Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other. A color filter is positioned on the first substrate. A liquid crystal layer is interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. A first polarizer is positioned on an outer surface of the first substrate. A first compensation film is positioned on an outer surface of the first polarizer. A second compensation film is positioned on an outer surface of the second substrate. A third compensation film is positioned on an outer surface of the second compensation film. A second polarizer is positioned on an outer surface of the third compensation film. The second compensation film includes a negative C-plate, and the third compensation film includes a biaxial film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display, including: a first substrate and a second substrate, which face each other; a color filter disposed on the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first polarizing plate disposed outside the first substrate; a first compensation film disposed outside the first polarizing plate; a second compensation film disposed outside the second substrate; and a second polarizing plate disposed outside the second compensation film, in which the second compensation film includes a biaxial film, and the first substrate and the second substrate include a poly-amide (PA) having an optical characteristic of a negative C-plate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprises a surface light source, a lower polarizing plate disposed on the surface light source, a liquid crystal layer disposed on the lower polarizing plate, a retardation layer disposed on the liquid crystal layer and an upper polarizing plate disposed on the retardation layer, wherein the lower polarizing plate is a reflective polarizing plate exhibiting positive C phase difference characteristics, and the retardation layer exhibits positive A phase difference characteristics.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning a substrate includes a suction unit generating a suction force, a suction head suctioning contamination particles remaining on the substrate that is transferred in a first direction by using the suction force, and a suction tube connected to the suction unit and the suction head so as to transfer the suction force into the suction head and providing the contamination particles suctioned by the suction head into the suction unit. The suction head may include: a plurality of suction regions arranged in a second direction crossing the first direction; and a plurality of shutters for opening and closing the suction regions. The suction regions corresponding to a width of the substrate in the second direction are opened by the shutters so as to suction the contamination particles.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a liquid crystal display including: a first substrate and a second substrate which are opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer which is interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first polarizer which is disposed outside the first substrate and includes a reflective polarization film, a first compensation film which is disposed outside the second substrate and includes a biaxial film, and a second polarizer which is disposed outside the first compensation film, in which a thickness direction retardation value of the biaxial film is 300 nm to 380 nm.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a polarizing plate includes fabricating a base film, dyeing the base film by using iodine, stretching the base film to form a polarizing film, firstly drying the polarizing film at a first temperature, and secondly drying the polarizing film while sequentially increasing a temperature from the first temperature to a second temperature higher than the first temperature. The polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display including the same are manufactured through the above method.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning a substrate includes a suction unit generating a suction force, a suction head suctioning contamination particles remaining on the substrate that is transferred in a first direction by using the suction force, and a suction tube connected to the suction unit and the suction head so as to transfer the suction force into the suction head and providing the contamination particles suctioned by the suction head into the suction unit. The suction head may include: a plurality of suction regions arranged in a second direction crossing the first direction; and a plurality of shutters for opening and closing the suction regions. The suction regions corresponding to a width of the substrate in the second direction are opened by the shutters so as to suction the contamination particles.

Abstract: A display device includes a lens with an adjustable refractive index. The display device includes a display panel including a plurality of pixels, a backlight unit positioned at a back side of the display panel to emit light of a first color and light of a second color to the display panel at different times, the first color and the second color being different from each other; and a lens unit positioned at a front side of the display panel to form at least one lens in a 3D mode. The lens unit includes a plurality of electrodes for adjusting a refractive index of the lens, and a signal applied to the electrodes when the backlight unit emits the light of the first color is different from a signal applied to the electrodes when the backlight unit emits the light of the second color.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for improving the accuracy of intra-prediction in order to improve encoding and decoding efficiency. The video decoding method may improve the prediction efficiency for the current pixel to be predicted by referring to the degree of variation in surrounding pixels, to thereby effectively decode the bit stream with improved encoding efficiency. In addition, an additional prediction candidate is used to achieve improved accuracy of intra-prediction, and the thus-improved accuracy of intra-prediction may reduce residual components and improve encoding efficiency. Further, an improved planar mode is utilized to achieve improved intra-prediction.

Abstract: A polarizer includes a first laminated structure having a first layer with a first refractive index and a second layer with a second refractive index, wherein the first and second refractive indices are different from each other. A buffer layer is disposed on the first laminated structure. A second laminated structure in the polarizer has a third layer with a third refractive index and a fourth layer with a fourth refractive index, wherein the third and fourth refractive indices are different from each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer and a phase difference compensation film disposed on the first substrate, where the phase difference compensation film includes a fluorine resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus for in real time detecting biological particles and non-biological particles in the atmosphere, the apparatus comprising: an impactor adapted to sort the biological particles and non-biological particles absorbed from the outside by size; a charger adapted to charge the biological particles and non-biological particles sorted by means of the impactor to specific charge (positive or negative charge); a separator adapted to introduce the biological particles and non-biological particles charged by the charger thereinto and to sort the biological particles and non-biological particles charged to different charge quantities from each other; and a particle measurement sensor adapted to measure the concentrations of the particles discharged from an outlet.

Abstract: A display device includes a lens with an adjustable refractive index. The display device includes a display panel including a plurality of pixels, a backlight unit positioned at a back side of the display panel to emit light of a first color and light of a second color to the display panel at different times, the first color and the second color being different from each other; and a lens unit positioned at a front side of the display panel to form at least one lens in a 3D mode. The lens unit includes a plurality of electrodes for adjusting a refractive index of the lens, and a signal applied to the electrodes when the backlight unit emits the light of the first color is different from a signal applied to the electrodes when the backlight unit emits the light of the second color.

Abstract: A polarizer includes a reflective polarizer main body and an Rth compensation layer. The reflective polarizer main body includes a repetitively laminated structure, the repetitively laminated structure including two layers of different refractive indices repetitively disposed on one another. The Rth phase compensation layer is disposed at one side of the reflective polarizer main body. The Rth phase compensation layer is configured to compensate for a phase difference in an Rth direction.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate on which a thin film transistor is positioned, a pixel electrode positioned on the thin film transistor and connected to the thin film transistor, a roof layer separated from the pixel electrode via a microcavity interposed therebetween, and a liquid crystal layer positioned in the microcavity and including a liquid crystal material and a dichroic dye.

Abstract: An optical film may include a polarizer configured to linearly polarize a first light to provide a linearly polarized light component. The optical film may further include a first semi-transmissive film overlapping the polarizer, configured to transmit the linearly polarized light component, and configured to reflect a first circularly polarized component of a second light. The first circularly polarized component of the second light may have a first wavelength. The optical film may further include a second semi-transmissive film overlapping the first semi-transmissive film, configured to transmit the linearly polarized light component, and configured to reflect a second circularly polarized component of the second light. The second circularly polarized component of the second light may have a second wavelength that is unequal to the first wavelength.

Abstract: A 3D image display apparatus featuring a new polarization system is introduced which minimizes crosstalk between stereoimages. The polarization system includes a shutter panel that shifts the phase of an incident light, a polarizing film disposed between the shutter panel and an observer, a first retardation film disposed between the shutter panel and the polarizing film, a second retardation film disposed between the polarizing film and the first retardation film to correspond to the left eye of the observer, and a third retardation film disposed between the polarizing film and the first retardation film to correspond to the right eye of the observer.

Abstract: Provided is a shutter panel including a first substrate on which a plurality of electric field forming electrodes are parallel to each other, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed on the first and second substrates. Each of the electric field forming electrodes has both side surfaces facing the adjacent electric field forming electrodes, and both side surfaces are provided with protrusion parts protruding toward the adjacent electric field forming electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer and a phase difference compensation film disposed on the first substrate, where the phase difference compensation film includes a fluorine resin.