Patents by Inventor Rudolf M. Tromp
Rudolf M. Tromp has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 11054320Abstract: A force detector and method for using the same include a lens and a cantilever below the lens. A laser above the lens is configured to emit a beam of light that reflects from a surface of the lens and the cantilever. A processor is configured to determine a force between the lens and the cantilever based on interference between the light reflected from the surface and the light reflected from the cantilever.Type: GrantFiled: November 6, 2019Date of Patent: July 6, 2021Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Arthur W. Ellis, Richard A. Haight, James B. Hannon, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Patent number: 10755170Abstract: A technique relates a resistive processing unit (RPU) array. A set of conductive column wires are configured to form cross-points at intersections between the set of conductive row wires and a set of conductive column wires. Two-terminal RPUs are hysteretic such that the two-terminal RPUs each have a conductance state defined by hysteresis, where a two-terminal RPU of the two-terminal RPUs is located at each of the cross-points.Type: GrantFiled: March 1, 2017Date of Patent: August 25, 2020Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Tayfun Gokmen, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Patent number: 10593510Abstract: An electron microscope system and a method of measuring an aberration of the electron microscope system are disclosed. A method of controlling an aberration of an electron microscope includes obtaining a dispersed energy distribution for electrons at a diffraction plane of the electron microscope and placing an aperture at a selected location of the dispersed energy distribution in the diffraction plane. The method measures displacement of an image of the aperture in an image plane of the electron microscope for the selected location of the aperture. The method determines an aberration coefficient of the electron microscope from the measured displacement and the selected location of the aperture and alters a parameter of an element of the electron microscope to control the aberration of the electron microscope based at least in part on the determined aberration coefficient.Type: GrantFiled: March 6, 2019Date of Patent: March 17, 2020Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventor: Rudolf M. Tromp
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Publication number: 20200072687Abstract: A force detector and method for using the same include a lens and a cantilever below the lens. A laser above the lens is configured to emit a beam of light that reflects from a surface of the lens and the cantilever. A processor is configured to determine a force between the lens and the cantilever based on interference between the light reflected from the surface and the light reflected from the cantilever.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 6, 2019Publication date: March 5, 2020Inventors: Arthur W. Ellis, Richard A. Haight, James B. Hannon, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Patent number: 10564056Abstract: A force detector and method for using the same includes a lens. A cantilever is disposed below the movable lens. A laser is disposed above the movable lens and is configured to emit a beam of light that reflects from a surface of the lens and the cantilever. A processor is configured to determine a force between the movable lens and the cantilever based on a change in phase in images produced by the light reflected from the spherical surface and the light reflected from the cantilever.Type: GrantFiled: August 17, 2018Date of Patent: February 18, 2020Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Arthur W. Ellis, Richard A. Haight, James B. Hannon, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Publication number: 20190206655Abstract: An electron microscope system and a method of measuring an aberration of the electron microscope system are disclosed. A method of controlling an aberration of an electron microscope includes obtaining a dispersed energy distribution for electrons at a diffraction plane of the electron microscope and placing an aperture at a selected location of the dispersed energy distribution in the diffraction plane. The method measures displacement of an image of the aperture in an image plane of the electron microscope for the selected location of the aperture. The method determines an aberration coefficient of the electron microscope from the measured displacement and the selected location of the aperture and alters a parameter of an element of the electron microscope to control the aberration of the electron microscope based at least in part on the determined aberration coefficient.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 6, 2019Publication date: July 4, 2019Inventor: Rudolf M. Tromp
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Patent number: 10330458Abstract: Systems for measuring a distance include a lens positioned a distance above a target surface. A camera is configured to measure a first interference pattern between the lens and the target surface using a light source at a first wavelength and to measure a second interference pattern between the lens and the target surface using a light source at a second wavelength. A processor is configured to determine an absolute measurement of the distance between the lens and the target surface based on the first interference pattern and the second interference pattern.Type: GrantFiled: August 23, 2018Date of Patent: June 25, 2019Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Richard A. Haight, James B. Hannon, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Patent number: 10330457Abstract: Methods and systems for measuring a distance include measuring a first interference pattern between a lens and a target surface using a light source at a first wavelength. A second interference pattern is measured between the lens and the target surface using a light source at a second wavelength, different from the first wavelength. An absolute measurement of a distance between the lens and the target surface is determined based on the first interference pattern and the second interference pattern.Type: GrantFiled: August 23, 2018Date of Patent: June 25, 2019Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Richard A. Haight, James B. Hannon, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Patent number: 10283315Abstract: An electron microscope system and a method of measuring an aberration of the electron microscope system are disclosed. An aperture filters an electron beam at a diffraction plane of the electron microscope to pass through electrons having a selected energy and momentum. A displacement of an image of the passed electrons is measured at a detector in an image plane of the electron microscope. An aberration coefficient of the electron microscope is determined from the measured displacement and at least one of the energy and momentum of the passed electrons. The measured aberration can be used to alter a parameter of the electron microscope or an optical element of the electron microscope to thereby control the overall aberration of the electron microscope.Type: GrantFiled: May 16, 2017Date of Patent: May 7, 2019Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventor: Rudolf M. Tromp
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Publication number: 20180364023Abstract: Systems for measuring a distance include a lens positioned a distance above a target surface. A camera is configured to measure a first interference pattern between the lens and the target surface using a light source at a first wavelength and to measure a second interference pattern between the lens and the target surface using a light source at a second wavelength. A processor is configured to determine an absolute measurement of the distance between the lens and the target surface based on the first interference pattern and the second interference pattern.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 23, 2018Publication date: December 20, 2018Inventors: Richard A. Haight, James B. Hannon, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Publication number: 20180364022Abstract: Methods and systems for measuring a distance include measuring a first interference pattern between a lens and a target surface using a light source at a first wavelength. A second interference pattern is measured between the lens and the target surface using a light source at a second wavelength, different from the first wavelength. An absolute measurement of a distance between the lens and the target surface is determined based on the first interference pattern and the second interference pattern.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 23, 2018Publication date: December 20, 2018Inventors: Richard A. Haight, James B. Hannon, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Publication number: 20180356305Abstract: A force detector and method for using the same includes a lens. A cantilever is disposed below the movable lens. A laser is disposed above the movable lens and is configured to emit a beam of light that reflects from a surface of the lens and the cantilever. A processor is configured to determine a force between the movable lens and the cantilever based on a change in phase in images produced by the light reflected from the spherical surface and the light reflected from the cantilever.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 17, 2018Publication date: December 13, 2018Inventors: Arthur W. Ellis, Richard A. Haight, James B. Hannon, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Publication number: 20180337017Abstract: An electron microscope system and a method of measuring an aberration of the electron microscope system are disclosed. An aperture filters an electron beam at a diffraction plane of the electron microscope to pass through electrons having a selected energy and momentum. A displacement of an image of the passed electrons is measured at a detector in an image plane of the electron microscope. An aberration coefficient of the electron microscope is determined from the measured displacement and at least one of the energy and momentum of the passed electrons. The measured aberration can be used to alter a parameter of the electron microscope or an optical element of the electron microscope to thereby control the overall aberration of the electron microscope.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 16, 2017Publication date: November 22, 2018Inventor: Rudolf M. Tromp
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Patent number: 10119801Abstract: Methods and systems for measuring a distance include measuring a first interference pattern between a lens and a target surface using a light source at a first wavelength. A second interference pattern is measured between the lens and the target surface using a light source at a second wavelength, different from the first wavelength. An absolute measurement of a distance between the lens and the target surface is determined based on the first interference pattern and the second interference pattern.Type: GrantFiled: April 6, 2017Date of Patent: November 6, 2018Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Richard A. Haight, James B. Hannon, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Patent number: 10101224Abstract: A force detector and method for using the same includes a lens. A cantilever is below the movable lens. A laser above the movable lens emits a beam of light through the movable lens, such that light reflects from the lens and the cantilever. A camera is configured to capture images produced by the light reflected from the lens and the light reflected from the cantilever. A processor is configured to determine a force between the movable lens and the cantilever based on a change in phase of the interference rings.Type: GrantFiled: February 28, 2017Date of Patent: October 16, 2018Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Arthur W. Ellis, Richard A. Haight, James B. Hannon, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Publication number: 20180253642Abstract: A technique relates a resistive processing unit (RPU) array. A set of conductive column wires are configured to form cross-points at intersections between the set of conductive row wires and a set of conductive column wires. Two-terminal RPUs are hysteretic such that the two-terminal RPUs each have a conductance state defined by hysteresis, where a two-terminal RPU of the two-terminal RPUs is located at each of the cross-points.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 1, 2017Publication date: September 6, 2018Inventors: Tayfun Gokmen, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Publication number: 20170292825Abstract: Methods and systems for measuring a distance include measuring a first interference pattern between a lens and a target surface using a light source at a first wavelength. A second interference pattern is measured between the lens and the target surface using a light source at a second wavelength, different from the first wavelength. An absolute measurement of a distance between the lens and the target surface is determined based on the first interference pattern and the second interference pattern.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 6, 2017Publication date: October 12, 2017Inventors: Richard A. Haight, James B. Hannon, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Patent number: 9752865Abstract: Methods and systems for measuring a distance include measuring a first interference pattern between a lens and a target surface using a light source at a first wavelength. A second interference pattern is measured between the lens and the target surface using a light source at a second wavelength, different from the first wavelength. An absolute measurement of a distance between the lens and the target surface is determined based on the first interference pattern and the second interference pattern.Type: GrantFiled: April 7, 2016Date of Patent: September 5, 2017Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Richard A. Haight, James B. Hannon, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Publication number: 20170167929Abstract: A force detector and method for using the same includes a lens. A cantilever is below the movable lens. A laser above the movable lens emits a beam of light through the movable lens, such that light reflects from the lens and the cantilever. A camera is configured to capture images produced by the light reflected from the lens and the light reflected from the cantilever. A processor is configured to determine a force between the movable lens and the cantilever based on a change in phase of the interference rings.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 28, 2017Publication date: June 15, 2017Inventors: Arthur W. Ellis, Richard A. Haight, James B. Hannon, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Patent number: 9625331Abstract: A force detector and method for using the same includes a movable lens having a spherical surface; a cantilever below the movable lens; a laser above the movable lens configured to emit a beam of light through the movable lens, such that light reflects from the spherical surface and the cantilever; a camera configured to capture images of interference rings produced by the light reflected from the spherical surface and the light reflected from the cantilever; and a processor configured to determine a force between the movable lens and the cantilever based on a change in phase of the interference rings.Type: GrantFiled: September 10, 2015Date of Patent: April 18, 2017Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Arthur W. Ellis, Richard A. Haight, James B. Hannon, Rudolf M. Tromp