Abstract: Provided is a method of making ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) comprising the steps: (a) providing a reaction mixture (a) comprising ethylenediamine (EDA) and glycolonitrile (GN), wherein reaction mixture (a) comprises 0% to 0.1% by weight, based on the weight of reaction mixture (a), of any base having pKa of the conjugate acid (PKaH) of 13 or higher; (b) causing or allowing reaction mixture (a) to react to form a dinitrile (DN) compound; (c) bringing the DN into contact with aqueous solution of a base having pKaH of 11 or higher, and causing or allowing the resulting mixture to react to form a diacid compound (DA); (d) causing or allowing the DA to react, either sequentially or simultaneously, with additional GN to form products (Pd); (e) causing or allowing products (Pd) to react with a base having pKaH of 11 or higher, to form EDTA.

Abstract: Apparatuses that provide for secure wireless communications between wireless devices under cover of one or more jamming signals. Each such apparatus includes at least one data antenna and at least one jamming antenna. During secure-communications operations, the apparatus transmits a data signal containing desired data via the at least one data antenna while also at least partially simultaneously transmitting a jamming signal via the at least one jamming antenna. When a target antenna of a target device is in close proximity to the data antenna and is closer to the data antenna than to the jamming antenna, the target device can successfully receive the desired data contained in the data signal because the data signal is sufficiently stronger than the jamming signal within a finite secure-communications envelope due to the Inverse Square Law of signal propagation. Various related methods and machine-executable instructions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A single-antenna device includes a single antenna, at least one processor, and at least one memory. The single-antenna device is operable to receive a signal including at least one frame. Each of said frame includes a repeating portion. The single-antenna device determines a difference of phase and amplitude of the repeating portion and further determines whether the signal is transmitted from a trusted source based at least in part on the difference of phase and amplitude of the repeating portion.

Abstract: Apparatus and method securely transfer first data from a source device to a target device. A wireless signal having (a) a higher speed channel conveying second data and (b) a lower speed channel conveying the first data is transmitted. The lower speed channel is formed by selectively transmitting the wireless signal from one of a first and second antennae of the source device based upon the first data. The first and second antenna are positioned a fixed distance apart and the target device uses a received signal strength indication (RSSI) of the first signal to decode the lower speed channel and receive the first data.

Abstract: A system and method for authenticating users of a digital device includes an authentication device attached to an authorized user. The authentication device includes one or more motion sensors and acts as a user identity token. To authenticate with a digital device, the user performs one or more interactions with the digital device using the hand associated with the authentication device. The digital device correlates the inputs received due to the interactions with the user's hand and/or wrist movement, as measured by the authentication device. Access to the digital device is allowed if the inputs and movements are correlated.

Abstract: Provided is a method of making ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) comprising the steps: (a) providing a reaction mixture (a) comprising ethylenediamine (EDA) and glycolonitrile (GN), wherein reaction mixture (a) comprises 0% to 0.1% by weight, based on the weight of reaction mixture (a), of any base having pKa of the conjugate acid (PKaH) of 13 or higher; (b) causing or allowing reaction mixture (a) to react to form a dinitrile (DN) compound; (c) bringing the DN into contact with aqueous solution of a base having pKaH of 11 or higher, and causing or allowing the resulting mixture to react to form a diacid compound (DA); (d) causing or allowing the DA to react, either sequentially or simultaneously, with additional GN to form products (Pd); (e) causing or allowing products (Pd) to react with a base having pKaH of 11 or higher, to form EDTA.

Abstract: Apparatuses that provide for secure wireless communications between wireless devices under cover of one or more jamming signals. Each such apparatus includes at least one data antenna and at least one jamming antenna. During secure-communications operations, the apparatus transmits a data signal containing desired data via the at least one data antenna while also at least partially simultaneously transmitting a jamming signal via the at least one jamming antenna. When a target antenna of a target device is in close proximity to the data antenna and is closer to the data antenna than to the jamming antenna, the target device can successfully receive the desired data contained in the data signal because the data signal is sufficiently stronger than the jamming signal within a finite secure-communications envelope due to the Inverse Square Law of signal propagation. Various related methods and machine-executable instructions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatuses that provide for secure wireless communications between wireless devices under cover of one or more jamming signals. Each such apparatus includes at least one data antenna and at least one jamming antenna. During secure-communications operations, the apparatus transmits a data signal containing desired data via the at least one data antenna while also at least partially simultaneously transmitting a jamming signal via the at least one jamming antenna. When a target antenna of a target device is in close proximity to the data antenna and is closer to the data antenna than to the jamming antenna, the target device can successfully receive the desired data contained in the data signal because the data signal is sufficiently stronger than the jamming signal within a finite secure-communications envelope due to the Inverse Square Law of signal propagation. Various related methods and machine-executable instructions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for authenticating users of a digital device includes an authentication device attached to an authorized user. The authentication device includes one or more motion sensors and acts as a user identity token. To authenticate with a digital device, the user performs one or more interactions with the digital device using the hand associated with the authentication device. The digital device correlates the inputs received due to the interactions with the user's hand and/or wrist movement, as measured by the authentication device. Access to the digital device is allowed if the inputs and movements are correlated.

Abstract: A single-antenna device includes a single antenna, at least one processor, and at least one memory. The single-antenna device is operable to receive a signal including at least one frame. Each of said frame includes a repeating portion. The single-antenna device determines a difference of phase and amplitude of the repeating portion and further determines whether the signal is transmitted from a trusted source based at least in part on the difference of phase and amplitude of the repeating portion.

Abstract: Apparatuses that provide for secure wireless communications between wireless devices under cover of one or more jamming signals. Each such apparatus includes at least one data antenna and at least one jamming antenna. During secure-communications operations, the apparatus transmits a data signal containing desired data via the at least one data antenna while also at least partially simultaneously transmitting a jamming signal via the at least one jamming antenna. When a target antenna of a target device is in close proximity to the data antenna and is closer to the data antenna than to the jamming antenna, the target device can successfully receive the desired data contained in the data signal because the data signal is sufficiently stronger than the jamming signal within a finite secure-communications envelope due to the Inverse Square Law of signal propagation. Various related methods and machine-executable instructions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and method securely transfer first data from a source device to a target device. A wireless signal having (a) a higher speed channel conveying second data and (b) a lower speed channel conveying the first data is transmitted. The lower speed channel is formed by selectively transmitting the wireless signal from one of a first and second antennae of the source device based upon the first data. The first and second antenna are positioned a fixed distance apart and the target device uses a received signal strength indication (RSSI) of the first signal to decode the lower speed channel and receive the first data.

Abstract: A system has a first electronic device with optical sensor, digital radio transceiver, and processor with firmware; this device is typically portable or wearable. The system also has a computerized device with a display, a second digital radio transceiver, and a second processor with firmware. The first and computerized devices are configured to set up a digital radio link when in radio range. The second processor uses a spot on the display to optically transmit a digital message including a secret such as an encryption key or subkey and/or an authentication code adapted for authenticating an encrypting the radio link. The first device receives the digital message via its optical sensor, and uses the digital message to validate and establish encryption on the radio link. In embodiments, the system determines a location of the first device on the display and positions the transmission spot at the determined location.

Abstract: Apparatus and method securely transfer first data from a source device to a target device. A wireless signal having (a) a higher speed channel conveying second data and (b) a lower speed channel conveying the first data is transmitted. The lower speed channel is formed by selectively transmitting the wireless signal from one of a first and second antennae of the source device based upon the first data. The first and second antenna are positioned a fixed distance apart and the target device uses a received signal strength indication (RSSI) of the first signal to decode the lower speed channel and receive the first data.

Abstract: Apparatus and method securely transfer first data from a source device to a target device. A wireless signal having (a) a higher speed channel conveying second data and (b) a lower speed channel conveying the first data is transmitted. The lower speed channel is formed by selectively transmitting the wireless signal from one of a first and second antennae of the source device based upon the first data. The first and second antenna are positioned a fixed distance apart and the target device uses a received signal strength indication (RSSI) of the first signal to decode the lower speed channel and receive the first data.

Abstract: A technique performs a security operation. The technique includes receiving first activity data from a mobile device, the first activity data identifying activity by a user that is currently using the mobile device. The technique further includes receiving second activity data from an electronic wearable apparatus, the second activity data identifying physical activity by a wearer that is currently wearing the electronic wearable apparatus. The technique further includes, based on the first activity data received from the mobile device and the second activity data received from the electronic wearable apparatus, performing an assessment operation that provides an assessment result indicating whether the user that is currently using the mobile device and the wearer that is currently wearing the electronic wearable apparatus are the same person. With such a technique, authentication may be continuous but without burdening the user to repeatedly re-enter a password.

Abstract: A wearable master electronic device (Amulet) has a processor with memory, the processor coupled to a body-area network (BAN) radio and uplink radio. The device has firmware for BAN communications with wearable nodes to receive data, and in an embodiment, send configuration data. The device has firmware for using the uplink radio to download apps and configurations, and upload data to a server. An embodiment has accelerometers in Amulet and wearable node, and firmware for using accelerometer readings to determine if node and Amulet are worn by the same subject. Other embodiments use pulse sensors or microphones in the Amulet and node to both identify a subject and verify the Amulet and node are worn by the same subject. Another embodiment uses a bioimpedance sensor to identify the subject. The wearable node may be an insulin pump, chemotherapy pump, TENS unit, cardiac monitor, or other device.

Abstract: A network operations center (NOC) that displays computer identification information obtained from user devices that are connected to, but not authorized to use, the computer network. The computer identification information typically includes a computer name, IP address, MAC address, location, or failed registration attempt time. The NOC receives full or partial computer identification information obtained during a trouble call and identifies the corresponding computer identification information for pre-authorization user devices connected to the network. This allows the network administrator to identify the user's device on the network and authorize the user's device to receive Internet access without having to receive and enter complete computer identification information, such as the full MAC address for the device. As a result, the trouble calls are resolved quickly with a minimal amount of information from the user.

Abstract: A system and method for authenticating and continuously verifying authorized users of a digital device includes an authentication device attached to an arm or wrist of authorized users. The authentication device has an accelerometer, digital radio, a processor configured to provide identity information over the radio, and to transmit motion data. The motion data is received by the digital device and the identity transmitted is verified as an identity associated with an authorized user. Input at a touchscreen, touchpad, mouse, trackball, or keyboard of the digital device is detected, and correlated with the motion data. Access to the digital device is allowed if the detected input and the detected motion data correlate, and disallowed otherwise.