Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus configured to provide a chart of content items to a plurality of user devices. The apparatus is configured to enable individual users to temporarily access one or more content items listed in the chart. The apparatus comprises a user device interface configured to communicate with user device applications and a permissions module configured to define user access permissions, including temporary user access permissions, relating to individual ones of the one or more items of content. The apparatus also provides a distribution module configured to implement permissions defined in the permission module in relation to user devices by making available one or more items of content listed in the chart to at least one user device application.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for evaluating a material are described. Embodiments typically involve use of an impedance measurement sensor to measure the impedance of a sample of the material under at least two different states of illumination. The states of illumination may include (a) substantially no optical stimulation, (b) substantial optical stimulation, (c) optical stimulation at a first wavelength of light, (d) optical stimulation at a second wavelength of light, (e) a first level of light intensity, and (f) a second level of light intensity. Typically a difference in impedance between the impedance of the sample at the two states of illumination is measured to determine a characteristic of the material.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus configured to provide a chart of content items to a plurality of user devices. The apparatus is configured to enable individual users to temporarily access one or more content items listed in the chart. The apparatus comprises a user device interface configured to communicate with user device applications and a permissions module configured to define user access permissions, including temporary user access permissions, relating to individual ones of the one or more items of content. The apparatus also provides a distribution module configured to implement permissions defined in the permission module in relation to user devices by making available one or more items of content listed in the chart to at least one user device application.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for rapid fractionation of hydrocarbon phases in a sample fluid stream are disclosed. Examples of the disclosed apparatus and method include an assembly of elements in fluid communication with one another including one or more valves and at least one sorbent chamber for removing certain classifications of hydrocarbons and detecting the remaining fractions using a detector. The respective ratios of hydrocarbons are determined by comparison with a non separated fluid stream.

Abstract: An apparatus is configured to provide a chart of content items to user devices. The apparatus is configured to enable individual users to temporarily access one or more content items listed in the chart. The apparatus includes a user device interface configured to communicate with user device applications and a permissions module configured to define user access permissions, including temporary user access permissions, relating to individual ones of the one or more items of content. The apparatus also provides a distribution module configured to implement permissions defined in the permission module in relation to user devices by making available one or more items of content listed in the chart to at least one user device application.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for evaluating a material are described. Embodiments typically involve use of an impedance measurement sensor to measure the impedance of a sample of the material under at least two different states of illumination. The states of illumination may include (a) substantially no optical stimulation, (b) substantial optical stimulation, (c) optical stimulation at a first wavelength of light, (d) optical stimulation at a second wavelength of light, (e) a first level of light intensity, and (f) a second level of light intensity. Typically a difference in impedance between the impedance of the sample at the two states of illumination is measured to determine a characteristic of the material.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for rapid fractionation of hydrocarbon phases in a sample fluid stream are disclosed. Examples of the disclosed apparatus and method include an assembly of elements in fluid communication with one another including one or more valves and at least one sorbent chamber for removing certain classifications of hydrocarbons and detecting the remaining fractions using a detector. The respective ratios of hydrocarbons are determined by comparison with a non separated fluid stream.

Abstract: The invention provides a method to remove and/or prevent formation of precipitates in biofuel. The methods comprise subjecting the biofuel to ultrasonic energy.

Abstract: An improved clamp constricting objects to be held in place including hoses wires tubes. One embodiment having some or all plastic molded parts one of which is a support base (10) to one side is attached a partially grooved or fully flexible grooved band strap (13) where as the other end is free to enter a band strap entrance port (26) thereby contact is made with a matching grooved rotating cylinder (12) held by two bearings. The band strap (13) advances encircling objects to be held. The support base top (11) is closed and locked by the rapid release hold down top lock (20) confining the grooved molded rotating cylinder (12) engaging a flexible paw (17) allowing advancing rotation only, preventing the grooved molded band strap (13) from retracting. Six sided wrench or tool is inserted into the cylinder cavity (15) forcefully rotating the grooved rotating cylinder (12) advancing the flexible grooved band strap (13) through exit port (27) being held down by band strap retainers (18).

Abstract: An improved clamp constricting objects to be held in place including hoses wires tubes. One embodiment having some or all plastic molded parts one of which is a support base (10) to one side is attached a partially grooved or fully flexible grooved band strap (13) where as the other end is free to enter a band strap entrance port (26) thereby contact is made with a matching grooved rotating cylinder (12) held by two bearings. The band strap (13) advances encircling objects to be held. The support base top (11) is closed and locked by the rapid release hold down top lock (20) confining the grooved molded rotating cylinder (12) engaging a flexible paw (17) allowing advancing rotation only, preventing the grooved molded band strap (13) from retracting. Six sided wrench or tool is inserted into the cylinder cavity (15) forcefully rotating the grooved rotating cylinder (12) advancing the flexible grooved band strap (13) through exit port (27) being held down by band strap retainers (18).

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus configured to provide a chart of content items to a plurality of user devices. The apparatus is configured to enable individual users to temporarily access one or more content items listed in the chart. The apparatus comprises a user device interface configured to communicate with user device applications and a permissions module configured to define user access permissions, including temporary user access permissions, relating to individual ones of the one or more items of content. The apparatus also provides a distribution module configured to implement permissions defined in the permission module in relation to user devices by making available one or more items of content listed in the chart to at least one user device application.

Abstract: A method to reduce NOx, emissions from diesel fuel alcohol microemulsions (E-diesel) is taught. Ethanol is stripped from the microemulsion and entered into the exhaust gasses upstream of the reducing catalyst. The method allows diesel engines to meet new, lower emission standards without having to carry separate fuel and reductant tanks.

Abstract: Provided herein are defoaming agents that comprise lecithin and a solvent. Optionally, they may comprise hydrophobic particles. One embodiment provides a method comprising: providing a well fluid that comprises foam; providing a defoaming agent that comprises lecithin and a solvent; and contacting the well fluid with the defoaming agent so that the amount of foam present in the well fluid is reduced.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the treatment of subterranean formations, and more specifically, treatment fluids containing vitrified shale and methods of using these treatment fluids in subterranean formations, are provided. An example of a method is a method of displacing a fluid in a well bore. Another example of a method is a method of separating fluids in a well bore in a subterranean formation. An example of a composition is a spacer fluid comprising vitrified shale and a base fluid.

Abstract: Provided herein are organophilic clays that comprise a smectite clay modified by reaction with a protonated amphoteric surfactant. Also provided are fluids that comprise an oil and an organophilic clay comprising a smectite clay modified by reaction with a protonated amphoteric surfactant. Also provided are methods of preparing and using these organophilic clays.

Abstract: Provided herein are organophilic clays that comprise a smectite clay modified by reaction with a protonated amphoteric surfactant. Also provided are fluids that comprise an oil and an organophilic clay comprising a smectite clay modified by reaction with a protonated amphoteric surfactant. Also provided are methods of preparing and using these organophilic clays.

Abstract: A method of servicing a wellbore in contact with a subterranean formation, comprising: placing a sealant composition comprising a cementitious material and a cationic latex into the wellbore.

Abstract: A wellbore sealant composition comprising a cementitious material and a cationic latex into the wellbore.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the density of a well cement composition for cementing in a subterranean formation. The method comprises providing a cement composition that comprises water and a cement, and then adding an additive comprising an anionic foam stabilizer and an anionic foaming agent or a Zwitterionic foam booster. A gas is added to this mixture to reduce the density. Further, foamed cement compositions and additives for foaming and stabilizing a well cement composition are provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the density of a well cement composition for cementing in a subterranean formation. The method comprises providing a cement composition that comprises water and a cement, and then adding an additive comprising an anionic foam stabilizer and an anionic foaming agent or a Zwitterionic foam booster. A gas is added to this mixture to reduce the density. Further, foamed cement compositions and additives for foaming and stabilizing a well cement composition are provided.