Abstract: A method of making a magneto-optical recording medium comprises the step of forming a magneto-optical recording layer on a substrate by simultaneously carrying out direct current sputtering and radio-frequency sputtering. Alternatively, a magneto-optical recording layer composed of thin rare earth metal layers and thin transition metal layers overlaid alternately on a substrate is formed by carrying out radio-frequency sputtering by use of a target formed of a rare earth metal material and direct current sputtering by use of a target formed of a transition metal material.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium comprises a recording layer formed of a magnetic material, and a protective layer composed of a combination of a dielectric material with a rare earth metal exhibiting a high oxygen absorptivity and formed on the recording layer by a simultaneous sputtering or a simultaneous deposition process, whereby free oxygen given rise to in the course of sputtering or deposition is absorbed on the protective layer side before being absorbed on the recording layer side.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium comprises a transparent substrate and a magneto-optical recording layer overlaid on the transparent substrate. The magneto-optical recording layer is formed by alternately overlaying a plurality of thin layers containing a rare earth metal-transition metal alloy for magneto-optical recording, and a plurality of thin layers containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, lead, magnesium, copper, and iridium which are solid solution non-formable metals.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium comprises a substrate, a magneto-optical recording layer formed of a rare earth metal-transition metal alloy and a dielectric protective layer overlaid in this order on the substrate, and a rare earth metal layer overlaid on an edge face of the magneto-optical recording layer.

Abstract: An optical disk substrate has a surface on which a pre-groove for light beam tracking is formed. Non-pregrooved regions on the substrate surface on which the pregroove is formed are subjected to surface roughing processing to improve adhesion of the substrate surface in the non-pregrooved regions to a film which is to be overlaid on the optical disk substrate.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium comprises a transparent substrate, a magneto-optical recording layer formed on the transparent substrate and containing a rare earth metal-transition metal alloy, and a thin film containing at least either one of platinum and palladium and formed at least on one surface of the magneto-optical recording layer. Or, the magneto-optical recording medium comprises the transparent substrate, and a magneto-optical recording layer formed on the transparent substrate by alternately overlaying a plurality of thin layers containing a rare earth metal-transition metal alloy, and a plurality of thin layers containing at least either one of platinum and palladium.

Abstract: A method of making a magneto-optical recording medium comprises the steps of moving a rotating substrate along a first dielectric target, at least one rare earth metal target, and a second dielectric target which are disposed in this order from an upstream side toward the downstream side in an in-line sputtering apparatus, and carrying out simultaneous sputtering on the substrate in the course of the movement of the substrate by use of the first dielectric target and the rare earth metal target. Thereafter, sputtering is carried out on the substrate by use of the rare earth metal target. Then, simultaneous sputtering is carried out on the substrate by use of the rare earth metal target and the second dielectric target.

Abstract: In a process for producing an olefin polymer which comprises continuously polymerizing an olefin in the presence of a catalyst composed of a transition metal compound component and an organometallic compound component in at least two independent polymerization zones connected in series by a pipeline while feeding the olefin and the catalyst into an upstream zone of polymerization and withdrawing the resulting polymer from a downstream zone of polymerization; the improvement wherein(1) the polymerization in the upstream polymerization zone is carried out in a liquid medium under conditions for slurry polymerization,(2) the solid polymer-containing slurry discharged from the upstream polymerization zone is fed into a liquid medium exchanging zone through an upper feed opening (A) in its upper portion, said liquid medium exchanging zone being provided between the upstream polymerization zone and the downstream polymerization zone and connected to these zones by pipelines, and an additional supply of the liquid m

Abstract: A heat storage material comprises a sodium acetate-water system containing at least 53-69% by weight sodium acetate (CH.sub.3 CO.sub.2 Na), wherein said heat storage material is mixed with a thickener comprising polyvinyl alcohol, paraffin and one or two components selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde and acetone, and has stable performance and little change of heat storage capacity even under repeated storage and release of heat.

Abstract: A thermal insulator comprises an expanded resin body having embedded therein an evacuated powder insulation portion which consists of fine powder and a container of film-like plastics or a film-like composite of plastics and metal for enclosing the powder. The resin body has been expanded by a Freon gas as a blowing agent. Since a Freon gas has a larger molecular diameter than the constituent gases of air, it is less likely to permeate through the container than air. Thus present invention provides a novel composite insulator which fully utilizes the benefits of vacuum insulation without necessitating a strong and costly material for a vacuum container.

Abstract: A process for producing an ethylene copolymer which comprises polymerizing a predominant amount of ethylene and a minor amount of an alpha-olefin having 4 to 10 carbon atoms in the gaseous phase in the presence of a catalyst composed of (A) a transition metal catalyst component and (B) an organometallic compound of a metal of Groups I to III of the periodic table; characterized in that the copolymerization is carried out under the following conditions (i) and (ii),(i) at least 1 mole, per mole of ethylene, of a gaseous saturated hydrocarbon having 3 to 6 carbon atoms is caused to be present in the gaseous phase copolymerization system, and(ii) the gaseous mixture containing the unreacted olefin which has been discharged from the gaseous phase copolymerization system is cooled to a temperature at which the mixture is not liquefied, and the cooled gaseous mixture is recycled to the gaseous phase copolymerization system.

Abstract: A fluid bed reactor system for olefin polymerization composed of a cylindrical reaction vessel equipped with a distribution plate and an agitator, characterized in that the distribution plate satisfies the following conditions,(i) each of many passage holes provided in the distribution plate for passage of the fluidizing gas medium is covered with a cap having an opening,(ii) the opening in said cap is provided only on one side of the cap, and the direction (A) of the opening is not opposite to the direction (B) of the rotational flow,(iii) the direction (A) of the opening varies with the distance (d) from the center (X) of the plate to the center (Y) of the hole,(iv) the opening direction (A) of a cap or caps at a hole or holes whose distance (d) is minimum is directed nearer to the center (X) than is the tangential direction of a circle having the center (X) as a center and the distance (d.sub.min.

Abstract: This invention relates to a solar energy storage material comprising N,N'-bis(phenylacetyl)indigo dissolved in a polar solvent. Of the indigo derivatives capable of storing the solar energy by the photoisomerization from trans-isomer to cis-isomer of the molecule, all of the compounds obtained so far had an energy storage capacity of only 30 cal or less per 1 g of the compound and also a high thermal isomerization rate from cis form to trans form in solution. Thus, they cannot be called a solar energy storage material of practical value.In the case of the present invention, on the other hand, when N,N'-bis(phenylacetyl)indigo is dissolved in a polar solvent such as acetonitrile, it is possible to store about 60 cal of energy per 1 g of N,N'-bis(phenylacetyl)indigo, and the half-life period of isomerization from cis to trans from in acetonitrile at 17.degree. C. is 1,264 minutes, which is also a satisfactory value for practical application.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a composite thermal insulator including a Freon gas expanded plastic, and an evacuated powder insulation. The present invention provides a composite thermal insulator light in weight and having a superior heat insulating performance over a long period through replacement of a thick metallic container conventionally used for the evacuated powder insulation and considered indispensable for withstanding a load at one atmospheric pressure and for preventing vacuum leakage, by a film-like plastic container, with activated carbon disposed in it.More specifically, the composite thermal insulator of the present invention includes a Freon gas expanded plastic, a film-like plastic container evacuated to form a vacuum in its interior, and directly contacting and/or covered by the expanded plastic, and activated carbon or inorganic powder containing activated carbon tightly enclosed in the plastic container, light in weight, having a heat conductivity lower than 0.01 kcal/mh.degree.C.

Abstract: This invention is a method for storing light energy using an indigo derivative. Among indigo derivatives capable of storing light energy by the photoisomerization of the molecule from the trans-form to the cis-form, compounds heretofore obtained have been soluble only in expensive solvents such as benzene, toluene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like and harmful substances.On the other hand, the indigo derivative of this invention has the form of a pyridinium salt, is soluble in water and/or ethanol, and permits employment of safe and inexpensive water and/or an alcohol as a solvent.The indigo derivative of this invention converted from the trans-form to the cis-form by irradiation with sunlight and storing sunlight energy liberates the aforesaid stored energy as heat on addition of a catalyst and/or a heat trigger.

Abstract: A control circuit comprises a switching element connected in series with the coil of an actuator for generating a drive current when rendered conductive. A drive current sensing resistor is coupled in a circuit with the switching element and the coil to develop a first voltage in response to the switching element being rendered conductive. A surge current sensing resistor is coupled in a circuit with the coil through a unidirectionally conducting element to develop a second voltage in response to the switching element being rendered nonconductive. The first and second voltage are amplified and fed to a differential integrator to which an actuator control signal is also applied. The output of the differential integrator is compared with the instantaneous value of a ramp voltage to generate gating pulses applied to the switching element.

Abstract: The heat accumulating material of this invention comprising three components of calcium chloride (CaCl.sub.2), urea [CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2 ] and water (H.sub.2 O) can have varied temperatures of heat accumulating and heat releasing between 15.degree. C. and 29.5.degree. C. by varying the proportion of said three components, and also has a large latent heat. Hence, much expectation can be placed on it as a heat accumulating material for air conditioning. Moreover, by adding BaFeO.sub.3-x (0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.53) as a nucleating agent to the above-mentioned composition, supercooling can be greatly decreased and wider application of this heat accumulating material becomes possible.

Abstract: A novel latent heat accumulative material capable of accumulating heat in a temperature range best suited for the storage of solar energy was obtained by adding an organic compound or compounds such as urea [CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2 ]to a system consisting of sodium acetate (CH.sub.3 CO.sub.2 Na) and water (H.sub.2 O). Further addition of a crystal nucleus forming material or materials such as sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate (Na.sub.4 P.sub.2 O.sub.7.10H.sub.2 O) to said composition could minimize supercooling and allowed a wider scope of application of the present heat accumulative material.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing an olefin in the gaseous phase in a multiplicity of steps in at least two independent polymerization zones connected to each other by a transfer passage, which comprises feeding an olefin and a catalyst into a first polymerization zone, polymerizing the olefin in the gaseous phase, intermittently or continuously withdrawing a gaseous stream containing the resulting polymer from the first zone and feeding it into said transfer passage, introducing the withdrawn polymer-containing gaseous stream into a second polymerization zone through the transfer passage, feeding the or an olefin into the second zone with or without feeding an additional supply of the catalyst thereinto, and polymerizing the olefin in the gaseous phase in the second zone; characterized in that an inert gas zone is provided in the transfer passage, and at least a part of the gas components of the gaseous stream containing the polymer is replaced by an inert gas.

Abstract: The heat accumulating material provided according to this invention makes use of the latent heat of fusion of sodium acetate trihydrate, and it comprises, as blended in a system consisting of sodium acetate and water, at least one nucleation catalyst selected from the group of compounds consisting of tetrasodium pyrophosphate, trisodium monohydrogenpyrophosphate, disodium dihydrogenpyrophosphate and monosodium trihydrogenpyrophosphate. In use of this heat accumulating material, the sodium acetate trihydrate would not be overcooled owing to the overcooling preventing function of the nucleation catalyst but is unfailingly crystallized at a temperature close to the fusion point thereof to radiate latent heat of fusion. The overcooling preventing performance of the nucleation catalyst is not deteriorated even if it is subjected to more than 1,000 cycles of repetition of fusion and solidification, and thus the heat accumulating material maintains a very stabilized heat absorbing and radiating capacity.