Abstract: The present invention relates to the use in washing and cleaning agents of one or a plurality of polyesters which can be obtained by polymerisation of a) terephthalic acid dimethyl ester, and b) ethylene glycol, and c) 1,2-propylene glycol, and d) one or a plurality of polyethylene glycols with mass-average molecular weights in the range from 1000 to 2000 g/mol, and e) a methyl polyethylene glycol with a mass-average molecular weight in the range from 1050 to 1350 g/mol, f) either in the presence of or in the absence of one or a plurality of cross-linking compounds with 3 to 6 polycondensation-capable functions. The polyesters are particularly suited for use in the washing and cleaning agents as dispersants or as soil release polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a comb polymer made of a polymer main chain and polyester side chains linked to said polymer main chain via ester groups, characterized in that (i) the polymer main chain is a polycarbolic acid or a copolymer polycarbolic acid (A), (ii) the polyester side chains comprises the components (B1) C8-dicarbolic acids, optionally sulfonated, (B2) dioles and/or polyolethers having 2 OH groups, and (C) non-ionic terminal groups of the formula -0-(AO)xR, where A means ethylene, propylene, or butylene, x is a number from 1 to 100, and R is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 30 C atoms; (iii) the total percent by mass of the polyester side chains B1+B2+C is 80 to 99.9%, relative to the total mass of the comb polymer; (iv) the polyester side chains are obtained from an esterification reaction of the components B1, B2, and C at a mass ratio B1+B2/C of 2:1 to 100:1.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polyesters for increasing the surface tension and improving the hydrophilic behavior of hydrophobic surfaces, wherein said polyesters are obtainable by polymerization of a) one or more unsulfonated aromatic dicarboxylic acids and/or salts thereof and/or anhydrides thereof and/or esters thereof, and b) ethylene glycol, c) 1,2-propylene glycol, and d) one or more polyalkylene glycols, and e) one or more compounds of formula (1) R1O(CHR2CHR3O)nH??(1) where R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group of 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, R2 and R3 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen and/or methyl, and n is from 1 to 50, f) in the presence or absence of one or more crosslinking compounds having 3 to 6 functions capable of polycondensation, especially acid, alcohol or ester functions, with the proviso that said components d) are used in weight quantities <80%, based on the weight qu

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alkaline amides or imides of ethylenically unsaturated C3 to C6 carboxylic acids by reacting amines that contain at least one primary and/or secondary amino group and at least one tertiary amino group with ethylenically unsaturated C3 to C6 carboxlic acids to form an ammonium salt and said ammonium salt is subsequently converted into the alkaline amide or imide by means of microwave radiation, with the proviso that the primary and/or secondary amino group is devoid of alkoxy groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for producing esters, in which at least one polyol ester of formula (I) (R1—COO)mR2 (I), where R1 represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 50 carbon atoms, R2 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and m represents a number from 2 to 10 and is smaller than or equal to the number of carbon atoms in R2, is reacted with at least one monohydric alcohol of formula (II) R3—OH (II), where R3 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 30 C atoms, using microwave radiation in a reaction tube, the longitudinal axis of which extends in the direction of propagation of the microwaves of a single-mode microwave applicator, so as to obtain at least one ester of formula (III) R1—COO—R3 (III), where R1 and R3 have the meanings indicated above.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for continuously carrying out chemical reactions. The device comprises a microwave generator, a microwave applicator accommodating a microwave-transparent tube, and an isothermal reaction section which is arranged such that the material to be reacted is guided inside the microwave-transparent tube through a microwave applicator which is used as the heating zone and in which it is heated to reaction temperature by means of microwaves that are emitted from the microwave generator into the microwave applicator. The material to be reacted, which is heated and optionally under pressure, is transferred from the microwave applicator to an isothermal reaction zone once it has left the heating zone, said reaction zone being arranged downstream of the heating zone, and is cooled once it has left the isothermal reaction zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for producing fatty acid amides, according to which at least one fatty acid of formula (I), R3—COOH??(I) wherein R3 is an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, is reacted with at least one amine of formula (II), HNR1R2??(II) wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical comprising between 1 and 100 C atoms, to form an ammonium salt, and said ammonium salt is then reacted to form a fatty acid amide, under microwave irradiation in a reaction pipe, the longitudinal axis of the pipe being oriented in the direction of propagation of the microwaves of a monomode microwave applicator.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous polyester concentrate having a proportion by weight of polyesters of 12 to 60%, wherein the polyesters are obtainable by means of polymerization of the components selected from a) one or more sulfo group-free aromatic dicarboxylic acids and/or salts thereof and/or anhydrides thereof and/or esters thereof, b) optionally one or more sulfo group-containing dicarboxylic acids, salts thereof and/or anhydrides thereof and/or esters thereof, c) 1,2-propylene glycol, d) ethylene glycol, e) one or more compounds of the formula (1) R1O(CHR2CHR3O)nH (1), where R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having from 1 to 22 C atoms, R2 and R3, independently of one another, are hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of from 1 to 50, f) optionally one or more compounds of the formula (2) H—(OCH2CH2)m—SO3X (2), where m is an integer of from 1 to 10 and X is hydrogen or an alkali metal ion, and g) optionally one or more cross-li

Abstract: The invention relates to polyesters, obtainable by means of polymerization of the components including (a) one or more sulfo group-free aromatic dicarboxylic acids and/or salts thereof and/or anhydrides thereof and/or esters thereof, b) optionally one or more sulfo group-containing dicarboxylic acids, salts thereof and/or anhydrides thereof and/or esters thereof, c) 1,2-propylene glycol, d) ethylene glycol, e) one or more compounds of the formula (1) R1O(CHR2CHR3O)nH (1), where R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having from 1 to 22 C atoms, R2 and R3, independently of one another, are hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and N is an integer of from 1 to 50, f) optionally one or more compounds of the formula (2) H—(OCH2CH2)m—SO3X (2), in which m is an integer from 1 to 10 and X is hydrogen or an alkali metal ion, and g); optionally one or more crosslinking polyfunctional compounds, provided that at least one of the components b) or f) is present, and provide

Abstract: The invention relates to polymers carrying ester/hydroxyl groups, containing repetitive structural units of formulae (I) and (II) in a block-wise, alternating or statistical sequence, wherein D represents a direct bond between the polymer backbone and the hydroxyl group, a C1- to C6-alkene group, a C5- to C12-arylene group, an oxyalkene group of formula —O—R2—, an ester group of formula —C(O)—O—R2— or an amide group of formula —C(O)—N(R3)R2—, E represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 C-atoms, R2 represents a C2- to C10-alkene group, R3 represents hydrogen or a C1- to C10-alkyl group, which can carry substituents, k represents a number between 1 and 1000, n represents a number from 0 to 4999, m represents a number from 1 to 5000, and n+m represents a number between 10 to 5000, under the proviso that a) the molar portion of the structural units (I); on the polymer is between 0 and 99.9 mol-%, and b) the molar portion of the structural units (II) on the polymer is between 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reacting synthetic poly(carboxylic acids) (A), containing at least 10 repetitive structural units of formula (I), wherein R9 represents hydrogen, a C1 to C4-alkyl group or a group of formula —CH2—COOH, R19 represents hydrogen or a C1 to C4-alkyl group, R11 represents hydrogen, a C1 to C4 alkyl group or —COOH or with amines (B) of general formula (II) HNR1R2 (II), wherein R1represents a hydrocarbon group having 3 to 50 C atoms, which can be substituted or can contain heteroatoms, and R2 represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 C atoms, which can be substituted or can contain heteroatoms, or R1 and R2 together form a ring with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound. According to the invention, a reaction mixture containing at least one synthetic poly(carboxylic acid) (A) and at least one amine of formula (II) in a solvent mixture which contains water, and with respect to the weight of the solvent mixture, 0.1-75 wt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reacting polymers (A) comprising hydroxyl groups and which have repetitive structural units of general formula (I), wherein D represents a direct bond between the polymer backbone and a hydroxyl group, a C1- to C6-alkene group, a C5- to C12-arylene group, an oxyalkylene group of formula —O—R2—, an ester group of formula —C(O)—O—R2— or an amide group of formula —C(O)—N(R8)R2—, R2 represents a C2- to C10-alkene group, R8 represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted C2- to C10-alkyl group and n represents a number between 3 and 5000, with carboxylic acids B1) of formula (II) or carboxylic acid esters B2) of formula (III) R1—COOH (II) R1—COOR7 (III), wherein R1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 50 C atoms, and R7 represents a C1C4-alkyl group, in which the polymers (A); comprising the hydroxyl groups are exposed to microwaves in the presence of carboxylic acids of formula (II) or carboxylic acid esters of formula (III) and in the presence of water.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymers comprising ester/hydroxyl groups, containing repetitive structural units of formulae (I) and (II) in blocks, alternating, or random sequence wherein D represents a direct bond between the polymer backbone and the hydroxyl group, a C1- to C6-alkylene group, a C5- to C12-arylene group, a oxyalkylene group of formula —O—R2—, an ester group of formula —C(O)—O—R2— or an amide group of formula —C(O)—N(R3)R2—, E represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 C-atoms, R1 represents hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 C-atoms or an acyl group of formula —C(O)—R4, R2 represents a C2- to C10-alkylene group, R3 represents hydrogen or a C1- to C10-alkyl group, which can have substituents, R4 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 C-atoms, A represents a C2- to C10-alkylene group, k represents a number between 1 and 100, n represents a number from 0 to 4999, m represents a number from 1 to 5000, n+m for a number from 10 to 5000, under the proviso that a) the molar fraction o

Abstract: The invention accordingly provides a continuous process for reacting synthetic poly(carboxylic acid)s (A) containing, per polymer chain, at least 10 structural repeat units of formula (I) where R1 is hydrogen, a C1- to C4-alkyl group or a group of formula —COOH, R2 is hydrogen or a C1- to C4-alkyl group, and R3 is hydrogen, a C1- to C4-alkyl group or —COOH, with alcohols (B) of general formula (II) R4—(OH)n??(II) where R4 is a hydrocarbyl radical of 1 to 100 carbon atoms which may be substituted or which may contain hetero atoms, and n is a number from 1 to 10 by a reaction mixture containing at least one synthetic poly(carboxylic acid) (A) and at least one alcohol of formula (II) in a solvent mixture containing water and, based on the weight of the solvent mixture, 0.1-75% by weight of at least one water-miscible organic solvent, and wherein the organic solvent has a dielectric constant of at least 10 when measured at 25° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous polyester concentrate having a proportion by weight of polyesters of 12 to 60%, wherein the polyesters are obtainable by means of polymerisation of the components selected from a) one or more sulfo group-free aromatic dicarboxylic acids and/or salts thereof and/or anhydrides thereof and/or esters thereof, b) optionally one or more sulfo group-containing dicarboxylic acids, salts thereof and/or anhydrides thereof and/or esters thereof, c) 1,2-propylene glycol, d) ethylene glycol, e) one or more compounds of the formula (1) R1O(CHR2CHR3O)nH (1), where R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having from 1 to 22 C atoms, R2 and R3, independently of one another, are hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of from 1 to 50, f) optionally one or more compounds of the formula (2) H—(OCH2CH2)m—SO3X (2), where m is an integer of from 1 to 10 and X is hydrogen or an alkali metal ion, and g) optionally one or more cross-li

Abstract: The invention relates to colored polyester in solid form, characterized in that the colored polyester is obtained by polymerizing components comprising a) one or more aromatic dicarbolic acids having no sulfogroups and/or the salts thereof and/or the anhydrides thereof and/or the esters thereof, b) optionally one or more dicarbolic acids having sulfogroups and/or the salts thereof and/or the anhydrides thereof and/or the esters thereof, c) one or more dioles, d) optionally one or more compounds of the formula (1) R1O(CHR2CHR3O)nH??(1) where R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 22 C atoms, R2 and R3 are, independent of each other, hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is a number from 1 to 50, e) optionally one or more compounds of the formula (2) H—(OCHR2CHR3)m—SO3X??(2) where R2 and R3 are, independent of each other, hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and m is a number from 1 to 10, and X is hydrogen or an alkali metal i

Abstract: The invention relates to polyesters, obtainable by means of polymerisation of the components including (a) one or more sulfo group-free aromatic dicarboxylic acids and/or salts thereof and/or anhydrides thereof and/or esters thereof, b) optionally one or more sulfo group-containing dicarboxylic acids, salts thereof and/or anhydrides thereof and/or esters thereof, c) 1,2-propylene glycol, d) ethylene glycol, e) one or more compounds of the formula (1) R1O(CHR2CHR3O)nH (1), where R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having from 1 to 22 C atoms, R2 and R3, independently of one another, are hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and N is an integer of from 1 to 50, f) optionally one or more compounds of the formula (2) H—(OCH2CH2)m—SO3X (2), in which m is an integer from 1 to 10 and X is hydrogen or an alkali metal ion, and g); optionally one or more cross-linking polyfunctional compounds, provided that at least one of the components b) or f) is present, and provid

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for producing esters, in which at least one polyol ester of formula (I) (R1—COO)mR2 (I), where R1 represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 50 carbon atoms, R2 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and m represents a number from 2 to 10 and is smaller than or equal to the number of carbon atoms in R2, is reacted with at least one monohydric alcohol of formula (II) R3—OH (II), where R3 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 30 C atoms, using microwave radiation in a reaction tube, the longitudinal axis of which extends in the direction of propagation of the microwaves of a single-mode microwave applicator, so as to obtain at least one ester of formula (III) R1—COO—R3 (III), where R1 and R3 have the meanings indicated above.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for continuously carrying out heterogeneously catalyzed chemical reactions, comprising a microwave-transparent tube, the longitudinal axis of which extends in the direction of propagation of the microwaves of a single-mode microwave applicator and which is filled with an open-cell foam that carries or is made of catalytically active species.

Abstract: The invention provides surfactant-containing cosmetic, dermatological, and pharmaceutical agents comprising at least one water-soluble or water-swellable copolymer obtainable by free-radical copolymerization of A) acryloyldimethyltaurine and/or acryloyldimethyltaurates, B) if desired, one or more further olefinically unsaturated, noncationic comonomers, C) if desired, one or more olefinically unsaturated, cationic comonomers, D) if desired, a silicon-containing component(s), E) if desired, a fluorine-containing component(s), F) if desired, one or more macromonomers, G) the copolymerization taking place if desired in the presence of at least one polymeric additive, H) with the proviso that component A) is copolymerized with at least one component selected from one of the groups D) to G).