Abstract: Provided herein are methods for preparing perfusable scaffolds for cell culture. These methods can comprise providing a bioink composition and a fugitive ink composition; chaotic printing the bioink composition and the fugitive ink composition to generate a microstructured precursor comprising a plurality of lamellar structures formed from the bioink composition; curing the bioink composition to form a cured scaffold precursor; and removing the fugitive ink from the cured scaffold precursor, thereby forming the perfusable scaffold. In some embodiments, the fugitive ink comprises hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). In some embodiments, the the bioink composition and the fugitive ink composition are chaotically printed into a housing comprising a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a path for fluid flow from the fluid inlet to the to generate a microstructured precursor occupying the path for fluid flow. Also provided are scaffolds prepared by these methods as well as modular bioreactors incorporating these scaffolds.

Abstract: The disclosed materials, methods, and apparatus, provide novel ultra-high temperature materials (UHTM) in fibrous forms/structures; such “fibrous materials” can take various forms, such as individual filaments, short-shaped fiber, tows, ropes, wools, textiles, lattices, nano/microstructures, mesostructured materials, and sponge-like materials. At least four important classes of UHTM materials are disclosed in this invention: (1) carbon, doped-carbon and carbon alloy materials, (2) materials within the boron-carbon-nitride-X system, (3) materials within the silicon-carbon-nitride-X system, and (4) highly-refractory materials within the tantalum-hafnium-carbon-nitride-X and tantalum-hafnium-carbon-boron-nitride-X system. All of these material classes offer compounds/mixtures that melt or sublime at temperatures above 1800° C.—and in some cases are among the highest melting point materials known (exceeding 3000° C.).

Abstract: Embodiments of a packaged semiconductor device are provided, which includes a flag of a lead frame having a top surface and a bottom surface; a redistribution layer (RDL) structure formed on the top surface of the flag, the RDL structure including a first connection path having a first exposed bonding surface in a top surface of the RDL structure; and a first wirebond connected to the first exposed bonding surface and to a lead of the lead frame.

Abstract: Embodiments of a packaged semiconductor device are provided, which includes a flag of a lead frame having a top surface and a bottom surface; a redistribution layer (RDL) structure formed on the top surface of the flag, the RDL structure including a first connection path having a first exposed bonding surface in a top surface of the RDL structure; and a first wirebond connected to the first exposed bonding surface and to a lead of the lead frame.

Abstract: The disclosed materials, methods, and apparatus, provide novel ultra-high temperature materials (UHTM) in fibrous forms/structures; such “fibrous materials” can take various forms, such as individual filaments, short-shaped fiber, tows, ropes, wools, textiles, lattices, nano/microstructures, mesostructured materials, and sponge-like materials. At least four important classes of UHTM materials are disclosed in this invention: (1) carbon, doped-carbon and carbon alloy materials, (2) materials within the boron-carbon-nitride-X system, (3) materials within the silicon-carbon-nitride-X system, and (4) highly-refractory materials within the tantalum-hafnium-carbon-nitride-X and tantalum-hafnium-carbon-boron-nitride-X system. All of these material classes offer compounds/mixtures that melt or sublime at temperatures above 1800° C.—and in some cases are among the highest melting point materials known (exceeding 3000° C.).

Abstract: A stand mixer is provided with wheels proximate the base. The base houses a mixing bowl capable of being placed into a locked position. When the mixing bowl is in the locked position, its handle faces outward. The mixer can be lifted with the handle to transfer the weight of the stand mixer from the feet to the wheels. The stand mixer can then be moved into a desired position.

Abstract: A stand mixer is provided with wheels proximate the base. The base houses a mixing bowl capable of being placed into a locked position. When the mixing bowl is in the locked position, its handle faces outward. The mixer can be lifted with the handle to transfer the weight of the stand mixer from the feet to the wheels. The stand mixer can then be moved into a desired position.