Abstract: The method for the production of multilayers comprises: applying a coating solution (I) which comprises a dissolved or dispersed proton-conductive polymer and a solvent (Is) containing water in amounts from 25 to 60 wt % and an organic solvent in amounts from 75 down to 40 wt %, on an electrode, applying a coating solution (II) which comprises a dissolved or dispersed proton-conductive polymer and a solvent (IIs) containing water in amounts from 0 to less than 25 wt % and an organic solvent in amounts above 75 wt %, on the wet first coating without any drying of the first coating; and drying the coatings to form an electrolyte membrane. The methods can provide multilayers capable of satisfactory power generation properties as an electrode structure by forming an electrolyte membrane on an electrode without causing any penetration of electrolyte into the electrode.

Abstract: According to a method of manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly having an excellent electric power generating capability, a base 11 is coated with a first polymer electrolytic solution 12 to form a first polymer electrolytic membrane 12a which is undried. The undried first polymer electrolytic membrane 12a is coated with a first electrode dispersion 13, which comprises a second polymer electrolytic solution and a catalyst carried on a catalyst carrier and dissolved therein. The first electrode dispersion 13 is dried to form a first electrode 2a, thereby forming a positive-electrode membrane electrode assembly 14a. Another base 11 is coated with a third polymer electrolytic solution 12 to form a second polymer electrolytic membrane 12b which is undried. The undried second polymer electrolytic membrane 12b is coated with a second electrode dispersion 13, which comprises a fourth polymer electrolytic solution and a catalyst carried on a catalyst carrier and dissolved therein.

Abstract: A method of forming a wiring pattern which includes the steps of: forming a resist pattern having a shrinkage-inhibiting effect on a substrate; releasing gas from the resist pattern by baking the resist pattern; film-forming an electrode material on the substrate and the resist pattern while the temperature of the substrate is kept lower than the baking temperature of the resist pattern; and removing the electrode material on the resist pattern by separating the resist pattern from the substrate.

Abstract: The ejector includes a diffuser, a nozzle, a needle, and a drive section. A throat portion and an increasing diameter portion are formed in a third conduit of the diffuser, and the nozzle and the needle are arranged coaxially with the third conduit. A first taper section of the needle is inserted into an aperture portion of the nozzle, and a second taper section is housed in the increasing diameter portion. A gap between the aperture portion and the first taper section constitutes a first fluid conduit, and a gap between the increasing diameter portion and the second taper section constitutes a second fluid conduit. The needle is provided so as to be shiftable in its axial direction by the drive section, and, by shifting the needle in its axial direction, it is possible to change both the first fluid conduit and the second fluid conduit simultaneously.

Abstract: A method of forming a dielectric thin film pattern, comprises the steps of: depositing a dielectric thin film on a substrate having a resist pattern thereon by a vapor deposition method, wherein as a material for the dielectric thin film, at least one of CeO.sub.2, Sm.sub.2 O.sub.3, Dy.sub.2 O.sub.3, Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and MgO is used; and removing the resist pattern whereby the dielectric thin film is patterned.

Abstract: In the cold rolling oils for steel sheets of the present invention, when 0.2-5% by weight of a high molecular nonionic surfactant having a molecular weight of 2000-15000 and an HLB value of 5-9, as well as 0.2-5% by weight of another nonionic surfactant having 12-16 HLB value, are incorporated with a cold rolling oil as emulsifying and dispersing agents, anti-coalescence of oil particles emulsified and dispersed are remarkably improved, and they are less affected by inclusion of iron powder so that excellent stability with time in an emulsified and dispersed state is obtained, as well as that its plateout is significantly improved. Further, the concentration of the resulting cold rolling oils does not decrease, even in case of weak stirring force, so that stable performance with time are obtained.In addition, when 0.

Abstract: In this invention provided are cold rolling oils for steel sheets which are applied for cold rolling of steel sheets and have excellent lubricity, lubrication stability, and fresh oil replenishing property.