Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for amplifying and detecting misfolded tau protein from samples, for example, from patients having tauopathies such as Alzheimer's Disease, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, and the like.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for amplifying and detecting misfolded tau protein from samples, for example, from patients having tauopathies such as Alzheimer's Disease, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, and the like.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for amplifying and detecting ?S proteins from samples, for example, from patients having Parkinson's Disease. For example, a method for determining a presence of a soluble, misfolded ?S protein may include: contacting the sample with a monomeric, folded ?S protein to form an incubation mixture; conducting an incubation cycle two or more times on the incubation mixture effective to form an amplified portion of misfolded ?S protein; incubating the incubation mixture effective to cause misfolding and/or aggregation of at least a portion of the monomeric, folded ?S protein in the presence of the soluble, misfolded ?S protein; physically disrupting the incubation mixture effective to at least partly de-aggregate at least a portion of a misfolded ?S aggregate present; and determining the presence of the soluble, misfolded ?S protein in the sample by detecting at least a portion of the soluble, misfolded ?S protein.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for amplifying and detecting ?S proteins from samples, for example, from patients having Parkinson's Disease. For example, a method for determining a presence of a soluble, misfolded ?S protein may include: contacting the sample with a monomeric, folded ?S protein to form an incubation mixture; conducting an incubation cycle two or more times on the incubation mixture effective to form an amplified portion of misfolded ?S protein; incubating the incubation mixture effective to cause misfolding and/or aggregation of at least a portion of the monomeric, folded ?S protein in the presence of the soluble, misfolded ?S protein; physically disrupting the incubation mixture effective to at least partly de-aggregate at least a portion of a misfolded ?S aggregate present; and determining the presence of the soluble, misfolded ?S protein in the sample by detecting at least a portion of the soluble, misfolded ?S protein.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for amplifying and detecting misfolded proteins from samples, for example, from patients having Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and the like. For example, a method for determining a presence of soluble, misfolded protein in a sample may include contacting the sample with a monomeric, folded protein to form an incubation mixture; conducting an incubation cycle two or more times effective to form an amplified portion of misfolded protein; incubating the incubation mixture effective to cause misfolding and/or aggregation of at least a portion of the monomeric, folded protein; physically disrupting the incubation mixture effective to break up at least a portion of any protein aggregate present; and determining the presence of the soluble, misfolded protein in the sample by detecting at least a portion of the soluble, misfolded protein. The monomeric, folded protein and the soluble, misfolded protein may exclude prion protein (PrP) and isoforms thereof.

Abstract: Methods and kits for evaluating a subject for a brain injury are described. The method may include providing at least one biological sample from the subject having or suspected of having the brain injury. The method may include conducting one or more amplification reactions, including contacting a portion of the biological sample with a monomeric, folded tau protein to form an incubation mixture. Each amplification reaction may include determining a presence or amount of the misfolded tau protein in the biological sample according to the amplified portion of the misfolded tau protein. Methods for evaluating the risk of neurodegenerative disease or disorder in a subject having suffered from brain injury are also described.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for amplifying and detecting misfolded tau protein from samples, for example, from patients having tauopathies such as Alzheimer's Disease, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, and the like.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for amplifying and detecting misfolded proteins from samples, for example, from patients having Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and the like. For example, a method for determining a presence of soluble, misfolded protein in a sample may include contacting the sample with a monomeric, folded protein to form an incubation mixture; conducting an incubation cycle two or more times effective to form an amplified portion of misfolded protein; incubating the incubation mixture effective to cause misfolding and/or aggregation of at least a portion of the monomeric, folded protein; physically disrupting the incubation mixture effective to break up at least a portion of any protein aggregate present; and determining the presence of the soluble, misfolded protein in the sample by detecting at least a portion of the soluble, misfolded protein. The monomeric, folded protein and the soluble, misfolded protein may exclude prion protein (PrP) and isoforms thereof.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for amplifying and detecting A? proteins from samples, for example, from patients having Alzheimer's Disease. For example, a method for determining a presence of a soluble, misfolded A? protein may include contacting the sample with a monomeric, folded A? protein to form an incubation mixture; conducting an incubation cycle two or more times on the incubation mixture effective to form an amplified portion of misfolded A? protein; incubating the incubation mixture effective to cause misfolding and/or aggregation of at least a portion of the monomeric, folded A? protein; physically disrupting the incubation mixture effective to at least partly de-aggregate at least a portion of a misfolded A? aggregate present; and determining the presence of the soluble, misfolded A? protein in the sample by detecting at least a portion of the amplified portion of misfolded A? protein.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for amplifying and detecting A? proteins from samples, for example, from patients having Alzheimer's Disease. For example, a method for determining a presence of a soluble, misfolded A? protein may include contacting the sample with a monomeric, folded A? protein to form an incubation mixture; conducting an incubation cycle two or more times on the incubation mixture effective to form an amplified portion of misfolded A? protein; incubating the incubation mixture effective to cause misfolding and/or aggregation of at least a portion of the monomeric, folded A? protein; physically disrupting the incubation mixture effective to at least partly de-aggregate at least a portion of a misfolded A? aggregate present; and determining the presence of the soluble, misfolded A? protein in the sample by detecting at least a portion of the amplified portion of misfolded A? protein.

Abstract: Solubilizing compositions are provided. The compositions comprise at least one zwitterionic surfactant and at least one nonionic surfactant. In one embodiment, the compositions may be useful for solubilizing and remodeling and/or removing tissue on or beneath a patient's skin, optionally in conjunction with the application of energy to a region of interest on the skin. In one embodiment, at least one analyte may be collected and analyzed from the solubilized tissue.

Abstract: Described are methods, kits, apparatus, and compositions for integumentary system therapy. For example, a method for therapy may include providing a subject in need of therapy for a condition. The condition may be associated with a substrate located in the subject's integumentary system. The method may include contacting a therapeutic agent and the substrate in the subject's integumentary system. The method may include modulating a depth of at least one ionic species in the subject's integumentary system. The at least one ionic species may include one or more of: the therapeutic agent; a bound therapeutic agent:substrate complex; and a reaction product of one or both of the therapeutic agent and the substrate. The method may be effective to at least partly ameliorate the condition in the subject.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for amplifying and detecting A? proteins from samples, for example, from patients having Alzheimer's Disease. For example, a method for determining a presence of a soluble, misfolded A? protein may include contacting the sample with a monomeric, folded A? protein to form an incubation mixture; conducting an incubation cycle two or more times on the incubation mixture effective to form an amplified portion of misfolded A? protein; incubating the incubation mixture effective to cause misfolding and/or aggregation of at least a portion of the monomeric, folded A? protein; physically disrupting the incubation mixture effective to at least partly de-aggregate at least a portion of a misfolded A? aggregate present; and determining the presence of the soluble, misfolded A? protein in the sample by detecting at least a portion of the amplified portion of misfolded A? protein.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for amplifying and detecting misfolded proteins from samples, for example, from patients having Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and the like. For example, a method for determining a presence of soluble, misfolded protein in a sample may include contacting the sample with a monomeric, folded protein to form an incubation mixture; conducting an incubation cycle two or more times effective to form an amplified portion of misfolded protein; incubating the incubation mixture effective to cause misfolding and/or aggregation of at least a portion of the monomeric, folded protein; physically disrupting the incubation mixture effective to break up at least a portion of any protein aggregate present; and determining the presence of the soluble, misfolded protein in the sample by detecting at least a portion of the soluble, misfolded protein. The monomeric, folded protein and the soluble, misfolded protein may exclude prion protein (PrP) and isoforms thereof.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for amplifying and detecting ?S proteins from samples, for example, from patients having Parkinson's Disease. For example, a method for determining a presence of a soluble, misfolded ?S protein may include: contacting the sample with a monomeric, folded ?S protein to form an incubation mixture; conducting an incubation cycle two or more times on the incubation mixture effective to form an amplified portion of misfolded ?S protein; incubating the incubation mixture effective to cause misfolding and/or aggregation of at least a portion of the monomeric, folded ?S protein in the presence of the soluble, misfolded ?S protein; physically disrupting the incubation mixture effective to at least partly de-aggregate at least a portion of a misfolded ?S aggregate present; and determining the presence of the soluble, misfolded ?S protein in the sample by detecting at least a portion of the soluble, misfolded ?S protein.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for evaluating a subject's vasculature integrity, for differentiating between a malignant lesion and a benign lesion, for evaluating the accessibility of a tumor to nano-sized therapeutics, for treating tumors, and for live or real time monitoring of a nano-probe's biodistribution.

Abstract: Solubilizing compositions are provided. The compositions comprise at least one zwitterionic surfactant and at least one nonionic surfactant. In one embodiment, the compositions may be useful for solubilizing and remodeling and/or removing tissue on or beneath a patient's skin, optionally in conjunction with the application of energy to a region of interest on the skin. In one embodiment at least one analyte may be collected and analyzed from the solubilized tissue.

Abstract: Solubilizing compositions are provided. The compositions comprise at least one zwitterionic surfactant and at least one nonionic surfactant. In one embodiment, the compositions may be useful for solubilizing and remodeling and/or removing tissue on or beneath a patient's skin, optionally in conjunction with the application of energy to a region of interest on the skin. In one embodiment, at least one analyte may be collected and analyzed from the solubilized tissue.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for evaluating a subject's vasculature integrity, for differentiating between a malignant lesion and a benign lesion, for evaluating the accessibility of a tumor to nano-sized therapeutics, for treating tumors, and for live or real time monitoring of a nano-probe's biodistribution.

Abstract: Tissue solubilizing apparatuses are provided. The apparatuses may be useful to solubilize tissue, including skin, mucosal membrane, and other tissue. The apparatuses may be further useful to preserve and recover analytes contained within the solubilized skin, mucosal membrane, and other tissue.