Abstract: A glass substrate is placed within a vacuum chamber with the surface on which an emissive layer forming an electroluminescence element is to be formed by evaporation facing downward. A mask is disposed within the vacuum chamber. A material of the emissive layer is adhered to the glass substrate through an opening of the mask, to thereby form the emissive layer. When the glass substrate and the mask are aligned, at least three sides of the glass substrate are supported by side supporting members.

Abstract: In manufacturing an electroluminescence display apparatus, after a substrate and a mask disposed below the substrate are aligned with each other, a material of an electroluminescence element is adhered to the substrate through an opening of the mask to form an electroluminescence element layer. Alignment of the substrate and the mask is performed while an upper surface of the substrate is supported by adsorption. Because the substrate is supported by adsorption during the alignment of the substrate and the mask, the flexure in the substrate can be inhibited. When a plurality of pins are provided on the mask side or the sides of the substrate are further supported by side supporting members, occurrence of flexure in the substrate can be more reliably inhibited.

Abstract: A glass substrate is placed within a vacuum chamber, with a surface of the glass substrate on which an emissive layer forming an electroluminescence element is to be formed by evaporation facing downward. A mask is disposed within the vacuum chamber. A material of the emissive layer is adhered to the glass substrate through an opening of the mask, to thereby form the emissive layer. While the glass substrate and the mask are aligned with each other, the glass substrate is supported by pins provided at the mask side.

Abstract: In an EL display having an EL element in which an emissive element layer is formed between an anode and a cathode, projections (pillars) (20) are formed on a base structure (10) in a region outside the emissive region, so that a hole transport layer, an emissive layer, and an electron transport layer can be formed through evaporation while the distance from the mask is maintained. Alternatively, the pillars (20) can be formed on the mask.

Abstract: An organic EL display in which the film thickness of an organic emissive layer is made uniform so as to increase the effective light emission area. An anode and a common cathode are formed for each pixel on the organic EL display. Switching by thin-film transistors causes current to flow between the anode and the cathode so that the organic EL element emits light. The organic EL element comprises a hole transport layer, the organic emissive layer, and an electron transport layer. Among a plurality of pixels disposed in a matrix configuration, the organic emissive layer is formed in common with adjacent pixels of the same color. Forming the organic emissive layer in common can prevent a decrease in the film thickness of the organic emissive layer at the edges of the shadow mask during vapor deposition and result in a uniform film thickness of the organic emissive layer.

Abstract: An electroluminescence (EL) device is resistant to external shock and has a prolonged service life. In the device, an emissive element substrate 18 has a first electrodes 12 formed on a substrate 10, an emissive element layer 16 formed over the first electrodes 12, and a second electrode 14 formed on the emissive layer 16. A sealing member 40 covers the second electrode 14 of the emissive element substrate 18. Shock buffers 20 in pillar, spherical, or sheet form are arranged in a gap 30 between the second electrode 14 and the sealing member 40. When the shock members 20 are made of a hard material, they are preferably arranged above the non-emissive areas in the EL device.

Abstract: On an insulating substrate, there are formed a first gate electrode, a gate insulating film, a semiconductor film, and an interlayer insulating film. Above the interlayer insulating film, a TFT is formed having a second gate electrode connected to the first gate electrode. Then, a photosensitive resin is formed over the entire surface of the extant layers. Subsequently, first exposure is applied using a first mask, and second exposure is then applied using a second mask with a larger amount of light than used for the first exposure. The second mask has an opening at a position corresponding to a source. Thereafter, the photosensitive resin film is developed thereby forming a contact hole and a concave.

Abstract: A vertical orientation type liquid crystal display having an orientation controlling means such as an orientation control window or an orientation control slope portion, wherein a storage capacitor electrode is disposed between a storage capacitor line extending across pixels and the liquid crystal, thereby blocking electric field generated by the storage capacitor line. This arrangement provides a liquid crystal display having a high display quality and free from orientation control disturbances due to storage capacitor lines.

Abstract: In an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus, a thin film transistor of staggered type is formed in the vicinity of the intersection of the gate line and the drain line. Moreover, in the above mentioned vicinity of the intersection of the drain line, a projection part extending in the longitudinal direction of the gate line is provided. This projection part functions essentially as the drain electrode. The confronting region, where the source electrode, the drain electrode and the projection part confront each other, is covered by the gate electrode constituting a part of the gate line. By providing the projection part in the drain line, and hence also forming the channel region in the confronting region of the source electrode and the projection part, this channel region becomes an isolated composition within the thin film transistor.

Abstract: A storage capacitor is constituted by a storage capacitor electrode, made of a transparent and conductive film extending substantially all over a substrate, and pixel electrodes overlapping with the storage capacitor electrode via an interlevel insulation layer. The storage capacitor holds charges. The storage capacitor electrode is positioned such that it faces the entire surface of the pixel electrodes. Since the transparent and conductive storage capacitor electrode does not reduce the aperture ratio, the storage capacitor can have a large capacitance. A signal voltage applied to the storage capacitor electrode is determined so as not to activate the thin film transistors which are not selected. A light-shielding layer is present at a position between pixel electrodes on or under the storage capacitor electrode. The light-shielding layer shields the thin film transistors, gate lines and drain lines from incident light, thereby preventing reduction of contrast of displayed pictures.

Abstract: In a liquid-crystal display, a gate line and a gate electrode for a thin film transistor, and constituting a part of the gate line, are formed to be narrower than the line width of an insulating layer disposed below them. A distance from the gate line and the gate electrode to a source electrode and a drain electrode for the thin film transistor, as well as a pixel electrode and a drain line disposed below the insulating layer, is increased by a difference between the line widths of the gate line and the gate electrode and the line width of the insulating layer. Thus, the possibility of a short-circuit occurring between the gate line and the gate electrode due to hillocks is lowered. Further, the line widths of the gate line and the gate electrode are adjusted by adjusting the etching quantity of the side faces of the gate line and the gate electrode.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display comprises pixel electrodes corresponding to respective pixels and storage capacitor electrodes which are disposed lying adjacent to each pixel electrode, with an insulation layer interposed therebetween. Input terminal electrodes are positioned at ends of a TFT substrate. An input capacitor is constituted by one storage capacitor electrode and one input terminal electrode which are positioned at opposite sides of the insulating layer interposed therebetween. Input capacitors are connected in series with the storage capacitor. A voltage of the storage capacitor electrode is controllable in response to a signal to the input terminal electrode as desired. The storage capacitor electrode and input terminal electrode can be shorted by irradiating a laser. In either case, it is not necessary to make a contact hole on an insulation layer using a dedicated mask so as to connect the input terminal electrode and storage capacitor electrode to the insulation layer.

Abstract: In production of a composite material such as an elongated Ti-base composite material advantageously used for eyeglass frames, a crude composite material formed by application of at least one surface layer of a component material to a base block by means of spraying processing is subsequently subjected to pressure application preferably with heat. A multi-layer construction can be easily obtained even starting from a base block of an intricate surface configuration thanks to employment of the spraying process, and the final pressure application assures strong diffusion bonding between the core block and the surface layers. The base block may be given in the form of a mold to be ultimately removed from the product.