Abstract: A process is disclosed for oligomerizing olefinic Fischer-Tropsch liquids to produce heavier hydrocarbons by converting olefinic feedstock containing oxygenated hydrocarbons over an acidic zeolite catalyst. The improvement comprises extracting oxygenates from the feedstock; converting the extracted feedstock in a primary stage distillate mode catalytic reactor system under low severity conditions at high pressure and moderate pressure; and recovering the oxygenates and light hydrocarbons from the primary stage for conversion in a secondary stage reactor system under high severity conditons at substantially higher temperature than the primary stage, thereby converting oxygenates and light hydrocarbons to heavier hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A catalytic process for converting an olefinic feedstock comprising lower olefin to heavier hydrocarbon product comprising the steps of:contacting the feedstock and a recycled hydrocarbon with shape-selective zeolite oligomerization catalyst in catalytic reaction zone at elevated temperature and pressure to provide a heavier hydrocarbon effluent stream comprising heavy, intermediate and light hydrocarbons;flashing the effluent stream between the reaction zone and a phase separation zone by reducing pressure of the effluent stream, thereby producing a heavy liquid stream rich in heavy hydrocarbons and a flashed effluent vapor stream containing lighter hydrocarbons;separating and recovering a recycle stream rich in intermediate range hydrocarbons from the separation zone and pressurizing the recycle stream for recycle to the reactor inlet;further fractionating the heavy liquid stream and flashed effluent vapor from the phase separation zone in first distillation tower to remove light hydrocarbons therefrom; and

Abstract: A reactor sequencing technique is useful for multi-stage hydrocarbon conversion systems employing a number of fixed bed catalytic reactors at various process temperatures and catalytic activity levels. A process for oligomerizing lower olefins (e.g., C.sub.2 -C.sub.6) is disclosed wherein catalyst partially inactivated in a primary stage is employed to effect conversion at higher temperature in a secondary stage prior to catalyst regeneration.

Abstract: A process is provided for catalytically dewaxing a middle distillate with a ZSM-5 type catalyst. In this process the olefinic by-product is separated and catalytically converted to additional fuel oil and gasoline of good quality.

Abstract: An integrated process is provided for converting methanol or the like to heavy hydrocarbon products, especially distillate range hydrocarbons. In a first stage catalytic process oxygenate feedstock is converted to lower olefins. Byproduct aromatics are passed through a second stage oligomerization reactor with olefins. Distillate range hydrocarbons are recovered and hydrotreated to provide an improved fuel product.

Abstract: An improved method for recovering and deasphalting tar sands comprises the use of at least two solvents in an extraction column to establish a liquid polarity gradient within it.

Abstract: A process for multi-solvent extraction is provided wherein polarity gradients induced by distillation are utilized for the extraction of petroleum residua and other heavy oils whereby a high quality maltenic fraction and a lower quality asphaltenic fraction are obtained.

Abstract: A process for the purification of liquefied coal is disclosed, employing a polarity gradient for fractionation. Maltenic and asphaltenic fractions are isolated. Integration of the fractionation process with additional processes such as distillation, partial oxidation, and catalytic hydrotreating is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing diesel fuel from coal-derived light fuel oils by alkylating said coal-derived light fuel oils with olefins and hydrotreating said alkylated product.

Abstract: The economics and thermal efficiency of an olefin-to-gasoline-conversion process utilizing catalyst beds is improved by separating the effluent product from the beds into a gas in a liquid phase, cooling the gas phase to form additional liquid and heat exchanging the liquid with the overhead gas from the separator.

Abstract: An improved process for converting an olefinic feedstock containing ethene and C.sub.3 .sup.+ alkenes to produce a heavy hydrocarbon product rich in distillate by contacting the feedstock with an oligomerization catalyst bed, at elevated pressure and temperature conditions in operating mode favorable to formation of heavy distillate product by selective conversion of C.sub.3 .sup.+ alkenes. The improvement comprises providing a distillate mode effluent stream containing substantially unconverted ethene in vapor phase and condensed distillate, and recovering unconverted ethene-rich hydrocarbon vapor from the distillate mode effluent stream and further converting such to olefinic gasoline in a second oligomerization catalyst bed at reduced moderate pressure and elevated temperature conditions in operating mode favorable to formation of C.sub.6 .sup.+ olefinic gasoline. At least a portion of the olefinic gasoline is recycled for conversion with the feedstock in the distillate mode catalyst bed.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feed for use in a catalytic conversion process that utilizes a zeolite catalyst, and that contains a catalytically deleterious impurity, is refined by contact with a zeolitic sorbent. The invention is applicable to dewaxing, with an example illustrating reduction by 100.degree. F. of the initial equilibrium (lineout) temperature by the method of this invention. Other reactions include conversions of aromatic hydrocarbons such as alkylation, isomerization and disproportionation.

Abstract: Catalytically dewaxed lubricating base stock oils that have improved resistance to oxidation are produced by pretreating the waxy furfural raffinate with a zeolite sorbent prior to dewaxing with a zeolite catalyst such as ZSM-5, and conducting the dewaxing at a reduced temperature not to exceed about 675.degree.-700.degree. F.

Abstract: Benzene, toluene and xylenes are prepared from heavy reformate in substantially the proportion in said reformate of single ring aromatic compounds bearing none, one or two methyl groups by contacting said heavy reformate at 800.degree.-1000.degree. F. with a zeolite of low acid activity.

Abstract: An improved method for deasphalting residua or heavy oils comprises the use of at least two solvents in an extraction column to establish a liquid polarity gradient within it.

Abstract: Water-soluble oxygenates of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis separated from water and acids are sequentially upgraded by a dehydration catalyst and a special zeolite catalyst to produce gasoline, LPG and light fuel oil.

Abstract: A process for the selective oligomerization of linear and branched chain C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 olefins is provided. The process comprises contacting of the said olefin in the liquid phase with ZSM-12 at temperatures of 80.degree. F. to 400.degree. F.

Abstract: Isomerization of xylenes in admixture with ethylbenzene by contact with a zeolite catalyst such as ZSM-5 is improved by use of zeolite which has been steamed at high temperature to reduce activity, the reaction being at a temperature above about 700.degree. F. At these conditions, conversion of ethylbenzene follows a different reaction path which permits high conversion of ethylbenzene to benzene without loss of xylenes of disproportionation.

Abstract: Isomerization of xylenes admixed with other alkyl aromatics of at least eight carbon atoms is conducted at essentially atmospheric pressure at 800.degree.-1000.degree. F. with a zeolite like zeolite ZSM-5 of reduced acid activity.

Abstract: Isomerization of xylenes in admixture with ethyl benzene by contact with a zeolite catalyst such as ZSM-5 is improved by use of zeolite having a substantial alkali metal content at a temperature above about 800.degree. F. At these conditions, conversion of ethylbenzene follows a different reaction path which permits high conversion of ethylbenzene to benzene without loss of xylenes by disproportionation.