Abstract: To reduce time for writing a target voltage in the gate of a driving transistor. In a first period, a transistor 211 is switched on to allow a driving transistor 210 to function as a diode and transistors 212 and 213 are switched on to electrically connect the drain of the driving transistor 210 to a data line 112, to which an initial voltage is applied, such that the initial voltage is applied to the gate of the driving transistor 210. In a second period, a transistor 212 is switched off such that the gate of the driving transistor 210 is maintained to have an off voltage corresponding to the power source. In a third period, the transistor 211 is switched off such that the voltage of the data line 112 is converted into a grayscale voltage to maintain the gate of the driving transistor at the target voltage. In a fourth period, the driving transistor 210 flows the current corresponding to the maintained gate voltage to an OLED element 230.

Abstract: To provide an electro-optical device having a buffer layer which planarizes a gas barrier layer so that stress-concentration in the gas barrier layer is reduced, the buffer layer being prevented from leaking out of a predetermined area, and to provide a method of producing the same and an electronic apparatus. In an electro-optical device 1 having, on a substrate 200, a plurality of first electrodes 23, a bank structure 221 having a plurality of openings 221a positioned correspondingly to the formed first electrodes, electro-optical layers 60 arranged in the respective openings 221a, and a second electrode 50 covering the bank structure 221 and the electro-optical layers 60, the device includes a buffer layer 210 formed so as to cover the second electrode 50 and have a substantially flat upper surface, a frame 215 made of a material having no affinity to the buffer layer 210 and surrounding the periphery of the buffer layer 210, and a gas barrier layer 30 covering the buffer layer 210 and the frame 215.

Abstract: To reduce time for writing a target voltage in the gate of a driving transistor. In a first period, a transistor 211 is switched on to allow a driving transistor 210 to function as a diode and transistors 212 and 213 are switched on to electrically connect the drain of the driving transistor 210 to a data line 112, to which an initial voltage is applied, such that the initial voltage is applied to the gate of the driving transistor 210. In a second period, a transistor 212 is switched off such that the gate of the driving transistor 210 is maintained to have an off voltage corresponding to the power source. In a third period, the transistor 211 is switched off such that the voltage of the data line 112 is converted into a grayscale voltage to maintain the gate of the driving transistor at the target voltage. In a fourth period, the driving transistor 210 flows the current corresponding to the maintained gate voltage to an OLED element 230.

Abstract: To provide an organic electroluminescent device and a method of manufacturing the same, in which the organic electroluminescent device has an organic functional layer formed by a liquid phase method, the organic functional layer formed in a uniform thickness while maintaining an aperture ratio, thereby obtaining a uniform and high efficient emission. According to an organic EL device of the present invention, an organic EL element having an organic functional layer interposed between a pixel electrode and a common electrode is arranged on a substrate, and the organic functional layer is arranged in a region surrounded by a bank arranged along the periphery of the pixel electrode, and-at the same time, a hole injection layer and a light-emitting layer are stacked at the pixel electrode. A convex portion protruded at the hole injection layer is arranged on the pixel electrode and a part of the hole injection layer is interposed between the convex portion and the light-emitting layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device, which, on a substrate, has a plurality of first electrodes, and a second electrode opposing the plurality of first electrodes. The organic electroluminescent device also including a light-emitting functional layer between the second electrode and one of the first electrodes and a buffering layer that covers the second electrode. The buffering layer having a side end portion with an angle equal to or less than 30°. The organic electroluminescent device further including a gas barrier layer that covers the buffering layer.

Abstract: A unit circuit includes a first transistor, a detection element, a second transistor, and a first capacitive element. The first transistor supplies a detection line with a detection signal corresponding to the electric potential of a gate electrode thereof. The detection element is connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor and varies the electric potential of the gate electrode of the first transistor in accordance with an external factor. The second transistor has a first terminal that is connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor and a second terminal that is connected to a second power supply line. The second transistor has a gate electrode that is connected to a scanning line. The first capacitive element holds the electric potential of the gate electrode of the first transistor.

Abstract: There is provided a method for controlling a determining apparatus including: a first pixel for displaying a first image; a second pixel for displaying a second image; a light shielding member that allows the first image to be viewed from a first direction and blocks the first image from a second direction, and allows the second image to be viewed from the second direction and blocks the second image from the first direction; a first sensor provided for the first pixel and detecting the quantity of light coming from the first direction; and a second sensor provided for the second pixel and detecting the quantity of light coming from the second direction.

Abstract: To reduce a time for applying a target voltage to a gate of a driving transistor. During an initializing period, both ends of a capacitive element become a short-circuited state by turning on transistors, so that node A and B becomes a voltage made by subtracting the threshold voltage Vthp of the driving transistor from a power source voltage VEL. During a writing period, the transistor is turned on and a data signal X-j is supplied to change the voltage at the node B as much as a voltage corresponding the current which is to flow into an OLED element. The node A is changed from the threshold voltage as much as the value obtained by dividing the voltage change by capacity ratio. During a light-emitting period, the transistor is turned on, so that the current corresponding to the voltage at the node A flows through the OLED element.

Abstract: A display device includes display pixels that display an image on a display screen. First and second optical sensors correspond to one or more of the display pixels and detect the amount of incident light. An optical member allows light coming from a first direction to enter the first optical sensors and light coming from a second direction to enter the second optical sensors. A memory circuit stores a first detection result that is detected in a first time period by means of the first optical sensors and stores a second detection result that is detected in the first time period by means of the second optical sensors. A comparison circuit compares sequential detection results to permit a judgment circuit to determine whether the display screen has been touched with a detection target medium.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescent device, which, on a substrate, has a plurality of first electrodes, a light-emitting functional layer disposed to correspond to formation positions of the first electrodes, and a second electrode covering the light-emitting functional layer, includes forming a buffering layer that covers the second electrode, and forming a gas barrier layer that covers the buffering layer. The forming of the buffering layer includes coating a coating material having a monomer/oligomer material and a curing agent under a vacuum atmosphere, without a solvent, and thermally curing the coating material so as to form the buffering layer.

Abstract: To provide a light-emitting device in which a partition wall portion and a second electrode are not peeled off and display failure hardly occurs, a method of manufacturing the light-emitting device, and an electronic apparatus comprising the light-emitting device. An area in which a lyophobic portion is not formed is formed on a partition wall other than peripheries of pixel electrodes. In addition, a negative electrode is formed to directly come in contact with the area of the partition wall in which the lyophobic portion is not formed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electro-optical device having a plurality of unit regions arranged in a matrix on a surface of a flat plate-shaped base substrate. In each of the plurality of unit regions, a pixel electrode is formed. A counter electrode is formed on an opposite side to the base substrate with respect to the pixel electrodes. In pixel regions, which are first unit regions constituting a predetermined image among the plurality of unit regions, OLED elements are selectively formed. The OLED elements are interposed between the respective pixel electrodes and the counter electrode. In non-pixel regions, which are second unit regions other than the first unit regions among the plurality of unit regions, insulators are formed. The insulators are interposed between the respective pixel electrodes and the counter electrode.

Abstract: There is provided a display panel that is capable of improving visibility outdoors and which can be easily manufactured. In a display panel in which at least one side thereof serves as a display surface, the display panel includes a first reflectance layer 3, which is made of titanium, titanium nitride, or an alloy of titanium and tungsten and a second reflectance layer 4, which is made of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or gallium zinc oxide, wherein the first and second low reflection layer 3 and 4 are deposited at positions corresponding to pixels on a substrate 1.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electro-optical device having a plurality of unit regions arranged in a matrix on a surface of a flat plate-shaped base substrate. In each of the plurality of unit regions, a pixel electrode is formed. A counter electrode is formed on an opposite side to the base substrate with respect to the pixel electrodes. In pixel regions, which are first unit regions constituting a predetermined image among the plurality of unit regions, OLED elements are selectively formed. The OLED elements are interposed between the respective pixel electrodes and the counter electrode. In non-pixel regions, which are second unit regions other than the first unit regions among the plurality of unit regions, insulators are formed. The insulators are interposed between the respective pixel electrodes and the counter electrode.

Abstract: A pixel structure is provided in which a functional thin film having a uniform thickness can be formed in a pixel region, and an electro-optic device is obtained having superior uniformity of light brightness by the use of the above pixel structure. The functional thin film is formed on a thin film-forming surface surrounded by a partition for defining the pixel region. In this step, since the partition described above is formed of a first partition having a lyophilic surface and a second partition which is provided thereon and which has a lyophobic surface, and the first partition has parts which are not covered with the second partition, a liquid material for forming the functional thin film, which is filled inside the partition, can be formed into a film having a uniform thickness after drying due to the interaction between the lyophilic and the lyophobic properties.

Abstract: To provide an electro-optical device comprising a thin film having a uniform thickness, which is formed by drying liquid droplets filled in a liquid droplet ejection region surrounded by a partition. An electro-optical device comprises partitions 22 for separating a plurality of regions formed on a substrate 10. Each of the partitions 22 has a lyophilic first partition 43 and a liquid-repellent second partition 44 which is formed on an upper surface portion of the first partition except for a circumferential portion surrounding the region of the first partition 43. The device also comprises a functional layer 45 which is formed on the region surrounded by the partition and includes at least a light emitting layer.

Abstract: To provide an organic electroluminescent device which has a sealing structure including a casing and/or a sealing layer and which can be manufactured with high yield in such a manner that electrodes and other components are effectively prevented from being damaged due to stresses caused by the sealing layer and/or the electrodes. An organic electroluminescent device includes a substrate, a plurality of first electrodes, a partition structure having a plurality of openings located at positions corresponding to the first electrodes, organic functional layers each placed in the corresponding openings, a second electrode disposed over the partition structure and the organic functional layers, a sealing layer disposed over the second electrode, and a protective substrate, those components being disposed on or above the substrate.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a power feeding line to which a predetermined voltage is supplied; a light-emitting element formed of a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light-emitting layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a driving transistor that controls the amount of current supplied to the light-emitting element from the power feeding line. The power feeding line includes a portion interposed between the first electrode and the driving transistor.

Abstract: To provide an electro-optical device comprising a thin film having a uniform thickness, which is formed by drying liquid droplets filled in a liquid droplet ejection region surrounded by a partition. An electro-optical device comprises partitions 22 for separating a plurality of regions formed on a substrate 10. Each of the partitions 22 has a lyophilic first partition 43 and a liquid-repellent second partition 44 which is formed on an upper surface portion of the first partition except for a circumferential portion surrounding the region of the first partition 43. The device also comprises a functional layer 45 which is formed on the region surrounded by the partition and includes at least a light emitting layer.

Abstract: To provide a manufacturing method of an electro-optical device capable of effectively forming self-emitting elements in a large substrate on which a plurality of small substrates are arranged in a plane, without increasing the size of a manufacturing apparatus, the electro-optical device manufactured by the method, and an electronic apparatus equipped with the same. When manufacturing an organic EL display device by bonding a plurality of small substrates, processes required for a laser annealing technique and a photolithography technique, such as a process of forming TFTs and a process of forming pixel electrode, are performed before a process of bonding the small substrates to the large substrate, and organic EL elements are formed by an inkjet method after the bonding process. Further, a protective film is formed on the small substrates while the organic EL display elements are being formed.