Abstract: An integrated circuit for near field communication (NFC) is provided. The integrated circuit includes a semiconductor substrate; a first transmitter disposed on the semiconductor substrate and configured to operate in a first NFC card mode, an NFC reader mode, and a peer-to-peer mode; a second transmitter disposed on the semiconductor substrate and configured to operate in a second NFC card mode; first transmitting pins connected to the semiconductor substrate and configured to transmit an output signal of the first transmitter to a first NFC antenna; second transmitting pins connected to the semiconductor substrate and configured to transmit an output signal of the second transmitter to a second NFC antenna; and a logic circuit disposed on the semiconductor substrate and configured to receive a control signal, and control an operation of the first transmitter and an operation of the second transmitter based on the control signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first coil section that receives a first clock signal from a reader, a power generator that is electrically connected to the first coil section in accordance with a switching operation of a switch, a first near-field communication (NFC) chip that is electrically connected to the power generator and receives electric power in accordance with the first clock signal, a second NFC chip that generates a switching operation control signal for controlling the switching operation of the switch, and a second coil section that is electrically connected to the second NFC chip and receives a second clock signal from the reader.

Abstract: A wireless power transceiver includes input generator, inverter, battery, antenna, impedance matching circuit, and mode voltage changer. The input generator outputs an input voltage as a primary input voltage and a secondary input voltage in a power transmitting mode. The input generator outputs a power supply voltage as a primary input voltage and outputs a ground voltage as a secondary input voltage in a power receiving mode. The inverter outputs to the second node, an inverted version of the input voltage in the power transmitting mode, and outputs to the first node, a rectified voltage of the second node in power receiving mode. The impedance matching circuit is connected between the second node and the antenna. The mode voltage changer converts a battery voltage of the battery to output the power supply voltage in the power transmitting mode, and charges the battery with a voltage converted from the power supply voltage in the power receiving mode.

Abstract: A near field communication (NFC) package in a portable device and method thereof are provided. The NFC package includes a secure storage device configured to store data, and an NFC controller configured to receive data from the secure storage device, provide the received data to a first external terminal by performing an NFC communication in an NFC mode, and provide the received data to a second external terminal by performing a magnetic secure transmission (MST) communication in an MST mode.

Abstract: An amplitude shift keying (ASK) demodulator and a communication apparatus including the same are provided. The ASK demodulator includes an envelope detector, a clock generator, a plurality of elementary demodulators, and a post signal processor. The envelope detector is configured to detect an envelope of an ASK modulated signal and to generate an envelope signal. The clock generator is configured to generate a main clock signal and first through n-th clock signals, where n is a positive integer of at least 2. The plurality of elementary demodulators are each configured to sample the envelope signal using a first sampling clock signal and a second sampling clock signal, and to output first through n-th elementary demodulated signals based on a difference between the sampled envelope signals using the first sampling clock signal and the second sampling clock signal.

Abstract: A wireless communication device includes an antenna, a transceiver, a filter circuit and an attenuation circuit. The transceiver includes a transmission electrode and a receive electrode, and communicates with an external device through the antenna. The filter circuit is coupled between the transmission electrode and the antenna, and includes a harmonic trap circuit that eliminates a harmonic element of a carrier frequency of an outgoing signal provided from the transceiver through the transmission electrode. The attenuation circuit is coupled between the receive electrode and the antenna, and provides an incoming signal received through the antenna to the receive electrode after reducing a voltage of the incoming signal.

Abstract: An amplitude shift keying (ASK) demodulator and a communication apparatus including the same are provided. The ASK demodulator includes an envelope detector, a clock generator, a plurality of elementary demodulators, and a post signal processor. The envelope detector is configured to detect an envelope of an ASK modulated signal and to generate an envelope signal. The clock generator is configured to generate a main clock signal and first through n-th clock signals, where n is a positive integer of at least 2. The plurality of elementary demodulators are each configured to sample the envelope signal using a first sampling clock signal and a second sampling clock signal, and to output first through n-th elementary demodulated signals based on a difference between the sampled envelope signals using the first sampling clock signal and the second sampling clock signal.

Abstract: A cap assembly and a secondary battery including the cap assembly including a cap-down, and at least a portion thereof is configured to open when pressure is applied to the cap-down, a vent portion, and at least a portion thereof is configured to open when pressure is applied to the vent portion, and a cap-up electrically connected to the vent portion.

Abstract: A contactless card includes an inductive circuit configured to send and receive signals, a rectifier circuit coupled to the inductive circuit and configured to generate a DC voltage from an AC voltage generated by the inductive circuit, a clamp circuit configured to limit the DC voltage, a regulator circuit configured to regulate the DC voltage and a control circuit configured to selectively enable and disable the clamp circuit and the regulator circuit.

Abstract: An internal voltage generating circuit includes a first voltage application unit, a second voltage application unit, a first regulator, a second regulator, and a controller. The first and second voltage application units respectively provide a first voltage and a second voltage. The controller generates a bulk voltage, a first control signal, and a second control signal from the first and second voltages. The first regulator is enabled or disabled according to the first control signal and generates and outputs the first internal voltage based on the bulk voltage, the first voltage, and a first reference voltage. The second regulator is enabled or disabled according to the second control signal and generates and outputs the second internal voltage based on the bulk voltage, the second voltage, and a second reference voltage.

Abstract: Provided is a method for removing radionuclides using microalgae and A composition for removing radionuclides. The method includes bring the radionuclides into contact with microalgae, and thus a method for easily removing radionuclides in eco-friendly manner is provided, and also a method for removing radionuclides with high efficiency is provided. A composition for removing radionuclides includes microalgae.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a reference clock signal generator circuit configured to generate a reference clock signal in response to a carrier signal and a clock selection signal generator circuit configured to generate a clock selection signal in response to the carrier signal. The apparatus further includes a multiplexer (MUX) circuit configured to selectively output the reference clock signal and a PLL output clock signal in response to the clock selection signal and a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit configured to receive the selectively output signal between the reference clock signal and the PLL output clock signal at a reference input thereof and to generate the PLL output clock signal therefrom. An ISO 14443 type A smart card may include such apparatus.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing silver (Ag)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires and a method of manufacturing an energy conversion device are provided. In the method of manufacturing Ag-doped ZnO nanowires, the Ag-doped nanowires are grown by a low temperature hydrothermal synthesis method using a Ag-containing aqueous solution.

Abstract: A voltage adjusting circuit is provided includes an inducing circuit configured to induce a voltage from electromagnetic waves, a first rectifying circuit configured to rectify an output voltage of the inducing circuit, a control circuit configured to control an output voltage of the first rectifying circuit in response to the output voltage of the first rectifying circuit, and a second rectifying circuit configured to simultaneously rectify and regulate the output voltage of the inducing circuit in response to the output voltage of the first rectifying circuit.

Abstract: A phase-shift keying (PSK) demodulator and a smart card including the same are disclosed. The PSK demodulator includes a delay circuit and a sampling circuit. The delay circuit generates a plurality of clock signals by delaying the input signal. The sampling circuit samples the input signal in response to the clock signals, and generates output data.

Abstract: A wireless communication device includes an antenna, a transceiver, a filter circuit and an attenuation circuit. The transceiver includes a transmission electrode and a receive electrode, and communicates with an external device through the antenna. The filter circuit is coupled between the transmission electrode and the antenna, and includes a harmonic trap circuit that eliminates a harmonic element of a carrier frequency of an outgoing signal provided from the transceiver through the transmission electrode. The attenuation circuit is coupled between the receive electrode and the antenna, and provides an incoming signal received through the antenna to the receive electrode after reducing a voltage of the incoming signal.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a reference clock signal generator circuit configured to generate a reference clock signal in response to a carrier signal and a clock selection signal generator circuit configured to generate a clock selection signal in response to the carrier signal. The apparatus further includes a multiplexer (MUX) circuit configured to selectively output the reference clock signal and a PLL output clock signal in response to the clock selection signal and a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit configured to receive the selectively output signal between the reference clock signal and the PLL output clock signal at a reference input thereof and to generate the PLL output clock signal therefrom. An ISO 14443 type A smart card may include such apparatus.

Abstract: Provided are a vacuum-sealing-type flexible-film primary battery and a method of manufacturing the same. The primary battery includes a battery assembly comprising a positive electrode plate including a positive electrode collector having a first conductive carbon layer disposed directly on a surface-treated inner surface of a first pouch and a positive electrode layer disposed on the first conductive carbon layer of the positive electrode collector, a negative electrode plate including a negative electrode collector having a second conductive carbon layer disposed directly on a surface-treated inner surface of a second pouch and a negative electrode layer disposed on the second conductive carbon layer of the negative electrode collector, and an adhesion/post-injection polymer electrolyte layer interposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, wherein the battery assembly is completely sealed.

Abstract: A contactless card includes an inductive circuit configured to send and receive signals, a rectifier circuit coupled to the inductive circuit and configured to generate a DC voltage from an AC voltage generated by the inductive circuit, a clamp circuit configured to limit the DC voltage, a regulator circuit configured to regulate the DC voltage and a control circuit configured to selectively enable and disable the clamp circuit and the regulator circuit.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a flexible-film primary battery includes forming a first conductive carbon layer directly on a surface-treated inner surface of a first pouch film to form a positive electrode collector, and forming a positive electrode layer on the first conductive carbon layer to form a positive electrode plate. A second conductive carbon layer is formed directly on a surface-treated inner surface of a second pouch film to form a negative electrode collector, and a negative electrode layer is formed on the second conductive carbon layer to form a negative electrode plate. An adhesion/post-injection polymer electrolyte layer is inserted between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate to manufacture a battery assembly. An electrolyte is injected into the polymer electrolyte layer of the battery assembly. The battery assembly is sealed completely to form a primary battery.