Abstract: A system for detecting MITM for SCADA communication networks includes secure substation-substation communication links for providing secure and reliable paths to exchange OT data between substations for OT data consistency check; a SIB in each substation for sampling CT and PT measurements to calculate voltage magnitude and phase angle thereof; a S&C server in each substation coupled to the SIB for receiving the voltage magnitude and phase angle from the SIB and obtaining a packet carrying active power flow in transmission lines between two substations and a time stamp; an IDS server placed in a SCADA center for collecting the packet of each substation sent by the S&C server; analyzing the received packet from every adjacent substation; inspecting the payload of the received packet; and triggering an intrusion alarm to a SCADA operator when the power flow is not the same as the payload of the packets.

Abstract: A system for detecting MITM for SCADA communication networks includes secure substation-substation communication links for providing secure and reliable paths to exchange OT data between substations for OT data consistency check; a SIB in each substation for sampling CT and PT measurements to calculate voltage magnitude and phase angle thereof; a S&C server in each substation coupled to the SIB for receiving the voltage magnitude and phase angle from the SIB and obtaining a packet carrying active power flow in transmission lines between two substations and a time stamp; an IDS server placed in a SCADA center for collecting the packet of each substation sent by the S&C server; analyzing the received packet from every adjacent substation; inspecting the payload of the received packet; and triggering an intrusion alarm to a SCADA operator when the power flow is not the same as the payload of the packets.

Abstract: A faulted switch isolated replacement path for a power converter is provided using replacement switches connected to an isolated node. The replacement switches can be controlled by normal operating signals. The replacement path is isolated by isolation switches during normal operation. During a fault condition, the isolating switches are activated such that the isolated node is selectively connected to the appropriate power output.

Abstract: An apparatus that includes a computer server having processing circuitry operatively coupled to a memory and a communication interface is provided. A remote image capture device is communicatively coupled to the computer server via the communication interface. The apparatus acquires a captured image of a storage system from the image capture device. The apparatus identifies a pair of physical items in the image, including determining identities of each item of the pair of physical items, and identifying locations in the storage system of each physical item of the pair of physical items. The apparatus processes the image to measure a physical proximity between the pair of physical items, and generates or updates a measure of similarity between the pair of physical items based on the measured physical proximity. The apparatus can also process multiple images to determine similarity between different storage systems or associated persons based on item proximities.

Abstract: A method and system for identifying books located on a bookshelf. Photographs of the bookshelf are captured and processed to identify individual books. Processing involves segmenting the photograph into individual book spines and extracting and analyzing features of the book spines. Analysis may include database matching and/or optical character recognition. Book spines for which a match is not found are human labeled, and the label information is added to the database. User feedback is also used to update the database.

Abstract: An apparatus that includes a computer server having processing circuitry operatively coupled to a memory and a communication interface is provided. A remote image capture device is communicatively coupled to the computer server via the communication interface. The apparatus acquires a captured image of a storage system from the image capture device. The apparatus identifies a pair of physical items in the image, including determining identities of each item of the pair of physical items, and identifying locations in the storage system of each physical item of the pair of physical items. The apparatus processes the image to measure a physical proximity between the pair of physical items, and generates or updates a measure of similarity between the pair of physical items based on the measured physical proximity. The apparatus can also process multiple images to determine similarity between different storage systems or associated persons based on item proximities.

Abstract: A method and system for identifying books located on a bookshelf. Photographs of the bookshelf are captured and processed to identify individual books. Processing involves segmenting the photograph into individual book spines and extracting and analyzing features of the book spines. Analysis may include database matching and/or optical character recognition. Book spines for which a match is not found are human labeled, and the label information is added to the database. User feedback is also used to update the database.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and system for initializing a rotating device such as an electronically commutated electric machine. The system comprises: an electric machine; a position sensor subsystem operatively connected to the electric machine configured to measure a position and transmit a position signal to a controller. The controller executes a method initializing position for the electric machine, the method comprising: establishing a sensor subsystem datum indicative of a measurement reference point for a sensor subsystem; obtaining a calibration value corresponding to a distance to a selected magnetic reference position for the electric machine, relative to the sensor subsystem datum; and measuring a position and calculating a position delta relative to an initial reference. The method also includes: estimating an offset from the sensor subsystem datum to an initial reference; determining an absolute position estimate of the electric machine relative to the magnetic reference position.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and system for initializing a rotating device such as an electronically commutated electric machine. The system comprises: an electric machine; a position sensor subsystem operatively connected to the electric machine configured to measure a position and transmit a position signal to a controller. The controller executes a method initializing position for the electric machine, the method comprising: establishing a sensor subsystem datum indicative of a measurement reference point for a sensor subsystem; obtaining a calibration value corresponding to a distance to a selected magnetic reference position for the electric machine, relative to the sensor subsystem datum; and measuring a position and calculating a position delta relative to an initial reference. The method also includes: estimating an offset from the sensor subsystem datum to an initial reference; determining an absolute position estimate of the electric machine relative to the magnetic reference position.

Abstract: A controller for an electric brake system in a vehicle. The brake system utilizes switched reluctance electric motors to apply braking force to wheels. Such motors have non-ideal torque-speed characteristics, wherein excessive amounts of time and current are required to change torque delivered. The invention reduces the times, and currents, by adjusting the phase angle, and durations, of current pulses delivered to the coils of the motor. The adjustment is based on several parameters, including presently demanded torque, speed of the electric motor, deviation of vehicle system voltage from a norm, and deviation of motor temperature from a norm.

Abstract: A motor control system uses predictive signal processing techniques to estimate the value of the next motor torque request or command from a controller within a brake-by-wire system, then adjusts the control of the electric motor that applies pressure to actuate the brake calipers.

Abstract: An system for minimizing the output torque ripple effect in a switched reluctance electric motor operating in phase overlap mode positions at least one compensating coil such that, when energized, the magnetic flux of the field created by current flowing through the compensation coil couples and opposes the magnetic flux created in the main winding of compensation coil.

Abstract: A motor control system selectively energizes a motor winding to maximize the motors efficiency and output torque under conditions of varying rotor speed, winding temperature, and supply voltage. Motor output requirement values and sensor output is used to develop independent parameters in the translation and dilation domain from which optimal turn-on and turn-off or "conduction angles" are developed. The optimal conduction angles are processed by circuitry to generate actuation signals that selectively control the delivery of energy to the motor winding.

Abstract: A switched reluctance motor includes an auxiliary winding interspersed among the main phase windings such that a constant inductance ratio is established between the main and auxiliary windings regardless of rotor position. The auxiliary winding preferably has a higher inductance compared to the main winding. A test current is injected into the auxiliary winding in order to indirectly determine rotor position and the auxiliary winding is utilized to maintain a holding torque under static load conditions. The disclosed design and methodology improves motor function capabilities and economies.

Abstract: A commutation circuit for a switched reluctance electric motor. Each phase coil in the motor discharges through a resistance. The resistance is progressively increased during discharge, to thereby decrease the overall time required for full discharge. This decrease in discharge time allows each phase coil to pass current for a longer time, thereby increasing torque which the motor produces.

Abstract: A method and a preferred hardware implementation for selectively energizing a motor winding to maximize its efficiency and output torque under conditions of varying rotor speed, winding temperature, and supply voltage. Motor sensors generate operating condition signals that are transformed by processing circuitry into independent parameters in the translation and dilation domain from which optimal turn-on and turn-off or "conduction angles" are determined. The optimal conduction angles are processed by circuitry to generate actuation signals that selectively control the delivery of energy to the motor winding.

Abstract: A rotary actuator includes a pole riser that acts as a mechanical stop and provides advantageous magnetic latching features, which overcome the problems typically associated with the end of travel in conventional rotary actuators. The pole riser designed in accordance with this invention includes a necked region of reduced cross-sectional area, which allows for an air gap to be maintained between at least a portion of the pole riser and the rotor pole at the end of travel. The pole riser necked region provides an additional flux pathway that is magnetically saturated and the remainder of the pole riser provides a magnetic pathway for a latching flux, which maintains the rotor in an end of travel position without requiring an increase in the current through the coil. A rotary actuator design and control methodology are disclosed.

Abstract: A switched reluctance motor includes an auxiliary winding interspersed among the main phase windings such that a constant inductance ratio is established between the main and auxiliary windings regardless of rotor position. The auxiliary winding preferably has a higher inductance compared to the main winding. A test current is injected into the auxiliary winding in order to indirectly determine rotor position and the auxiliary winding is utilized to maintain a holding torque under static load conditions. The disclosed design and methodology improves motor function capabilities and economies.

Abstract: A wiper system for a motor vehicle window includes a wiper arm, a permanent magnet motor, a linkage connecting the motor with the wiper arm, and a switching mechanism. The wider arm is adapted to be rotatably mounted on a vehicle body for operable movement between first and second end wipe positions. The motor is of the three brush permanent magnet type, the brushes being a high speed brush, a low speed brush and a common brush. The switching mechanism is responsive to wider blade position and is closed, electrically connecting the high speed brush with the low speed brush, thereby achieving an intermediate speed, in at least one end wipe position.

Abstract: A device for controlling a 4-phase 8-stator pole/6 rotor pole switched reluctance machine includes a microcontroller, a converter circuit for energizing the stator windings of the switched reluctance machine, four Hall sensors adapted to detect rotor position to a resolution of 15 mechanical degrees, a phase current sensor, and a phase voltage sensor. The controller is programmed to implement a rotor position estimator for generating an estimated rotor position signal corresponding to the position of the rotor. The estimator is implemented using an observer-based state variable motor model, and is responsive to the measured phase voltage, the measured phase current, and the transitions generated by the Hall sensors. The estimated rotor position signal is determined by running the observer model in parallel with the physical motor.