Abstract: An electrostatographic toner image reproduction machine is provided for producing toner reproductions of original images. The reproduction machine includes a frame; a movable image bearing member mounted to and having a path of movement within the frame; and electrostatographic process devices mounted for forming a toner image, transferring and fusing the toner image onto a copy sheet; and at least one status parameter defining a quality condition of the formed, transferred and fused toner images. The reproduction machine also includes measuring devices for measuring the at least one status parameter; at least first and second different machine speeds at which to operate the machine; and a machine controller connected to the measuring devices for automatically changing the machine speed in response to each of the at least one status parameter so as to ensure continued production of high quality toner images.

Abstract: Digital circuits determine multiplicative inverses using look-up tables which, in response to an address signal, provide a signal indicating a multiplicative inverse. The look-up tables store values indicating inverses for numbers between 1 and 2. The circuit factors a value to be inverted as product a power of two and a factor between 1 and 2. An address signal indicating the factor is applied to the look-up table, and the look-up table provides a signal which indicates the inverse of the factor. The signal provided by the look-up table is then converted to the proper scale for the exponent N. Factoring and conversion may be accomplished with logical shifts so that no multiplier is required. The look-up table may be compressed by not storing bits of inverses, which are constant or only change once within the range of the look-up table and by only storing look-up values for every other number within the range of the look-up table.

Abstract: A voltage regulator, a device driver, and a warning signal driver are provided on a single voltage regulator integrated circuit. The voltage regulator provides a regulated voltage for external logic such as a microcontroller. The device driver selectively turns on or turns off an external device such as a relay. The warning signal driver outputs a warning signal. The integrated circuit contains sensing circuits which sense if the output voltage is out of proper regulation. In the event of a malfunction, for example when the output voltage is outside a desired voltage range, the device driver shuts off the external device and the warning signal driver generates a warning signal. The integrated circuit may also receive signals from the external logic which cause the integrated circuit to shut off the device or to generate a warning signal.

Abstract: An anti-lock braking system includes a mechanism for releasing a brake and a digital circuit for determining a wheel velocity and controlling the mechanism to prevent the brake from locking. The digital circuit uses a look-up table which, in response to an address signal, provides a signal indicating a multiplicative inverse of a number between 1 and 2. The circuit receives a measured time for a wheel to move a fixed distance and factors the time as product a power of two and a factor between 1 and 2. An address signal indicating the factor is applied to the look-up table, and the look-up table provides a signal which indicates the inverse of the factor. The signal from the look-up table is then converted to the proper scale for the time. Factoring and conversion may be accomplished with logical shifts so that no multiplier is required.

Abstract: An anti-lock braking system includes three integrated circuits (an integrated voltage regulator and two different microcontrollers) which perform different functions but share the tasks of detecting malfunctions and shutting down the system when malfunctions are detected. The two different microcontrollers perform different functions, have different circuitry, and execute different software. Typically, a first microcontroller receives wheel sensor signals, calculates wheel velocities and accelerations, and operates mechanical devices which control braking. A second microcontroller executes the main anti-lock braking software and determines from the velocities and accelerations when brakes should be released. All of the integrated circuits monitor each other and the other elements of the anti-lock braking system to detect malfunctions. Multiple shut down methods are provided so that a single chip failure can be safely handled.

Abstract: A cassette having improved erasing means is disclosed. The cassette has a top and a base which define a front wall. The front wall defines an opening through which the tape passes on its way to a take-up reel mounted in the base. A magnet which is aligned in a horizontal orientation is mounted adjacent the opening. As the tape passes the magnet, the signals on the tape are erased. The magnet is moved out of its erase position to allow redubbing of the tape.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a normally open isolation valve is connected between a master cylinder and the selected wheel brakes, and a normally closed dump valve is connected between the selected wheel brakes and a fluid accumulator. A computer control module is connected to operate the isolation valve and the dump valve. In operation, when a slip condition of the controlled wheels is detected, the computer control module closes the isolation valve to hold fluid pressure to the controlled brakes at a relatively constant level. If the deceleration of the controlled wheels exceeds a predetermined amount, the computer control module will selectively open the dump valve to enable fluid to flow into the accumulator, thereby reducing the deceleration of the associated wheels.

Abstract: An electrophotographic printing machine in which a latent image is recorded on a photoconductive surface. The latent image is developed with charged, insulating marking particles and magnetic, polar or polarizable marking particles. The charged, insulating marking particles optimize development of low density lines in the latent image with the magnetic, polar or polarizable marking particles optimizing development of halftones in the latent image.

Abstract: A toner and development process involving electrostatic development without carrier is disclosed. The toner of the invention is effectively transferred from photoreceptors to plain paper after development. The toner is formed of a combination of an insulating toner and a conductive toner that are triboelectrically active with respect to each other.

Abstract: An improved dual polarity substitution circuit for energizing a secondary load, such as an incandescent lamp, upon failure of a primary load. Dual polarity is achieved through the use of parallel PNP and NPN transistors, one of which conducts so long as the primary load is functional. Upon failure of the primary load and interruption of current flow in the conducting one of the transistors, a bidirectional switch such as a triac is fired to energize the secondary load.

Abstract: Explosive compositions containing a polyurethane binder which will degrade pon contact with dilute mineral acids or aqueous ammonia.

Abstract: A skid control system which compares a current representative of wheel deceleration with an alterable reference current using an integrating comparator to control the brakes of a vehicle. The reference current has an initial value which represents a wheel deceleration indicative of an incipient skid condition and is increased to a substantially higher value after the current representative of wheel deceleration reaches the initial reference current value and is reduced to a very low value after a predetermined period of time. When the current representative of wheel deceleration exceeds the reference current by a predetermined degree as determined by the integrating comparator, the brakes are released. The brakes are reapplied after the current representative of wheel deceleration no longer exceeds the reference current at a time determined by the integrating comparator.

Abstract: A composite particle comprising a conductive portion and an insulating portion. The insulating portion is integral and contiguous with the conductive portion.

Abstract: A low cost skid control system is disclosed that incorporates a skid detector circuit for detecting a skid condition in combination with a hold capacitor ramp circuit that maintains the brake release signal beyond the termination of the skid signal from the output of the detector circuit when a severe skid condition is encountered. The level of charge on the hold capacitor ramp circuit is adapted to relate to the severity of the wheel speed departure from the approximated vehicle speed. In one embodiment, this is accomplished indirectly by providing a peak acceleration circuit which stores the maximum wheel acceleration value attained during wheel spin-up when brake pressure is relieved. The peak acceleration value is then utilized to vary the charge rate of the hold-on capacitor during the succeeding braking period.

Abstract: A toner and electrostatic development process involving electrostatic development without carrier is disclosed. The toner of the invention is effectively transferred from photoreceptors to plain paper after development. The toner is formed of a combination of an insulating toner and conductive toner that are not triboelectrically active with respect to each other.

Abstract: An apparatus for imagewise marking a photoconductive imaging surface includes a means for forming an imagewise non-uniform charge pattern on the surface and a means for contacting the surface with uncharged marking particles.