Abstract: A device for the high-speed analysis of photon- or particle-generated image data or for the high-speed energy-discrimination analysis of photon- or particle-counting data. A sensor collects the photons or particles on an array of solid state detectors, as electrical analog signals, and stores the analog-signal information on capacitors of readout arrays associated with the detector arrays. Image-related signals are transferred to integrated circuit chips containing an array of correction processor unit cells. Corrected signals are transferred to an analog image processor. Particle-counting data is transferred directly from the readout array chips to the analog image processor having circuitry for implementing an image processing or energy discrimination algorithm.

Abstract: A device for the high-speed analysis of photon- or particle-generated image data or for the high-speed energy-discrimination analysis of photon- or particle-counting data. A sensor collects the photons or particles on an array of solid state detectors, as electrical analog signals, and stores the analog-signal information on capacitors of readout arrays associated with the detector arrays. Image-related signals are transferred to integrated circuit chips containing an array of correction processor unit cells. Corrected signals are transferred to an analog image processor. Particle-counting data is transferred directly from the readout array chips to the analog image processor having circuitry for implementing an image processing or energy discrimination algorithm.

Abstract: A laser radar device for transmitting laser pulses, collecting the reflected data from surrounding objects, producing the three-dimensional time-dependent object representations and using these dynamic three-dimensional representations in avoiding collisions or minimizing damage resulting from collisions.

Abstract: A three dimensional imaging device is presented which uses a single pulse from a pulsed light source to detect objects which are obscured by camouflage, fog or smoke but otherwise enveloped by a light-transmitting medium. The device simultaneously operates in two modes, light reflected from the nearest object is processed to form a three-dimensional image by an array of pixels. This first image is based upon the light-pulse transit time recorded in each pixel. Each pixel also contains a high-speed analog memory that sequentially stores reflected signals at a repeated time interval. The first reflection acts as a time base that controls when the analog memory begins or ends the storage sequence. The first return could be from a camouflage net and the amplitudes of the return signals, after the first return, would then be from objects behind the net. Computer processing these amplitudes reveals the three-dimensional nature of the obscured objects.

Abstract: A device for the high-speed analysis of photon- or particle-generated image data or for the high-speed energy-discrimination analysis of photon- or particle-counting data. The device uses a sensor that collects the photons or particles on an array of solid state detectors, as electrical analog signals, and stores the analog-signal information on capacitors of readout arrays associated with the detector arrays. Integration of the photon or particle flux signals on the readout arrays proceeds for a given time frame and then image-related signals are transferred to an analog correction processor. The analog correction processor is comprised of one or more integrated circuit chips where each chip contains an array of correction processor unit cells. In these unit cells signals are corrected, in parallel, for gain and offset nonuniformities in the detection and processing chain. Corrections to all the signals are made in a time frame or less and the information is then transferred to an analog image processor.

Abstract: An energy dispersive x-ray and gamma-ray photon counter is described. The counter uses a photon sensor which incorporates a unique photocathode called Advanced Semiconductor Emitter Technology for X-rays (ASET-X) as its critical element for converting the detected photons to electrons which are emitted into a vacuum. The electrons are multiplied by accelerations and collisions creating a signal larger than the sensor noise and thus allowing the photon to be energy resolved very accurately, to within ionization statistics. Because the signal is already above the sensor noise it does not have to be noise filtered therefore allowing high-speed counting. The photon sensor can also be used as a device to visualize and image gamma-ray and x-ray sources.

Abstract: A three dimensional imaging device is presented which uses single pulse from a pulsed light source for detecting objects enveloped by a light-transmitting medium such as the earth's atmosphere or free space. By means of switching off a ramping voltage, individually for each object pixel, the time of arrival of the reflected pulse is recorded. This time is related to the third object dimension. The device consists of the pulsed light source, optics for collecting the reflected light, a sensor for detecting the light, drive and output electronics for timing and signal conditioning of data generated by the sensors and a computer for processing the sensor data and converting it to a three dimensional image. The sensor collects and processes the light data in a unique manner, using a hybrid. The hybrid is actually a two dimensional array of collectors or detectors combined in very close proximity with their own processing electronics.

Abstract: A device for the collection, digitization and analysis of synchrotron x-ray crystallographic data using an area detector which detects x-ray photons directly on arrays of solid state detectors and stores the information on capacitors located on readout unit cell array chips. The device consists of a two dimensional area detector, for amplification, collection and conversion of the diffracted x-rays to electrical signals, drive electronics for providing the timing pulses and biases to the area sensor, output electronics for converting the x-ray signals to digital signals and storing the signals, and a data processor to analyze the digital signal form the output electronics. The solid-state detector array is made up of a variable-area three-dimensional array of detector array chips where each chip is in turn made up of an array of solid-state detectors. Each detector on the detector array chip is electrically connected to a readout unit cell on a readout array chip directly beneath the detector array chip.

Abstract: A detector to be used for detecting photons from the visible to far infrared spectrum is described. The detector uses unique photocathodes called Advanced Semiconductor Emitter Technology (ASET) as its critical element for converting the detected photons to electrons which are emitted into a vacuum. The electron is multiplied by accelerations and collisions creating a signal larger than the sensor noise and thus allowing the photon to be detected. ASET is/composed of distinct detector and emitter technologies.

Abstract: A three dimensional imaging device and method is presented which uses a pulsed light source for detecting objects enveloped by a light-transmitting and light-reflecting and scattering medium such as water or biological tissues. By means of high-speed switching between many storage capacitors the third dimension is recorded by the device with a single pulse from the light-source. The device consists of the pulsed light source, optics for collecting the reflected and scattered light, one or more sensors for detecting the light, drive and output electronics for timing and signal conditioning of data generated by the sensors and processing electronics and software for converting the sensor data to a three dimensional image. The sensors use known technologies for light amplification but collect and process the light-amplified data in a unique manner, using an analog-processing readout chip.

Abstract: A device for the collection, digitization and analysis of synchrotron x-ray crystallographic data using an area detector which detects x-ray photons directly on arrays of solid state detectors and stores the information on capacitors located on readout unit cell array chips. The device consists of a two dimensional area detector, for amplification, collection and conversion of the diffracted x-rays to electrical signals, drive electronics for providing the timing pulses and biases to the area sensor, output electronics for converting the x-ray signals to digital signals and storing the signals, and a data processor to analyze the digital signal form the output electronics. The solid-state detector array is made up of a variable-area three-dimensional array of detector array chips where each chip is in turn made up of an array of solid-state detectors. Each detector on the detector array chip is electrically connected to a readout unit cell on a readout array chip directly beneath the detector array chip.

Abstract: A real-time autoradiographic digital imager for accurately quantifying the spatial distribution of radio pharmaceuticals in tissue samples having a sensor for converting the energy of radionuclide particles to an electrical signal, external off-chip electronics for sensor timing and signal conditioning, a computer for data processing and image display and a high voltage supply to support the sensor operations. The sensor has a scintillator or phosphor for converting particle energy to lower energy photons, a microchannel plate high-resolution-amplifier for amplifying the photon signal, and a readout chip structure for converting the photon signal to an electrical signal. The readout chip structure consists of a detector array for converting the photons to an electrical charge, and a readout array for storing the data and providing the data, with low noise, to the output portion of the external electronics.

Abstract: A three dimensional imaging device and method is presented which uses a pulsed light source for detecting objects enveloped by a light-transmitting and light-reflecting and scattering medium such as water or biological tissues. By means of high-speed switching between many storage capacitors the third dimension is recorded by the device with a single pulse from the light-source. The device consists of the pulsed light source, optics for collecting the reflected and scattered light, one or more sensors for detecting the light, drive and output electronics for timing and signal conditioning of data generated by the sensors and processing electronics and software for converting the sensor data to a three dimensional image. The sensors use known technologies for light amplification but collect and process the light-amplified data in a unique manner, using an analog-processing readout chip.

Abstract: A high resolution high-energy x-ray digital imager suitable for patient x-ray diagnosis and the location of bony landmarks in high energy radiation therapy. The imager employs an array of sensor chips which need not lie in a plane in order to provide overlap of non-active components and direct readout (non - CCD) signal processing electronics incorporating a switched capacitor per detector readout to sense a short x-ray pulse. The switching prevents dark current from discharging sensing capacitors and corrupting the data signal.

Abstract: A high spatial resolution gamma ray detector employs layers of scintillators, microchannel photomultipliers and sensors arrays of anodes to provide real time imaging of nuclear sources. Specific embodiments include a camera for detecting nuclear weapons within opaque containers and a device for discriminating exoatmospheric reentry vehicles from decoys.