Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for providing a network switching service to a user equipment.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for a user equipment, a core network, and a second device to enable bidirectional communication for second devices. The method of the second device may include receiving internet protocol (IP) configuration information for automatically configuring an IP version 6 (IPv6) address of the second device from a core network through a user equipment; generating the IPv6 address using information in the IP configuration information; and transmitting the generated IPv6 address to the core network through the UE.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of depositing a transition metal single-atom catalyst including preparing a carbon carrier, and depositing a transition metal single-atom catalyst on the carbon carrier, in which the carbon carrier is surface-treated by an oxidation process, and wherein the deposition is carried out by an arc plasma process.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for providing a multi virtual local area network service to user equipments.

Abstract: Controlling a speed limit includes determining a virtual vehicle speed as being a lower one of a vehicle speed and a target limit speed, determining a virtual APS value as being a larger one of a first APS value and a second APS value, transitioning to a second mode at a point in time at which an actual APS value and the second APS value become different, when it is expected to transition to the second mode, among a first mode for sustaining a SOC of a battery at the target limit speed and the second mode for depleting the SOC, and determining a transmission gear position by applying the determined virtual vehicle speed and the determined virtual APS value to one of a first shifting pattern and a second shifting pattern.

Abstract: A brake lamp control method of a vehicle is provided. The method includes determining whether a deceleration of the vehicle based on regenerative brake through the electric motor is present in a hysteresis period between an off threshold as a reference for turning off a brake lamp and an on threshold as a reference for turning on the brake lamp. When the deceleration of the vehicle is present in the hysteresis period, the method includes determining a state of the brake lamp before the deceleration of the vehicle enters the hysteresis period. In response to determining that the brake lamp is turned on or off for a reason except for the regenerative brake before the deceleration of the vehicle enters the hysteresis period, a request for turning on the brake lamp is set or reset based on the regenerative brake in response to the determined state of the brake lamp.

Abstract: In a method for fabricating an electronic device including a semiconductor memory, the method includes: forming stack structures, each of the stack structures including a variable resistance pattern; forming capping layers on the stack structures, the capping layers including an impurity; forming a gap fill layer between the stack structures; and removing the impurity from the capping layers and densifying the gap fill layer by irradiating the capping layers and the gap fill layer with ultraviolet light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water and oil type fryer minimizing the transfer of heat from a layer of oil for frying to a water layer, the water and oil type fryer comprising: an oil cask for frying having a connection pipe having a predetermined cross-sectional area ratio; a gas burner supplying heat to a heating flow path, or an electric heater directly supplying heat to oil for frying; a container for cleaning having a drain pipe, and simultaneously accommodating oil which is connected with oil in the oil cask through the connection pipe, and water which forms a boundary with the oil; and a sediment layer discharge pipe positioned below a boundary surface of oil and water.

Abstract: An electronic device and a wireless network access method in the electronic device. The wireless network access method includes obtaining at least one of wireless network access information associated with a wireless network that is capable of communicating with the electronic device and effectiveness information. The at least one of network access information and effectiveness information is transmitted information to an external device with respect to the electronic device such that the external device determines whether to access the wireless network or to release the access to the wireless network based on the received at least one information.

Abstract: In a method for fabricating an electronic device including a semiconductor memory, the method includes: forming stack structures, each of the stack structures including a variable resistance pattern; forming capping layers on the stack structures, the capping layers including an impurity; forming a gap fill layer between the stack structures; and removing the impurity from the capping layers and densifying the gap fill layer by irradiating the capping layers and the gap fill layer with ultraviolet light.

Abstract: In a method for fabricating an electronic device including a semiconductor memory, the method includes: forming stack structures, each of the stack structures including a variable resistance pattern; forming capping layers on the stack structures, the capping layers including an impurity; forming a gap fill layer between the stack structures; and removing the impurity from the capping layers and densifying the gap fill layer by irradiating the capping layers and the gap fill layer with ultraviolet light.

Abstract: An electronic device and a wireless network access method in the electronic device. The wireless network access method includes obtaining at least one of wireless network access information associated with a wireless network that is capable of communicating with the electronic device and effectiveness information. The at least one of network access information and effectiveness information is transmitted information to an external device with respect to the electronic device such that the external device determines whether to access the wireless network or to release the access to the wireless network based on the received at least one information.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a semiconductor memory that includes: first and second lines spaced apart from each other and crossing each other; a third line spaced apart from the second line and crossing the second line; a first variable resistance element interposed between the first and second lines and overlapping an intersection of the first and second lines; a second variable resistance element interposed between the second and third lines and overlapping an intersection of the second and third lines, a part of the second variable resistance element generating a greater amount of heat than a part of the first variable resistance element when a current flows through the first variable resistance element in an opposite direction to a current flowing through the second variable resistance element; and a material layer serially connected with the second variable resistance element, disposed between the second and third lines, and exhibiting electrical resistance.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a semiconductor memory that includes: first and second lines spaced apart from each other and crossing each other; a third line spaced apart from the second line and crossing the second line; a first variable resistance element interposed between the first and second lines and overlapping an intersection of the first and second lines; a second variable resistance element interposed between the second and third lines and overlapping an intersection of the second and third lines, a part of the second variable resistance element generating a greater amount of heat than a part of the first variable resistance element when a current flows through the first variable resistance element in an opposite direction to a current flowing through the second variable resistance element; and a material layer serially connected with the second variable resistance element, disposed between the second and third lines, and exhibiting electrical resistance.

Abstract: An electronic device and a wireless network access method in the electronic device. The wireless network access method includes obtaining at least one of wireless network access information associated with a wireless network that is capable of communicating with the electronic device and effectiveness information. The at least one of network access information and effectiveness information is transmitted information to an external device with respect to the electronic device such that the external device determines whether to access the wireless network or to release the access to the wireless network based on the received at least one information.

Abstract: In a method for fabricating an electronic device including a semiconductor memory, the method includes: forming stack structures, each of the stack structures including a variable resistance pattern; forming capping layers on the stack structures, the capping layers including an impurity; forming a gap fill layer between the stack structures; and removing the impurity from the capping layers and densifying the gap fill layer by irradiating the capping layers and the gap fill layer with ultraviolet light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water and oil type fryer minimizing the transfer of heat from a layer of oil for frying to a water layer, the water and oil type fryer comprising: an oil cask for frying having a connection pipe having a predetermined cross-sectional area ratio; a gas burner supplying heat to a heating flow path, or an electric heater directly supplying heat to oil for frying; a container for cleaning having a drain pipe, and simultaneously accommodating oil which is connected with oil in the oil cask through the connection pipe, and water which forms a boundary with the oil; and a sediment layer discharge pipe positioned below a boundary surface of oil and water.

Abstract: An electronic device and a wireless network access method in the electronic device. The wireless network access method includes obtaining at least one of wireless network access information associated with a wireless network that is capable of 5 communicating with the electronic device and effectiveness information. The at least one of network access information and effectiveness information is transmitted information to an external device with respect to the electronic device such that the external device determines whether to access the wireless network or to release the access to the wireless network based on the received at least one information.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a metal layer on a substrate, forming a plurality of layers of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element on the metal layer, forming a carbon layer including a hole, wherein the hole penetrates through the carbon layer, forming a metal pattern in the hole of the carbon layer, removing the carbon layer; and patterning the plurality of layers of the MTJ element using the metal pattern as an etching mask.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor memory device with a vertical channel transistor includes forming a plurality of pillars each having a hard mask pattern thereon over a substrate, each of the plurality of pillars comprising an upper pillar and a lower pillar; forming a surround type gate electrode surrounding the lower pillar; forming an insulation layer filling a space between the pillars; forming a preliminary trench by primarily etching the insulation layer using a mask pattern for a word line until a portion of the upper pillar is exposed; forming a buffer layer over a resultant structure including the preliminary trench except on a bottom of the preliminary trench; and forming a trench for a word line by secondarily etching the insulation layer until the surround type gate electrode is exposed.