Abstract: It is an object to provide a highly reliable semiconductor device with good electrical characteristics and a display device including the semiconductor device as a switching element. In a transistor including an oxide semiconductor layer, a needle crystal group provided on at least one surface side of the oxide semiconductor layer grows in a c-axis direction perpendicular to the surface and includes an a-b plane parallel to the surface, and a portion except for the needle crystal group is an amorphous region or a region in which amorphousness and microcrystals are mixed. Accordingly, a highly reliable semiconductor device with good electrical characteristics can be formed.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a highly reliable semiconductor device with good electrical characteristics and a display device including the semiconductor device as a switching element. In a transistor including an oxide semiconductor layer, a needle crystal group provided on at least one surface side of the oxide semiconductor layer grows in a c-axis direction perpendicular to the surface and includes an a-b plane parallel to the surface, and a portion except for the needle crystal group is an amorphous region or a region in which amorphousness and microcrystals are mixed. Accordingly, a highly reliable semiconductor device with good electrical characteristics can be formed.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a semiconductor device including an oxide semiconductor, in which miniaturization of a transistor is achieved and the concentration of an electric field is relieved. The width of a gate electrode is reduced and a space between a source electrode layer and a drain electrode layer is shortened. By adding a rare gas in a self-alignment manner with the use of a gate electrode as a mask, a low-resistance region in contact with a channel formation region can be provided in an oxide semiconductor layer. Accordingly, even when the width of the gate electrode, that is, the line width of a gate wiring is small, the low-resistance region can be provided with high positional accuracy, so that miniaturization of a transistor can be realized.

Abstract: A transmitter includes an OFDM symbol generator for generating an effective symbol including a plurality of sub-carriers orthogonal to each other in frequency and sequentially generating an OFDM symbol in which a signal in a first period from a first end of the effective symbol is added to a second end of the effective symbol as a guard interval, and a convolution filter for performing an convolution operation on data strings at a plurality of sampling points of the OFDM symbol, wherein when the convolution filter performs a convolution operation on the first data strings including a data string at the first end of the effective symbol, the convolution filter performs the convolution operation on the first data strings in which a data string at the second end of the effective symbol is cyclically added to a data string at the first end.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device where a semiconductor element is prevented from being damaged and throughput speed thereof is improved, even in a case of thinning or removing a supporting substrate after forming the semiconductor element over the supporting substrate.

Abstract: In a channel protected thin film transistor in which a channel formation region is formed using an oxide semiconductor, an oxide semiconductor layer which is dehydrated or dehydrogenated by a heat treatment is used as an active layer, a crystal region including nanocrystals is included in a superficial portion in the channel formation region, and the rest portion is amorphous or is formed of a mixture of amorphousness/non-crystals and microcrystals, where an amorphous region is dotted with microcrystals. By using an oxide semiconductor layer having such a structure, a change to an n-type caused by entry of moisture or elimination of oxygen to or from the superficial portion and generation of a parasitic channel can be prevented and a contact resistance with a source and drain electrodes can be reduced.

Abstract: To provide a transistor having a favorable electric characteristics and high reliability and a display device including the transistor. The transistor is a bottom-gate transistor formed using an oxide semiconductor for a channel region. An oxide semiconductor layer subjected to dehydration or dehydrogenation through heat treatment is used as an active layer. The active layer includes a first region of a superficial portion microcrystallized and a second region of the rest portion. By using the oxide semiconductor layer having such a structure, a change to an n-type, which is attributed to entry of moisture to the superficial portion or elimination of oxygen from the superficial portion, and generation of a parasitic channel can be suppressed. In addition, contact resistance between the oxide semiconductor layer and source and drain electrodes can be reduced.

Abstract: Even in the case of a sample exhibiting low photoresponse, such as a wide bandgap semiconductor, a measurement method which enables highly accurate CPM measurement is provided. When CPM measurement is performed, photoexcited carriers which are generated by light irradiation of a sample exhibiting low photoresponse such as a wide bandgap semiconductor are instantly removed by application of positive bias voltage to a third electrode which is provided in the sample in addition to two electrodes used for measurement. When the photoexcited carriers are removed, even in the case of the sample exhibiting low photoresponse, the controllability of a photocurrent value is improved and CPM measurement can be performed accurately.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device is provided, which includes a process in which a transistor is formed over a first substrate; a process in which a first insulating layer is formed over the transistor; a process in which a first conductive layer connected to a source or a drain of the transistor is formed; a process in which a second substrate provided with a second insulating layer is arranged so that the first insulating layer is attached to the second insulating layer; a process in which the second insulating layer is separated from the second substrate; and a process in which a third substrate provided with a second conductive layer which functions as an antenna is arranged so that the first conductive layer is electrically connected to the second conductive layer.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to improve the production efficiency in sealing a thin film integrated circuit and to prevent the damage and break. Further, it is another object of the invention to prevent a thin film integrated circuit from being damaged in shipment and to make it easier to handle the thin film integrated circuit. The invention provides a laminating system in which rollers are used for supplying a substrate for sealing, receiving IC chips, separating, and sealing. The separation, sealing, and reception of a plurality of thin film integrated circuits can be carried out continuously by rotating the rollers; thus, the production efficiency can be extremely improved. Further, the thin film integrated circuits can be easily sealed since a pair of rollers opposite to each other is used.

Abstract: An object is to provide a semiconductor device including an oxide semiconductor, which has stable electrical characteristics and high reliability. In a manufacturing process of a bottom-gate transistor including an oxide semiconductor layer, heat treatment in an atmosphere containing oxygen and heat treatment in vacuum are sequentially performed for dehydration or dehydrogenation of the oxide semiconductor layer. In addition, irradiation with light having a short wavelength is performed concurrently with the heat treatment, whereby elimination of hydrogen, OH, or the like is promoted. A transistor including an oxide semiconductor layer on which dehydration or dehydrogenation treatment is performed through such heat treatment has improved stability, so that variation in electrical characteristics of the transistor due to light irradiation or a bias-temperature stress (BT) test is suppressed.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a semiconductor device including an oxide semiconductor, in which miniaturization of a transistor is achieved and the concentration of an electric field is relieved. The width of a gate electrode is reduced and a space between a source electrode layer and a drain electrode layer is shortened. By adding a rare gas in a self-alignment manner with the use of a gate electrode as a mask, a low-resistance region in contact with a channel formation region can be provided in an oxide semiconductor layer. Accordingly, even when the width of the gate electrode, that is, the line width of a gate wiring is small, the low-resistance region can be provided with high positional accuracy, so that miniaturization of a transistor can be realized.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device where a semiconductor element is prevented from being damaged and throughput speed thereof is improved, even in a case of thinning or removing a supporting substrate after forming the semiconductor element over the supporting substrate.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device is provided, which includes a process in which a transistor is formed over a first substrate; a process in which a first insulating layer is formed over the transistor; a process in which a first conductive layer connected to a source or a drain of the transistor is formed; a process in which a second substrate provided with a second insulating layer is arranged so that the first insulating layer is attached to the second insulating layer; a process in which the second insulating layer is separated from the second substrate; and a process in which a third substrate provided with a second conductive layer which functions as an antenna is arranged so that the first conductive layer is electrically connected to the second conductive layer.

Abstract: The area occupied by a photo-sensor element may be reduced and multiple elements may be integrated in a limited area so that the sensor element can have higher output and smaller size. Higher output and miniaturization are achieved by uniting a sensor element using an amorphous semiconductor film (typically an amorphous silicon film) and an output amplifier circuit including a TFT with a semiconductor film having a crystal structure (typically a poly-crystalline silicon film) used as an active layer over a plastic film substrate that can resist the temperature in the process for mounting such as a solder reflow process. A sensor element that can resist bending stress can be obtained.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device where a semiconductor element is prevented from being damaged and throughput speed thereof is improved, even in a case of thinning or removing a supporting substrate after forming the semiconductor element over the supporting substrate.

Abstract: In a channel protected thin film transistor in which a channel formation region is formed using an oxide semiconductor, an oxide semiconductor layer which is dehydrated or dehydrogenated by a heat treatment is used as an active layer, a crystal region including nanocrystals is included in a superficial portion in the channel formation region, and the rest portion is amorphous or is formed of a mixture of amorphousness/non-crystals and microcrystals, where an amorphous region is dotted with microcrystals. By using an oxide semiconductor layer having such a structure, a change to an n-type caused by entry of moisture or elimination of oxygen to or from the superficial portion and generation of a parasitic channel can be prevented and a contact resistance with a source and drain electrodes can be reduced.

Abstract: A transmitter includes an OFDM symbol generator for generating an effective symbol including a plurality of sub-carriers orthogonal to each other in frequency and sequentially generating an OFDM symbol in which a signal in a first period from a first end of the effective symbol is added to a second end of the effective symbol as a guard interval, and a convolution filter for performing an convolution operation on data strings at a plurality of sampling points of the OFDM symbol, wherein when the convolution filter performs a convolution operation on the first data strings including a data string at the first end of the effective symbol, the convolution filter performs the convolution operation on the first data strings in which a data string at the second end of the effective symbol is cyclically added to a data string at the first end.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a highly reliable semiconductor device with good electrical characteristics and a display device including the semiconductor device as a switching element. In a transistor including an oxide semiconductor layer, a needle crystal group provided on at least one surface side of the oxide semiconductor layer grows in a c-axis direction perpendicular to the surface and includes an a-b plane parallel to the surface, and a portion except for the needle crystal group is an amorphous region or a region in which amorphousness and microcrystals are mixed. Accordingly, a highly reliable semiconductor device with good electrical characteristics can be formed.

Abstract: To provide a transistor having a favorable electric characteristics and high reliability and a display device including the transistor. The transistor is a bottom-gate transistor formed using an oxide semiconductor for a channel region. An oxide semiconductor layer subjected to dehydration or dehydrogenation through heat treatment is used as an active layer. The active layer includes a first region of a superficial portion microcrystallized and a second region of the rest portion. By using the oxide semiconductor layer having such a structure, a change to an n-type, which is attributed to entry of moisture to the superficial portion or elimination of oxygen from the superficial portion, and generation of a parasitic channel can be suppressed. In addition, contact resistance between the oxide semiconductor layer and source and drain electrodes can be reduced.