Abstract: There is disclosed a vehicle air conditioner of a heat pump system in which there is prevented or inhibited frosting to an outdoor heat exchanger when heating in a vehicle interior is beforehand performed during plug-in, thereby achieving comfortable heating in the vehicle interior during running and also extending a running distance. The vehicle air conditioner includes an injection circuit 40 which distributes a refrigerant flowing out from a radiator 4 to return the refrigerant to the middle of compression by a compressor 2, a controller has frosting estimation means for estimating the frosting to an outdoor heat exchanger 7, and when a heating mode is executed in a state where a power is supplied from an external power source to the compressor 2 or to a battery which supplies the power to drive the compressor 2, the injection circuit 40 performs gas injection to the compressor 2 in a case where the frosting to the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is predicted.

Abstract: There is disclosed a vehicle air conditioner of a heat pump system in which there is prevented or inhibited frosting to an outdoor heat exchanger when heating in a vehicle interior is beforehand performed during plug-in, thereby realizing comfortable heating in the vehicle interior during running and also extending a running distance. The vehicle air conditioner includes a heating medium circulating circuit 23 to heat air to be supplied from an air flow passage 3 to a vehicle interior, a controller has frosting estimation means for estimating frosting to an outdoor heat exchanger 7, and when a heating mode is executed in a state where a power is supplied from an external power source to a compressor 2 or a battery which supplies the power to drive the compressor 2, the controller executes the heating by a heating medium circulating circuit 23, in a case where the frosting to the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is predicted on the basis of the estimation of the frosting estimation means.

Abstract: Air conditioner for a vehicle in which low pressure protection is accurately performed to improve reliability. A controller adjusts a number of revolution Nc of a compressor 2 so that a detected value does not decrease below a limiting target value TGTs, on the basis of the detected value of a suction temperature sensor and a limiting target value TGTs set to a suction refrigerant temperature of the compressor 2. The controller has a predetermined limiting lower limit TGTsL and a predetermined limiting upper limit TGTsH which is higher than the predetermined limiting lower limit, and adjusts the number of revolution Nc of compressor 2 so that the limiting target value TGTs is the limiting upper limit TGTsH on startup of compressor 2, and the controller gradually decreases the limiting target value TGTs toward the limiting lower limit TGTsL, when the detected value decreases to the limiting upper limit TGTsH.

Abstract: A vehicle air-conditioning device is provided which is capable of eliminating inconvenience due to a reduction in heating capability when changing from heat absorption from outdoor air to heat absorption from a heat medium. A heat-generating equipment temperature adjusting device 61 has a heat medium heating heater 66 and a refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. The vehicle air-conditioning device has first and second heat medium heat absorption/heating modes to let a refrigerant discharged from a compressor 2 radiate heat in a radiator 4, decompress the refrigerant from which the heat has been radiated, and then let the refrigerant absorb heat in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger. When the temperature of the heat medium is a predetermined threshold T1 or less upon changing from a heating operation to the first and second heat medium heat absorption/heating modes, the heat medium is heated by the heat medium heating heater before the changing.

Abstract: A heating temperature is appropriately estimated according to an operation mode to achieve comfortable vehicle interior air conditioning. A vehicular air conditioning device 1 includes a compressor 2, an air flow passage 3, a radiator 4 for heating air to be supplied to a vehicle interior, a heat absorber 9 for cooling the air to be supplied to the vehicle interior, and a heat pump controller. The heat pump controller calculates a heating temperature TH being the temperature of air on a leeward side of the radiator and use the heating temperature in control, and calculates the heating temperature TH using an estimation formula which differs depending on the operation mode.

Abstract: A surface treatment liquid composition for a substrate is provided. The surface treatment liquid composition includes a water-soluble salt, water, and a resin particle including a resin having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1): where R1 represents —COO—; each of R2 and R3 independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and n represents an integer of from 5 to 100.

Abstract: Comfortable vehicle interior air conditioning is realized while giving an appropriate temperature difference to air blown out from outlets. A vehicle air-conditioning device 1 includes an air mix damper 28, a FOOT outlet 29A, and a VENT outlet 29B. A control device has a B/L mode to blow out air from both of the FOOT outlet and the VENT outlet to a vehicle interior. In the B/L mode, the control device sets a target air volume ratio TGSW to be within a predetermined intermediate range of an air volume ratio SW by the air mix damper, and calculates a target heater temperature TCO on the basis of a target outlet temperature TAO and the target air volume ratio TGSW.

Abstract: Heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle in which a noise generated in opening an opening/closing valve (a solenoid valve) during changing of an operation mode is eliminated or reduced. The air conditioner has a dehumidifying and heating mode to let a refrigerant radiate heat in a radiator 4, decompress the refrigerant, and let the refrigerant absorb heat in heat absorber 9 and outdoor heat exchanger 7, and a cooling mode to let the refrigerant radiate heat in the outdoor heat exchanger, decompress the refrigerant, and let the refrigerant absorb heat in the heat absorber. Solenoid valve 21 and solenoid valve 22 opened in the dehumidifying and heating mode. When changing an operation mode from the cooling mode to the dehumidifying and heating mode, a difference between a pressure before each solenoid valve and a pressure after the valve is reduced, and then these valves are opened.

Abstract: In an air-conditioning apparatus of a so-called heat pump system, wasteful power consumption to be generated when an auxiliary heating means is disposed on an air upstream side of a radiator is decreased, and comfortable heating of a vehicle interior is also achieved. The air-conditioning apparatus includes an electric heater 57 disposed on an upstream side of air flowing through an air flow passage 3 to a radiator 4, and a controller executes a cooperative operation of heating air to be supplied to the vehicle interior by the electric heater 57 and the radiator 4, and stops a compressor 2 on the basis of establishment of a condition that an inlet refrigerant temperature Tcxin of the radiator is lower than an outlet refrigerant temperature TCI of the radiator (Tcxin<TCI).

Abstract: There is disclosed a vehicle air conditioner which is capable of enlarging an effective range of a dehumidifying and heating mode to environmental conditions and smoothly dehumidifying and heating a vehicle interior. A vehicle air conditioner 1 executes a dehumidifying and heating mode in which a controller lets a refrigerant discharged from a compressor 2 radiate heat in a radiator 4, and decompresses the refrigerant by which heat has been radiated and then lets the refrigerant absorb heat in a heat absorber 9 and an outdoor heat exchanger 7, the controller decreases an outdoor blower voltage FANVout of an outdoor blower 15 and decreases an air volume into the outdoor blower 15 in a case where a temperature Te of the heat absorber 9 is high even when the controller adjusts a valve position of an outdoor expansion valve 6 into a lower limit of controlling in a situation in which a temperature TCI of the radiator 4 is satisfactory.

Abstract: There is disclosed a vehicular air-conditioning device of a so-called heat pump system which eliminates or decreases noise generated when an opening/closing valve opens at a changing time of an operation mode. The vehicular air-conditioning device executes a heating mode to let a refrigerant discharged from a compressor 2 radiate heat in a radiator 4, decompress the refrigerant by which heat has been radiated, and then let the refrigerant absorb heat in an outdoor heat exchanger 7, and a dehumidifying and heating mode to open a solenoid valve 22 in a state of the heating mode, decompress at least a part of the refrigerant flowing out from the radiator and then let the refrigerant absorb heat in a heat absorber 9. When the heating mode changes to the dehumidifying and heating mode, the controller decreases a radiator pressure or a pressure difference before and after the solenoid valve to a predetermined value or less, and then opens the solenoid valve 22.

Abstract: A toner including polyester, wherein an amount of heat of a peak derived from the polyester in a range of from 40° C. through 70° C. during a cooling process is from 1.0 J/g through 15 J/g in differential scanning calorimetry performed under conditions below, <measuring conditions> after maintaining the toner at ?20° C., heating the toner to 130° C. at 10° C./min (a first heating process), after maintaining the toner at 130° C. for 1 minute, cooling the toner to ?50° C. at cooling speed of 10° C./min (the cooling process), and after maintaining the toner at ?50° C. for 5 minutes, heating the toner to 130° C. at 10° C./min (a second heating process).

Abstract: There is disclosed a vehicle air conditioner device of a so-called heat pump system to accurately perform efficient and comfortable heating of a vehicle interior. The vehicle air conditioner device includes a heating medium circulating circuit 23 which heats air to be supplied from an air flow passage 3 to a vehicle interior. A controller calculates a required heating capability TGQhtr of the heating medium circulating circuit to complement a shortage of an actual heating capability Qhp to a required heating capability TGQ of a radiator 4. The controller calculates a decrease amount ?Qhp of the actual heating capability Qhp from a difference ?TXO between a refrigerant evaporation temperature TXO of an outdoor heat exchanger 7 and a refrigerant evaporation temperature TXObase in non-frosting, and adds the decrease amount ?Qhp to the required heating capability TGQhtr to execute the heating by the heating medium circulating circuit.

Abstract: There is disclosed a vehicle air conditioning device of a heat pump system which delays proceeding of frosting onto an outdoor heat exchanger, thereby eliminating or inhibiting deterioration of a heating capability due to the frosting. The vehicle air conditioning device executes a heating mode in which a controller lets a refrigerant discharged from a compressor 2 radiate heat in a radiator 4, decompresses the refrigerant by which heat has been radiated, and then lets the refrigerant absorb heat in an outdoor heat exchanger 7, and on the basis of a difference ?TXO=(TXObase?TXO) between a refrigerant evaporation temperature TXObase of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 in non-frosting and a refrigerant evaporation temperature TXO of the outdoor heat exchanger 7, the controller corrects a target subcool degree TGSC that is a target value of a subcool degree of the refrigerant in the radiator 4 in an increasing direction in accordance with increase of the difference ?TXO.

Abstract: Vehicular air-conditioning device capable of inhibiting liquid return and generation of noise in an accumulator on startup of a compressor, and improving reliability and comfort. A controller lets a refrigerant discharged from a compressor 2 radiate heat in a radiator 4, and decompresses the refrigerant from which the heat has been radiated, to let the refrigerant absorb heat in an outdoor heat exchanger 7, thereby heating a vehicle interior. On startup of the compressor 2, the controller continues an operation at a predetermined startup number of revolution for a predetermined time, and then raises a number of revolution of the compressor 2 to a predetermined target number of revolution at a predetermined rising speed, and changes the startup number of revolution of the compressor 2 so as to lower the startup number of revolution as the outdoor air temperature is higher, on the basis of an outdoor air temperature.

Abstract: There is disclosed an air conditioning device of a so-called heat pump system which efficiently and comfortably heats a vehicle interior. In a vehicle air conditioning device 1, a controller executes a heating mode in which a refrigerant discharged from a compressor 2 radiates heat in a radiator 4 and the refrigerant by which heat has been radiated is decompressed and then absorbs heat in an outdoor heat exchanger 7. The vehicle air conditioning device includes a heating medium circulating circuit 23 to heat air to be supplied from an air flow passage 3 into the vehicle interior, and the controller executes the heating by a heating medium-air heat exchanger 40 of the heating medium circulating circuit 23, when a heating capability by the radiator 4 runs short.

Abstract: An ink includes a coloring material, an acrylic resin particle, an organic solvent, and water, wherein a solid dry film of the ink has a breaking elongation ratio of 50 percent or more, a storage elastic modulus G? of 1.0×106 Pa or more at 50 degrees C., and a swelling ratio of 40 percent or less to ethylacetate.

Abstract: There is provided a vehicle air conditioner which is capable of smoothly achieving a dehumidifying and heating mode without using an evaporation pressure adjustment valve, so that cost reduction is achievable. A controller executes a normal mode to control an operation of a compressor 2 on the basis of a radiator pressure PCI and control a valve position of an outdoor expansion valve 6 on the basis of a heat absorber temperature Te, and in this normal mode, when the valve position of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is maximized but the heat absorber temperature Te falls, the controller shifts to a heat absorber temperature control mode to control the operation of the compressor 2 on the basis of the temperature of a heat absorber 9 and generate heat from an auxiliary heater 23.

Abstract: There is disclosed a vehicle air conditioner which is capable of achieving protection of an air flow passage without hindrance, even when a temperature sensor which detects a temperature of an electric heater fails. When a detected value of an electric heater temperature sensor detecting the highest temperature among a plurality of electric heater temperature sensors 61 to 64 is in excess of a predetermined threshold value, a controller executes a protecting operation of limiting energization to the electric heater or stopping the energization. The controller calculates an estimated value Thtrest of the temperature which is calculated back from a consumed power of the electric heater, and when one of the electric heater temperature sensors fails, the controller executes the protecting operation on the basis of the highest value among the detected values of the temperature sensors other than the electric heater temperature sensor and the estimated value.

Abstract: There is disclosed a vehicle air-conditioning device in which a refrigerant subcool degree in a radiator is appropriately controlled, so that comfortable and efficient vehicle interior air conditioning is achievable. The vehicle air-conditioning device executes a heating mode in which a controller lets a refrigerant discharged from a compressor 2 radiate heat in a radiator 4, decompresses the refrigerant by which heat has been radiated by an outdoor expansion valve 6, and then lets the refrigerant absorb heat in an outdoor heat exchanger 7. In the heating mode, the vehicle air-conditioning device controls a refrigerant subcool degree SC of the radiator 4 by the outdoor expansion valve 6. On a basis of a radiator inlet air temperature THin that is a temperature of the air flowing into the radiator 4, the controller corrects a target subcool degree TGSC that is a target value of the refrigerant subcool degree SC in the radiator 4 in a lowering direction, as the radiator inlet air temperature THin rises.