Abstract: A vehicle air conditioning apparatus can ensure that the temperature of the air supplied to the vehicle interior is a preset temperature by securing the quantity of heat release for the radiator during a cooling and dehumidifying operation. The valve opening of the condensing pressure regulating part of the first control valve is smaller when the calculated opening SW of the air mix damper is equal to or more than the predetermined value than when the opening SW is smaller than the predetermined value. Accordingly, when the quantity of heat release is not sufficient in the radiator, it is possible to increase the condensing pressure of the refrigerant in the radiator to raise the temperature of the refrigerant in the radiator. Consequently, it is possible to secure the amount of heating, and therefore to ensure that the temperature of the air supplies to the vehicle interior is a preset temperature.

Abstract: Vehicle air conditioning device comprising a bypass pipe which passes a radiator and an outdoor expansion valve, and opening/closing valves. A control device executes a heating mode to open solenoid valve 30 and close solenoid valve 40, and a dehumidifying and heating mode to close the solenoid valve 30, open solenoid valve 40, let a refrigerant radiate heat in outdoor heat exchanger 7, let the refrigerant absorb heat in heat absorber 9, and generate heat in auxiliary heater 23. When changing from the heating mode to the dehumidifying and heating mode, the control device sends the refrigerant to receiver drier portion 14, controls a compressor to reduce a difference between pressures before and after the solenoid valve 40, opens solenoid valve 40, closes solenoid valve 30, shuts off the outdoor expansion valve, and shifts the compressor to control in the dehumidifying and heating mode.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioning apparatus is provided that can extend the mileage of a vehicle by reducing the power consumed by the operation of a compressor and a heater. When a required quantity of heating Q_req is acquired, the minimum power sharing ratio between quantity of heat release Q_hpof a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 22 and quantity of heat release Q_htrof a water heater 32 is calculated, which allows the power consumption W_total to be minimized, and a compressor 21 and the water heater 32 are operated based on the result of the calculation.

Abstract: Vehicle air conditioner avoids operation when short of refrigerant or oil due to backflow of refrigerant from an outdoor expansion valve to a radiator and which previously prevents lowering of air conditioning performance or deterioration of reliability. A first operation mode sends, to radiator 4, refrigerant discharged from compressor 2. A second operation mode shuts off outdoor expansion valve 6 and sends refrigerant directly into outdoor heat exchanger 7, passing the radiator and the outdoor expansion valve with bypass device 45. In the second operation mode, based on difference ?Pdc between pressures on outlet and inlet sides of the outdoor expansion valve 6, a controller controls a number of revolutions of compressor 2 so that pressure difference ?Pdc is not in excess of a predetermined reverse pressure limit UL?PdcH of outdoor expansion valve 6.

Abstract: There is provided a vehicle air conditioner which is capable of smoothly achieving a dehumidifying and heating mode without using an evaporation pressure adjustment valve, so that cost reduction is achievable. A controller executes a normal mode to control an operation of a compressor 2 on the basis of a radiator pressure PCI and control a valve position of an outdoor expansion valve 6 on the basis of a heat absorber temperature Te, and in this normal mode, when the valve position of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is maximized but the heat absorber temperature Te falls, the controller shifts to a heat absorber temperature control mode to control the operation of the compressor 2 on the basis of the temperature of a heat absorber 9 and generate heat from an auxiliary heater 23.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioning apparatus is provided that can extend the mileage of a vehicle by reducing the power consumed by the operation of a compressor and a heater. When a required quantity of heating Q_req is acquired, the minimum power sharing ratio between quantity of heat release Q_hpof a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 22 and quantity of heat release Q_htrof a water heater 32 is calculated, which allows the power consumption W_total to be minimized, and a compressor 21 and the water heater 32 is operated based on the result of the calculation.

Abstract: Vehicle air conditioning device executes the dehumidifying mode in which a controller lets refrigerant discharged from compressor 2 radiate heat in radiator 4, decompresses the refrigerant from which heat has been radiated and then lets the refrigerant absorb heat in heat absorber 9 and outdoor heat exchanger 7, or lets the refrigerant discharged from compressor 2 radiate heat in radiator 4 and outdoor heat exchanger 7, decompresses the refrigerant from which heat has been radiated and then lets the refrigerant absorb heat in heat absorber 9. In the dehumidifying mode, the controller executes simple control to compare a target value of an index that is a basis of control of the outdoor expansion valve with an actual detected value and to change a valve position of the outdoor expansion valve from a magnitude relation between the value in an enlarging direction or a reducing direction as much as a constant value.

Abstract: Vehicle air conditioning device of a heat pump system in which comfort is compatible with decrease of power consumption. The vehicle air conditioning device includes a heating medium circulating circuit 23 to heat air to be supplied from an air flow passage 3 to a vehicle interior, and in a heating mode, a controller has an energy saving prior mode in which the controller operates a compressor 2 at a maximum number of revolution and complements a shortage of a heating capability by a radiator 4 with heating by a heating medium-air heat exchanger 40 of the heating medium circulating circuit 23, and a comfort prior mode in which the controller limits a number of revolution of the compressor 2 and complements the shortage of the heating capability by the radiator 4 with the heating by the heating medium-air heat exchanger 40 of the heating medium circulating circuit 23.

Abstract: A member for an image forming apparatus includes a surface layer including a block copolymer, wherein the block copolymer includes a polyamide block and a polyether block and the composition ratio of the polyether block to the polyamide block is from 0.2 to 1.5.

Abstract: There is disclosed a vehicle air conditioner device which is capable of continuing an air conditioning operation also in a case where a disconnection failure occurs in a solenoid valve to change a flow of a refrigerant in each operation mode. Respective solenoid valves 17, 20, 21 and 22 to change the respective operation modes of a vehicle air conditioner device 1 are constituted so that the flow of the refrigerant changes to a cooling mode when all the solenoid valves 17, 20, 21 and 22 are non-energized. The vehicle air conditioner device executes a cooling mode during failure in which a controller adjusts all the solenoid valves 17, 20, 21 and 22 to be non-energized and operates a compressor 2, in a case where the disconnection failure occurs in one of the solenoid valves 17, 20, 21 and 22.

Abstract: There is disclosed an air conditioning device for vehicle in which in a defrosting mode to defrost an outdoor heat exchanger, the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger can be achieved without hindrance while maintaining heating of a vehicle interior. A refrigerant discharged from a compressor 2 radiates heat in a radiator 4 and the refrigerant by which heat has been radiated is decompressed and then absorbs heat in an outdoor heat exchanger 7 to heat the vehicle interior. The air conditioning device for vehicle includes an injection circuit 40 which distributes a part of the refrigerant flowing out from the radiator 4 to return the part to the compressor 2. When a controller 32 passes the high-temperature refrigerant through the outdoor heat exchanger 7 to perform defrosting, the controller operates the injection circuit 40 to return the refrigerant to the compressor 2.

Abstract: A toner including polyester, wherein an amount of heat of a peak derived from the polyester in a range of from 40° C. through 70° C. during a cooling process is from 1.0 J/g through 15 J/g in differential scanning calorimetry performed under conditions below, <measuring conditions> after maintaining the toner at ?20° C., heating the toner to 130° C. at 10° C./min (a first heating process), after maintaining the toner at 130° C. for 1 minute, cooling the toner to ?50° C. at cooling speed of 10° C./min (the cooling process), and after maintaining the toner at ?50° C. for 5 minutes, heating the toner to 130° C. at 10° C./min (a second heating process).

Abstract: There is disclosed a vehicle air conditioner in which in a dehumidifying and heating mode, a heating capability by a radiator can be acquired while avoiding frost formation to a heat absorber. A dehumidifying and heating mode is executed in which a refrigerant discharged from a compressor 2 radiates heat in a radiator 4, the refrigerant by which heat has been radiated is decompressed, and then heat is absorbed in a heat absorber 9 and an outdoor heat exchanger 7 or only in the heat absorber 9 to heating a vehicle interior while dehumidifying the vehicle interior. The vehicle air conditioner includes an injection circuit 40 which distributes a part of the refrigerant flowing out from the radiator 4 to return the part to the compressor 2.

Abstract: There is disclosed a vehicle air conditioner in which a refrigerant subcool degree of a radiator to satisfy both a high pressure and a refrigerant flow rate during heating can appropriately be controlled to achieve improvement of a heating capability. The vehicle air conditioner comprises a compressor 2 which compresses a refrigerant, a radiator 4 which lets the refrigerant radiate heat, an outdoor heat exchanger 7 disposed outside the vehicle interior to let the refrigerant radiate or absorb heat, and a controller. The controller executes a heating mode to let the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 radiate heat in the radiator 4, decompress the refrigerant by which heat has been radiated and then absorb heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 7.

Abstract: There is disclosed a vehicle air conditioner of a heat pump system in which there is prevented or inhibited frosting to an outdoor heat exchanger when heating in a vehicle interior is beforehand performed during plug-in, thereby achieving comfortable heating in the vehicle interior during running and also extending a running distance. The vehicle air conditioner includes an injection circuit 40 which distributes a refrigerant flowing out from a radiator 4 to return the refrigerant to the middle of compression by a compressor 2, a controller has frosting estimation means for estimating the frosting to an outdoor heat exchanger 7, and when a heating mode is executed in a state where a power is supplied from an external power source to the compressor 2 or to a battery which supplies the power to drive the compressor 2, the injection circuit 40 performs gas injection to the compressor 2 in a case where the frosting to the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is predicted.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioning apparatus is provided that can extend the mileage of a vehicle by reducing the power consumed by the operation of a compressor and a heater. When a required quantity of heating Q_req is acquired, the minimum power sharing ratio between quantity of heat release Q_hpof a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 22 and quantity of heat release Q_htrof a water heater 32 is calculated, which allows the power consumption W_total to be minimized, and a compressor 21 and the water heater 32 are operated based on the result of the calculation.

Abstract: Air conditioner for a vehicle in which low pressure protection is accurately performed to improve reliability. A controller adjusts a number of revolution Nc of a compressor 2 so that a detected value does not decrease below a limiting target value TGTs, on the basis of the detected value of a suction temperature sensor and a limiting target value TGTs set to a suction refrigerant temperature of the compressor 2. The controller has a predetermined limiting lower limit TGTsL and a predetermined limiting upper limit TGTsH which is higher than the predetermined limiting lower limit, and adjusts the number of revolution Nc of compressor 2 so that the limiting target value TGTs is the limiting upper limit TGTsH on startup of compressor 2, and the controller gradually decreases the limiting target value TGTs toward the limiting lower limit TGTsL, when the detected value decreases to the limiting upper limit TGTsH.

Abstract: Vehicular air-conditioning device capable of inhibiting liquid return and generation of noise in an accumulator on startup of a compressor, and improving reliability and comfort. A controller lets a refrigerant discharged from a compressor 2 radiate heat in a radiator 4, and decompresses the refrigerant from which the heat has been radiated, to let the refrigerant absorb heat in an outdoor heat exchanger 7, thereby heating a vehicle interior. On startup of the compressor 2, the controller continues an operation at a predetermined startup number of revolution for a predetermined time, and then raises a number of revolution of the compressor 2 to a predetermined target number of revolution at a predetermined rising speed, and changes the startup number of revolution of the compressor 2 so as to lower the startup number of revolution as the outdoor air temperature is higher, on the basis of an outdoor air temperature.

Abstract: Heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle in which a noise generated in opening an opening/closing valve (a solenoid valve) during changing of an operation mode is eliminated or reduced. The air conditioner has a dehumidifying and heating mode to let a refrigerant radiate heat in a radiator 4, decompress the refrigerant, and let the refrigerant absorb heat in heat absorber 9 and outdoor heat exchanger 7, and a cooling mode to let the refrigerant radiate heat in the outdoor heat exchanger, decompress the refrigerant, and let the refrigerant absorb heat in the heat absorber. Solenoid valve 21 and solenoid valve 22 opened in the dehumidifying and heating mode. When changing an operation mode from the cooling mode to the dehumidifying and heating mode, a difference between a pressure before each solenoid valve and a pressure after the valve is reduced, and then these valves are opened.

Abstract: There is disclosed a vehicle air conditioner which is capable of achieving protection of an air flow passage without hindrance, even when a temperature sensor which detects a temperature of an electric heater fails. When a detected value of an electric heater temperature sensor detecting the highest temperature among a plurality of electric heater temperature sensors 61 to 64 is in excess of a predetermined threshold value, a controller executes a protecting operation of limiting energization to the electric heater or stopping the energization. The controller calculates an estimated value Thtrest of the temperature which is calculated back from a consumed power of the electric heater, and when one of the electric heater temperature sensors fails, the controller executes the protecting operation on the basis of the highest value among the detected values of the temperature sensors other than the electric heater temperature sensor and the estimated value.