Abstract: Apparatuses and processes for converting an oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether, in a fluidized bed containing a catalyst to hydrocarbons, such as gasoline boiling components, olefins and aromatics are provided herein.

Abstract: Apparatuses and processes for converting an oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol and dimethyl ether, in a fluidized bed containing a catalyst to hydrocarbons, such as gasoline boiling components, olefins and aromatics are provided herein.

Abstract: Apparatuses and processes for converting an oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether, in a fluidized bed containing a catalyst to hydrocarbons, such as gasoline boiling components, olefins and aromatics are provided herein.

Abstract: Apparatuses and processes for converting an oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol and dimethyl ether, in a fluidized bed containing a catalyst to hydrocarbons, such as gasoline boiling components, olefins and aromatics are provided herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel alkylation catalyst complex and to alkylation processes employing such a catalyst complex. More specifically, the invention relates to a novel catalyst complex comprising a BF.sub.3 :H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 adduct, and at least one polar hydrocarbon formed in situ. The catalyst complex may optionally include water as well as an added solubilizing agent. The invention further includes a pretreatment method for enhancing the isoparaffin selectivity of a catalyst complex containing a BF.sub.3 :H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 adduct.

Abstract: A method for upgrading an aromatics-containing charge composition boiling in the gasoline boiling range comprises i) contacting the charge composition with a nitrating agent under nitrating conditions to form a product comprising nitrated aromatics; ii) hydrogenating a feed containing the product of i) under conditions sufficient to substantially reduce the nitro group of the nitrated aromatics so as to form a product comprising aromatic amines, water and heavy amines; and iii) removing the water and heavy amines from the product of step ii) to provide a gasoline boiling range product of an octane rating greater than the charge composition.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst complex for promoting alkylation of an isoparaffin with an olefin, said catalyst complex comprising the reaction product of BF.sub.3 and at least one selected from the group consisting of H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 and H.sub.2 O; and, additionally, excess BF.sub.3 in concentration of from about 10 ppm (weight) to about 5 percent by weight of the total isoparaffin and olefin feed.The invention further provides a process for the alkylation of an isoparaffin with an olefin by contacting a mixture of isoparaffin and olefin with the catalyst complex of the invention, decanting the hydrocarbon product from the catalyst complex, and deacidifying the hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons are alkylated with relatively long chain alkylating agents, e.g., C.sub.8 + olefins, at mole ratio of aromatic to alkylating agent of not greater than about 5 in the presence of, as catalyst, a Lewis acid-promoted amorphous, porous inorganic oxide such as silica to provide long chain alkyl aromatic products which are useful, inter alia, as lubricating oil stocks.

Abstract: Light olefins are converted to gasoline with a high enough content of ethers to provide a significant octane improvement over a base (or `cracking`) gasoline (clear RON=90-92; clear MON=79-80). One portion of the olefins is hydrated to produce alcohols, and the other is used to synthesize an olefin-rich gasoline. The alcohols are used to etherify the gasoline. The combination of unit operations minimizes the energy needed to run the process for which no external solvent is needed. The process capitalizes on the higher solubility in gasoline of ethanol, propanol and butanol, compared to methanol. Besides having very low solubility in gasoline, etherification with methanol or ethanol produces an inadequately rewarding increase in octane number, compared to propanol or isopropanol. Taking advantage of the inherent chemical and physical properties of C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for upgrading C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 olefin-containing gasoline to a high octane motor gasoline blending component.C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins are hydrated to alcohols and then selectively removed from the aqueous hydration reactor effluent stream via liquid extraction with the gasoline feedstream. The alcohol enriched gasoline extract stream is then etherified and unreacted alcohols are extracted to yield a high octane gasoline blending component free of metal-bearing additives.

Abstract: An oligomerization system is provided for upgrading lower olefins to distillate hydrocarbons, especially useful as high quality jet or diesel fuels. The olefinic feedstock is reacted over a shape selective acid zeolite, such as ZSM-5, to oligomerize feedstock olefins and further convert recycled hydrocarbons. Reactor effluent is fractionated to recover a light-middle distillate range product stream and to obtain gasoline and heavy hydrocarbon streams for recycle.

Abstract: A improved process is provided for upgrading light olefins from hydrocarbon cracking, such as light crackate gas containing ethene, propene and other C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower aliphatics. The process comprises the steps of: maintaining an oligomerization reactor containing a fluidized bed of zeolite catalyst particles in a low severity reactor bed at oligomerization temperature conditions by passing hot olefinic gas upwardly through the fluidized catalyst bed under throughput rate conditions sufficient to convert at least 50 wt % of lower olefins to hydrocarbons in the C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 range; maintaining turbulent fluidized bed conditions through the fluidized bed by passing fresh ethene-rich feedstream gas upwardly through the fluidized catalyst bed and adding thereto sufficient recycled light byproduct gas to maintain a minimum gas velocity; cooling reaction effluent from the conversion zone to provide light gas byproduct and liquid hydrocarbon reaction product rich in C.sub.5 -C.sub.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons are alkylated with relatively long chain alkylating agents, e.g., C.sub.6 + olefins, in the presence of, as catalyst, certain Lewis acid-promoted zeolites to provide long chain aromatic products which are useful, inter alia, as lubricating oil stocks.

Abstract: Isoparaffin-olefin alkylation is carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid-promoted catalyst, said catalyst comprising a synthetic porous crystalline material characterized in its calcined form by an X-ray diffraction pattern including interplanar d-spacings at 12.36.+-.0.4, 11.03.+-.0.2, 8.83.+-.0.14, 6.18.+-.0.12, 6.00.+-.0.10, 4.06.+-.0.07, 3.91.+-.0.07 and 3.42.+-.0.06 Angstroms.

Abstract: Aliphatic oxygenates are converted to high octane gasoline by an integrated reactor system wherein three reaction zones are utilized. In a first reaction zone the oxygenates are directly converted to gasoline and an isobutane by-product. In a second reaction zone oxygenates are dehydrated to an intermediate product comprising C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins, which are then further reacted with the isobutane by-product in a third reaction zone to yield a gasoline alkylate. Ethylene-containing vapors may be separated from the second reaction zone and recycled to the first reaction zone for further processing.

Abstract: An improved continuous process for alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins to yield a product which includes a large proportion of highly branced paraffins for making gasoline having improved octane is taught. The improved process comprises contacting isoparaffins and olefins with a composite catalyst comprising a Lewis acid and a non-zeolitic inorganic oxide in the presence of a controlled amount of water. The process results in reduced catalyst aging and obviates environmental problems associated with prior art processes.

Abstract: A continuous multistage catalytic conversion system for upgrading lower olefins comprisingfirst adaibatic catalytic bed reactor means containing an acidic zeolite solid catalyst;means for feeding light olefinic gas directly to the first reactor without addition of separate diluent or recycle streams;means for operating the first reactor under olefin partial conversion conditions at elevated temperature to control adiabatic temperature increase;interstage quench means for injecting a liquid coolant directly into first stage effluent for reducing the temperature thereof and protecting downstream catalyst;second catalytic bed reactor means for receiving cooled first stage effluent with injected liquid coolant and further converting the olefins over a metallic zeolite catalyst having a metal ethene oligomerization component;means for cooling and recovering heavier liquid hydrocarbon product from the second reactor effluent; andmeans for recovering liquid coolant from the second effluent for recycle to the interst

Abstract: A multi-stage catalytic olefin upgrading reactor system for converting lower olefinic feedstock to heavier liquid hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: Olefin undergoes conversion in the presence of water to a mixture of alcohol and ether which is then subjected to various downstream operations including distillation and decantation to provide an ether-rich product containing little if any water. If desired the ether can be combined in any predetermined ratio with co-produced alcohol to provide alcohol/ether mixtures of desired composition. The foregoing process is especially suitable to the conversion of propylene and propylene-containing streams to diisopropyl ether and mixtures of isopropyl alcohol and diisopropyl ether which are useful, inter alia, as octane improves for gasoline.

Abstract: An improved fluidized bed process for upgrading olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock by contacting the feedstock with acidic siliceous zeolite conversion catalyst particles at elevated temperature under exothermic conditions to produce heavier hydrocarbons including gasoline range hydrocarbons. The improvement comprises maintaining a turbulent fluidized bed of catalyst particles by flowing hydrocarbon-containing vapor upwardly through said bed at less than transport velocity; and introducing liquid olefinic feedstock comprising at least one C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 diene component into the fluidized catalyst bed in a lower portion thereof by rapidly atomizing and vaporizing the liquid feedstock, thus converting feedstock to heavier hydrocarbon without substantial thermal diene degradation thereof prior to contacting conversion catalyst particles in the fluidized bed. A predominantly liquid product is recovered containing C.sub.4 -C.sub.9 hydrocarbons rich in olefins and aromatics.