Abstract: A video decoding method is configured to reconstruct a current block that is encoded using an intra prediction. The method includes decoding, from a bitstream, direction information indicating a direction of differential coding applied to a residual block of the current block, generating the residual block from residual signals by reconstructing and using the information on the residual signals from the bitstream and using the direction information, inversely quantizing the modified residual block, generating a prediction block for the current block through intra prediction, and reconstructing the current block by adding the prediction block and the inverse quantized residual block.

Abstract: A video decoding method is configured to reconstruct a current block that is encoded using an intra prediction. The method includes decoding, from a bitstream, direction information indicating a direction of differential coding applied to a residual block of the current block, generating the residual block from residual signals by reconstructing and using the information on the residual signals from the bitstream and using the direction information, inversely quantizing the modified residual block, generating a prediction block for the current block through intra prediction, and reconstructing the current block by adding the prediction block and the inverse quantized residual block.

Abstract: A video decoding method is configured to reconstruct a current block that is encoded using an intra prediction. The method includes decoding, from a bitstream, direction information indicating a direction of differential coding applied to a residual block of the current block, generating the residual block from residual signals by reconstructing and using the information on the residual signals from the bitstream and using the direction information, inversely quantizing the modified residual block, generating a prediction block for the current block through intra prediction, and reconstructing the current block by adding the prediction block and the inverse quantized residual block.

Abstract: A video decoding method is configured to reconstruct a current block that is encoded using an intra prediction. The method includes decoding, from a bitstream, direction information indicating a direction of differential coding applied to a residual block of the current block, generating the residual block from residual signals by reconstructing and using the information on the residual signals from the bitstream and using the direction information, inversely quantizing the modified residual block, generating a prediction block for the current block through intra prediction, and reconstructing the current block by adding the prediction block and the inverse quantized residual block.

Abstract: A steel for a gear includes, based on a total weight of the steel: C: 0.10-0.30 wt %, Si: 0.60-0.80 wt %, Mn: 0.25-0.75 wt %, Cr: 1.80-2.20 wt %, Ni: 0.50-1.50 wt %, Mo: 0.20-0.40 wt %, Nb: 0.025-0.050 wt %, V: 0.030-0.050 wt %, and a balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein contents of Nb and V satisfy the following <Relationship Formula 1>: 0.055<[Nb]+[V]<0.100??<Relationship Formula 1>, wherein [Nb] represents a content of Nb and [V] represents a content of V.

Abstract: A lower cross member for a vehicle is disposed on a floor of a vehicle. The lower cross member includes a core member and a reinforcing layer. The core member is made of a composite material containing 70 wt. % or more of unidirectional carbon fibers, and the reinforcing layer is made of a composite material containing 70 wt. % or more of fiberglass.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gene expression cassette including a synthetic 5? untranslated region (5? UTR), a promoter, and a regulatory gene; a recombinant vector including a replication origin and the gene expression cassette; a recombinant microorganism which has the recombinant vector introduced thereinto and shows alleviated segregational instability and; a method for preparing a recombinant microorganism having alleviated segregational instability by introducing the recombinant vector thereinto; and a method for quantitatively controlling a plasmid copy number in a recombinant microorganism.

Abstract: A positive electrode includes a current collector, a first positive electrode active material layer, and a second positive electrode active material layer. The first positive electrode active material layer is formed on the current collector and the second positive electrode active material layer is formed on the first positive electrode active material layer. The first and second positive electrode active material layers each include lithium iron phosphate, a fluorine-based binder, a rubber-based binder, and a conductive material. The rubber-based binder includes a first hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber and a second hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber A ratio (P2/P1) of the weight P2 of fluorine contained in the second positive electrode active material layer to the weight P1 of fluorine contained in the first positive electrode active material layer is 1 or less.

Abstract: Disclosed are a display device and a method of manufacturing the display device. The display device includes a display panel on which a plurality of sub-pixels and lines connected to the sub-pixels and a driving circuit configured to drive the sub-pixels. The display panel further includes a plurality of protruded bank patterns disposed in the sub-pixels, and a light emitting element disposed in each of the bank patterns. The light emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a light emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a reflector that covers side surfaces of the light emitting layer and at least a portion of side surfaces of the first electrode. The reflector includes a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, and a metal layer disposed between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus for analyzing non-informative firmware and a method using the apparatus. The method includes detecting a target instruction for firmware analysis in a memory map in non-informative firmware, generating an analysis list based on memory map information corresponding to the target instruction, and generating a visualized analysis result corresponding to the firmware by grouping the entries of the analysis list by preset reference bytes.

Abstract: An anode for a secondary battery includes an anode current collector, a first anode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the anode current collector and including a first anode active material that includes a first silicon composite oxide, and a second anode active material layer disposed on the first anode active material layer and including a second anode active material that includes a second silicon composite oxide. Each of the first silicon composite oxide and the second silicon composite oxide includes a metal. A BET specific surface area of each of the first silicon composite oxide and the second silicon composite oxide is in a range from 2.0 m2/g to 6.5 m2/g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a microRNA (miRNA) inhibitor as an active ingredient for the prevention or treatment of a vascular smooth muscle cell proliferative disease; a kit comprising a miRNA-detectable agent for the diagnosis of a vascular smooth muscle cell proliferative disease; a method for providing information for the diagnosis of the diseases; and a therapeutic method. Discovered in the present invention were the miRNA subsets miR-132-3p, miR-370-3p, miR-130b-5p, and miR-410-3p that are involved in proliferative diseases of smooth muscle cells. It was found that these miRNAs significantly increased their expression 5-fold or more in damaged arteries, compared to the control, and in particular, miR-370-3p was highly expressed in coronary tissues of atherosclerosis patients. Thus, the miRNAs can be advantageously used for diagnosing diseases related thereto and further can find applications in treating vascular smooth muscle cell proliferative diseases.

Abstract: A quantization device includes: a trellis-structured vector quantizer which quantizes a first error vector between an N-dimensional (here, “N” is two or more) subvector and a first predictive vector; and an inter-frame predictor which generates a first predictive vector from the quantized N-dimensional subvector, wherein the inter-frame predictor uses a predictive coefficient comprising an N×N matrix and performs an inter-frame prediction using the quantized N-dimensional subvector of a previous stage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of solid cancer comprising an epidithiodioxopiperazine derivative compound based on a parent structure comprising an intramolecular disulfide bridge in an epidithiodioxopiperazine ring or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating colorectal cancer including a material inhibiting the enzyme activity of peroxiredoxin 2 as an active ingredient, and more specifically, to a pharmaceutical composition for treating colorectal cancer, which exhibits the effect of reducing colon polyps via increase of active ?-catenin degradation by inhibiting the activity of peroxiredoxin 2, based on the mechanism that promotes colorectal tumor by the interaction between peroxiredoxin 2 (PrxII) and tankyrase (TNKS) in an APC-mutant cell.

Abstract: A quantization device includes: a trellis-structured vector quantizer which quantizes a first error vector between an N-dimensional (here, “N” is two or more) subvector and a first predictive vector; and an inter-frame predictor which generates a first predictive vector from the quantized N-dimensional subvector, wherein the inter-frame predictor uses a predictive coefficient comprising an N×N matrix and performs an inter-frame prediction using the quantized N-dimensional subvector of a previous stage.

Abstract: A quantization device includes: a trellis-structured vector quantizer which quantizes a first error vector between an N-dimensional (here, “N” is two or more) subvector and a first predictive vector; and an inter-frame predictor which generates a first predictive vector from the quantized N-dimensional subvector, wherein the inter-frame predictor uses a predictive coefficient comprising an N×N matrix and performs an inter-frame prediction using the quantized N-dimensional subvector of a previous stage.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally provide improved methods for processing substrates with improved process stability, increased mean wafers between clean, and/or improved within wafer uniformity. One embodiment provides a method for seasoning one or more chamber components in a process chamber. The method includes placing a dummy substrate in the process chamber, flowing a processing gas mixture to the process chamber to react with the dummy substrate and generate a byproduct on the dummy substrate, and annealing the dummy substrate to sublimate the byproduct while at least one purge conduit of the process chamber is closed.

Abstract: A playout delay adjustment method includes: adjusting a playout delay surplus based on a difference value between a first playout delay obtained in a first scheme and a second playout delay obtained in a second scheme and determining an adaptation type of a current frame according to whether a previous frame is an active frame; and when the determined adaptation type is signal-based adaptation, performing time scale modification (TSM) according to an adaptation scheme determined according to a comparison result between the first playout delay and the second playout delay and a comparison result between a target delay and the first playout delay.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating colorectal cancer including a material inhibiting the enzyme activity of peroxiredoxin 2 as an active ingredient, and more specifically, to a pharmaceutical composition for treating colorectal cancer, which exhibits the effect of reducing colon polyps via increase of active ?-catenin degradation by inhibiting the activity of peroxiredoxin 2, based on the mechanism that promotes colorectal tumor by the interaction between peroxiredoxin 2 (PrxII) and tankyrase (TNKS) in an APC-mutant cell.