis of the imaging system. The volumetric image of the cell is then tomographically reconstructed.

Abstract: A microfluidic device useable for performing live cell computed tomography imaging is fabricated with a cover portion including a first wafer with at least one metal patterned thereon, a base portion including a second wafer with at least one metal patterned thereon and negative photoresist defining recesses therein, and a diffusive bonding layer including a negative photoresist arranged to join the cover portion and the base portion. A composition useful in live cell computer topography includes a long-chain polysaccharide at a concentration of from about 0.01% to about 10.0% in cell culture medium for supporting cell life while enabling cell rotation rate to be slowed to a speed commensurate with low light level imaging.