Abstract: An electroluminescent (EL) device having an LED formed on a substrate with at least two electrodes formed over the substrate, and an EL unit formed between the electrodes. At least one of the electrodes is transparent. At least one of the electrodes is patterned to define independently controllable light-emitting areas. A cover is formed over the LED. The cover or substrate is transparent. A light-scattering layer is formed between the cover and substrate for scattering light. A low-index element, having an optical index lower than other optical indices, is formed between the scattering layer and the transparent cover or substrate. Additionally, a contrast-enhancement layer includes alternating light-absorbing portions and light-transmissive portions formed in the layer located between the light-scattering layer and the transparent substrate or cover through which light is emitted, wherein the light-absorbing portions and light-transmissive portions are located in each light-emitting area.

Abstract: A method for the correction of average brightness or brightness uniformity variations in electroluminescent (EL) displays comprising: a) providing an EL display having one or more light-emitting elements responsive to a multi-valued input signal for causing the light-emitting elements to emit light at a plurality of brightness levels; b) measuring the brightness of each light-emitting element at two or more, but fewer than all possible, different input signal values; c) employing the measured brightness values to estimate a maximum input signal value at which the light-emitting element will not emit more than a predefined minimum brightness and the rate at which the brightness of the light-emitting element increases above the predefined minimum brightness in response to increases in the value of the input signal; and d) using the estimated maximum input signal value at which the light-emitting element will not emit light more than the predefined minimum brightness and the rate at which the brightness of the l

Abstract: A fiber optic faceplate fabricated using a series of stacked ribbon structures. Each ribbon structure comprises optical fiber segments that run from an input edge to an output edge with fixed input and output fiber-to-fiber spacing. Input and output edge spacers may be used to provide spacing between stacked ribbon structures. Ribbon structures may be provided individually or as one or more sheets of ribbon structures.

Abstract: A method of driving a display having a plurality of light-emitting elements that change with time or use, comprising the steps of: a) receiving and displaying a first image signal and storing an attribute of the first image signal; b) receiving and displaying a subsequent second image signal; c) comparing a corresponding image attribute of the subsequent second image signal to the stored first image attribute to form a subsequent second image difference signal; d) displaying a screen saver image signal when the subsequent second image difference signal does not exceed a first limit; e) receiving a plurality of subsequent third image signals while the screen saver image signal is being displayed; f) comparing corresponding image attributes of the subsequent third image signals to the stored first image attribute to form a corresponding plurality of subsequent third image difference signals; and g) displaying a third image signal only when more than one subsequent third image difference signals exceed a second

Abstract: A method of driving a display having a plurality of light-emitting elements that change with time or use, comprising the steps of: a) displaying a first image signal having spatially distributed pixels divided into a plurality of groups, each pixel group comprising more than one spatially neighboring pixel, and forming and storing one or more first image signal group attributes for each of the plurality of pixel groups; b) displaying a subsequent second image signal having spatially distributed pixels divided into the plurality of groups and forming one or more subsequent second image signal group attributes for each of the plurality of pixel groups; and c) comparing the subsequent second group attributes and the stored first group attributes to form at least one group difference value for each pixel group, comparing the group difference values to at least one predetermined metric to form at least one pixel group dynamic value, combining the group dynamic values, and if the combined group dynamic values are f

Abstract: A full color display system comprised of: a) a display which is formed from a two-dimensional array of three or more differently colored light-emitting elements arranged in a repeating pattern forming a first number of full-color two-dimensional groups of light-emitting elements, each full-color group of light-emitting elements being formed by more than one luma-chroma sub-group of light-emitting elements, wherein the display has a peak white luminance and each luma-chroma sub-group comprising at least one distinct high-luminance light-emitting element having a peak output luminance value that is 40 percent or greater of the peak white luminance of the display device; and b) a processor for providing a signal to drive the display by receiving a three-or-more color input image signal, which specifies three-or-more color image values at each of a two-dimensional number of sampled addressable spatial locations within an image to be displayed; wherein the processor dynamically forms re-sampling functions for imag

Abstract: A full color electro-luminescent display system, comprising: a display device comprised of a plurality of red, green, blue light-emitting elements and at least one additional color of light-emitting element having luminance efficiency greater than at least one of the red, green and blue light-emitting elements, wherein the light-emitting elements are laid out over a substrate in adjacent columns arranged along a first dimension and adjacent rows arranged along a second dimension, such that each pair of adjacent columns of light-emitting elements, and each row of light-emitting elements, contain each of the red, green, blue and additional color light-emitting elements; and a controller for receiving an input signal for an input image having a two-dimensional spatial content including edge boundaries between first and second regions of the input image and driving the display, the controller being responsive to the two-dimensional spatial content of the input image and increasing apparent display resolution whil

Abstract: A full-color display system having improved apparent resolution comprising: a display formed from an array of full-color groups of light-emitting elements each comprising more than one luma-chroma sub-group of light-emitting elements; and a processor for receiving a full color input image signal that specifies full color image values at each of a two-dimensional number of sampled addressable spatial locations within an image to be displayed, for providing a full color image signal with image signal values corresponding to the spatial location of each luma-chroma sub-group, for computing a control signal representing the relative values, or difference between values, for the image signal values corresponding to each luma-chroma sub-group and at least one of each luma-chroma sub-group's neighbors, and for rendering a signal for driving each light-emitting element within each luma-chroma sub-group of light-emitting elements as a function of the values for the image signal corresponding to each luma-chroma sub-gr

Abstract: A method for displaying an image on a display device having defective light-emitting elements, comprising the steps of: a) providing a display having a plurality of light-emitting elements, comprising at least one light-emitting element that is defective and additional light-emitting elements; b) providing a plurality of distinct image-content dependent defect-masking compensation computations, at least one of which includes the step of selectively modifying the light output of an additional light-emitting element; c) analyzing an input image signal to determine a preferred defect-masking compensation computation for driving additional light-emitting elements in the vicinity of the defective light-emitting element; d) compensating the input image signal with the determined preferred defect-masking compensation computation; and e) driving the light-emitting elements of the display to display a defect-masked compensated image.

Abstract: A method for rendering a full-color image onto an image display device, comprising the steps of: a) obtaining a full-color input image signal representing three or more spatially coincident color values at a plurality of different spatial locations in a two-dimensional image array; b) providing a display having a plurality of at least two colors of spatially distinct light-emitting elements arranged within a two-dimensional display array; c) providing a plurality of different rendering computations, each rendering computation capable of computing a different display drive signal value for each of the plurality of light-emitting elements depending on the color values of the full-color input image signal at two or more different spatial locations and depending on differences in the color, location, or number of light-emitting elements in the display array relative to the color, location or number of color values in the image array; d) analyzing the spatial content of the full-color input image signal to select

Abstract: A multi-layer composite electrode for a light-emitting device, comprising: a transparent, conductive layer; a reflective, conductive layer in electrical contact with the transparent, conductive layer; and a light-scattering layer formed between the transparent, conductive layer and the reflective, conductive layer over only a first portion of the transparent, conductive layer, wherein the light-scattering layer is relatively less conductive than the reflective, conductive layer and the reflective, conductive layer is in electrical contact with the transparent, conductive layer over a second portion of the transparent, conductive layer where the light-scattering layer is not formed. Also disclosed is a method of making such a multi-layer composite electrode in a light emitting device, and an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device comprising such a composite electrode.

Abstract: A bottom-emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device, comprising: a transparent substrate; an optical isolation cavity formed over the substrate having a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the substrate; a transparent electrode formed over the optical isolation cavity; one or more layers of organic light-emitting material formed over the transparent electrode; a second electrode formed over the one or more layers of organic light-emitting material; and a light-scattering layer formed over the optical isolation cavity; wherein the transparent electrode or a second layer formed between the optical isolation cavity and the transparent electrode comprises one or more openings leading to the optical isolation cavity, and the cavity is formed by etching a sacrificial layer deposited between the substrate and the transparent electrode or the second layer through the one or more openings.

Abstract: A top-emitting OLED device, comprising: one or more OLEDs formed on a substrate; a light-scattering layer formed over the one or more OLEDs; a transparent cover; one or more color filters formed on the transparent cover; a color-conversion material layer formed over the color filters, or formed over or integral with the light-scattering layer; wherein the substrate is aligned and affixed to the transparent cover so that the locations of the color filters and color conversion material correspond to the location of the OLEDs, and the color-conversion material layer, color filters, and the light-scattering layer are between the cover and substrate, and a low-index gap is formed between the light-scattering layer and the color filters, with no light-scattering layer being positioned between the color conversion material layer and the low-index gap.

Abstract: A top-emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device, comprising: a substrate; an OLED comprising a reflective electrode formed on the substrate; one-or-more layers of organic light-emitting material formed over the reflective electrode; and a transparent electrode formed over the one-or-more layers of organic light-emitting material; a light-scattering layer having a rough surface formed over and in contact with the OLED, a cover affixed to the substrate forming a gap between the cover and the light scattering layer; and wherein the gap is a vacuum or the gap is filled with a relatively low-refractive index gas and the light-scattering layer comprises a plurality of relatively high-refractive index light-scattering transparent particles projecting into the gap without contacting the cover and further comprising an adhesive binder in contact with at least some of the light-scattering particles to adhere the light-scattering particles to the OLED.

Abstract: A light-scattering color-conversion material layer having two sides, comprising first light-scattering particles intermixed with second different color-conversion material particles, wherein the concentration of the light scattering particles is greater towards a first side of the layer relative to the concentration of light-scattering particles towards the opposite side of the layer, and/or wherein the concentration of the color-conversion material particles is less towards the first side of the layer relative to the concentration of color-conversion material particles towards the opposite side of the layer. A method of making such a light-scattering color-conversion material layer is also described, and light emitting devices comprising one or more EL elements formed on a substrate and such a light-scattering color-conversion material layer optically coupled with the EL element.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to organic light emitting diode devices for area illumination. The devices include an organic light emitting diode lamp responsive to electrical power for emitting light. A controller regulates the light output from the organic light emitting diode lamp using a range selection switch for varying a power range, and a power switch responsive to the range selection switch to provide power to organic light emitting diode.

Abstract: An active-matrix electroluminescent device, comprising: a plurality of light-emitting elements laid out over a substrate, a plurality of electrical buses carrying a common signal connected to the light-emitting elements; and a plurality of electrical cross-connections intersecting and electrically connecting the plurality of electrical buses.

Abstract: A flat panel display capable of presenting high resolution monochrome images in a desired first color and highlight images in at least a desired second color different from the first color, comprising a plurality of pixels each comprised of only two individually addressable differently colored sub-pixel elements, wherein the two individually addressable differently colored sub-pixel elements emit light of the desired first color when employed together, and wherein either or both of the differently colored sub-pixel elements may be employed to emit light of the desired second color. Displays in accordance with the invention may be used to provide highlight information along with high resolution monochrome images, without the expenses associated with fabrication of high resolution full-color displays.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device, comprising: a first electrode and a second electrode having one or more organic layers formed there-between, at least one organic layer being light-emitting, the first and second electrodes defining one or more light-emissive areas, at least one of the electrodes being transparent; a transparent insulator layer formed adjacent to the transparent electrode opposite the one or more organic layer(s); and one or more reflective, electrically-conductive bus formed in a layer adjacent to the transparent insulator layer opposite the transparent electrode, wherein the reflective, electrically-conductive bus comprises a reflective surface directed towards the light-emitting layer and covers only a portion of the light-emissive areas.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device, comprising: an OLED formed on a substrate having a first and second electrodes and one or more light-emitting organic material layers formed between the electrodes, the organic material layer(s) having a first optical index and at least one of the electrodes patterned to define light-emitting areas; a cover formed over the OLED wherein the cover or substrate is transparent and has a second optical index and the light is emitted through the transparent cover or substrate; a light-scattering layer formed between the cover and substrate for scattering light; a low-index element having an optical index lower than the first and second optical indices formed between the scattering layer and the transparent cover or substrate; and a contrast-enhancement layer comprising a plurality of alternating light-absorbing portions and light-transmissive portions formed in the layer located between the light-scattering layer and the transparent substrate or cover through which lig