Abstract: A cathode active material precursor according to embodiments of the present invention includes nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) and includes an excess amount of Ni. A101/A001 is 1 or more and I101/I001 is 1 or more. A101 is a peak area of (101) plane, and A001 is a peak area of (001) plane by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and I101 is a peak intensity of (101) plane, and I001 is a peak intensity of (001) plane by the XRD analysis. A cathode and a lithium secondary battery having improved crystallinity and long-term stability using the cathode active material precursor.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a preliminary lithium metal oxide particle is prepared. The preliminary lithium metal oxide particle is cleaned using a boron compound cleaning solution. A cathode active material for a lithium secondary particle includes a lithium metal oxide particle where a ratio of a B+ peak intensity relative to a sum of peak intensities of Li+, B+ and LiB+ fragments by a TOF-SIMS analysis is in a range from 0.03% to 1.5%.

Abstract: A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium metal oxide particle, and an organic poly-phosphate or an organic poly-phosphonate formed on at least portion of a surface of the lithium metal oxide particle. Chemical stability of the lithium metal oxide particle may be improved and surface residues may be reduced by the organic poly-phosphate or the organic poly-phosphonate.

Abstract: A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium metal oxide particle and a thio-based compound formed on at least portion of a surface of the lithium metal oxide particle. The thio-based compound has a double bond that contains a sulfur atom. Chemical stability of the lithium metal oxide particle may be improved and surface residues may be reduced by the thio-based compound.

Abstract: A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium-aluminum-titanium oxide formed on a surface of a lithium metal oxide particle having a specific formula. The cathode active material may have an improved structural stability even in a high temperature condition.

Abstract: A method and a system for a game are disclosed. The method includes steps displaying a determination region in at least one section distinguished by neighboring points, on a virtual passage formed by a plurality of points sequentially connected with each other. The method also includes displaying an object moving along the virtual passage on a screen, and determining an accuracy or success/failure of a user input based on a position of the object at a time when the user input is detected and a position of the determination region.

Abstract: The various inventions disclosed, described, and/or claimed herein relate to the field of methods for n-doping organic semiconductors with certain bis-metallosandwich compounds, the doped compositions produced, and the uses of the doped compositions in organic electronic devices. Metals can be manganese, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, or iridium. Stable and efficient doping can be achieved.

Abstract: The various inventions disclosed, described, and/or claimed herein relate to the field of methods for n-doping organic semiconductors with certain bis-metallosandwich compounds, the doped compositions produced, and the uses of the doped compositions in organic electronic devices. Metals can be manganese, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, or iridium. Stable and efficient doping can be achieved.

Abstract: A method and a system for a game are disclosed. The method includes steps displaying a determination region in at least one section distinguished by neighboring points, on a virtual passage formed by a plurality of points sequentially connected with each other. The method also includes displaying an object moving along the virtual passage on a screen, and determining an accuracy or success/failure of a user input based on a position of the object at a time when the user input is detected and a position of the determination region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for focusing particle beams using a radiation pressure capable of obtaining the same flow amount and a narrower particle beam width with respect to the particle size and a higher numeral density. It is possible to form the particle beams by applying the radiation pressure to the particles with respect to the flow condition that cannot form the particle beams with respect to the set particle sizes. There is provided an apparatus for focusing particle beams using a radiation pressure, comprising an orifice part that is provided at a predetermined portion of the flow tube, and a lens having a hole with a predetermined diameter for thereby focusing the particle flow into a particle beam and applying a radiation pressure to the flow particles; and a light source supply part (A) provided at a portion opposite to the discharge outlet of the mixing tube.

Abstract: A button cover holding mechanism in which an angle between a button cover and a body is constantly maintained when the button cover of a portable telephone is in an open condition, and the button cover is maintained in a closed condition when the portable telephone is in the closed condition, which is more convenient for a user to open and close the button cover. The button cover holding mechanism of a portable telephone has a cylindrical bush, a cylindrical ring and a spring inserted into circular holes of a button cover, covered with a cover mounting projection, and sealed by an ultrasonic connection technique; such that an opposite cylindrical ring is inserted into a reception guide rail of a body by positioning the cylindrical bush of the button cover toward a projection bar of the body, and the cylindrical bush and the cylindrical ring are outwardly positioned by a restoring force of the spring so that a trough portion of the cylindrical bush is assembled in contact with the projection bar.