Abstract: A high-speed search method in a speech encoder using an order character of LSP (Line Spectrum Pair) parameters in an LSP parameter quantizer using SVQ (Split Vector Quantization) used in a low-speed transmission speech encoder, includes the steps of rearranging a codebook according to an element value of a reference row for determining a range of code vectors to be searched; and determining a search range by using an order character between a given target vector and an arranged code vector to obtain an optimal code vector. The method gives effects of reducing computational complexity required to search the codebook without signal distortion in quantizing the LSP parameters of the speech encoder using SVQ, and reducing computational complexity without loss of tone quality in G.729 fixed codebook search by performing candidate selection and search on the basis of the correlation value size of the pulse position index.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an antibody binding to a sulfonylated isoform of a protein; not to a non-sulfonylated isoform of the protein and other proteins, including: providing a peptide comprised of 6 to 15 amino acids derived from the protein and having a sulfonylated cysteine residue; inducing an antibody to the peptide in an animal; and isolating a population of antibodies reactive to the peptide.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical composition for the prophylaxis and treatment of restenosis, comprising a peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx II) protein as an active ingredient. Optionally, the composition may contain other active ingredients suppressive of restenosis at the carotid artery, the coronary artery, the peripheral artery, and the renal artery. Also, a composition and a method are provided for screening therapeutics for restenosis. This screening composition comprises a peroxiredoxin 2 gene or protein. Together with the method, the composition is useful for searching and developing therapeutics for restenosis.

Abstract: A heater of an inkjet printhead, an inkjet printhead having the heater, and a method of manufacturing the inkjet printhead. The heater is formed of an Ru-M-O alloy in which M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Ta, Pt, Ir, Zr, W, and Hf.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to search a codebook including pulses that model a predetermined component of a speech signal. The method includes the operations of selecting a predetermined number of paths corresponding to a predetermined number of pulse locations that are most consistent with the predetermined component, from among paths corresponding to pulse locations of a predetermined pulse location set allocated to at least one branch that connects one state of a predetermined Trellis structure to another state, performing the path selecting operation on each of states other than the one state, and selecting a path corresponding to pulse locations that are most consistent with the predetermined component, from among paths including the selected paths. Accordingly, a number of calculations required during a codebook search is reduced.

Abstract: A method of depositing a ruthenium(Ru) thin film by using readily available ruthenium precursors such as Ru(CP)2 and Ru(EtCP)2, ammonia gas(NH3) as a reactant gas or a purge gas or both, and a plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition(PEALD) apparatus and the method thereof, according to the present invention, is disclosed. Also a gas mixture of nitrogen gas(N2) and hydrogen(H2) is used as a reactant gas or a purge gas or both in addition to ammonia gas in depositing a ruthenium thin film according to the present invention. A ruthenium(Ru) thin film of high density, very pure, very smooth on the film surface and uniform is deposited even at the temperature of the reaction chamber below 400° C. using ammonia gas and a gas mixture of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas, respectively, as a reactant gas under plasma.

Abstract: The LSF quantizer for a wideband speech coder comprises a subtracter for receiving an input LSF coefficient vector and removing a DC component from it; a memory-based vector quantizer and a memoryless vector quantizer for respectively receiving the DC-component-removed LSF coefficient vector and independently quantizing the same; a switch for receiving quantized vectors respectively quantized by the memory-based vector quantizer and the memoryless vector quantizer, selecting a quantized vector that has less quantized error that is a difference between the received quantized vector and the input LSF coefficent vector from among the received quantized vectors, and outputting the same; and an adder for adding the quantized vector selected by the switch to the DC component of the LSF coefficient vector.

Abstract: A method for forming copper interconnection conductors for interconnecting integrated circuits on a substrate by forming a barrier layer or an adhesion layer or both having excellent adhesion property is disclosed. Ruthenium (Ru) and ruthenium alloys, and rhenium (Re) and rhenium alloys are proposed to use according to the present invention. Other metals proposed to use include nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir) and their alloys, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an antibody binding to a sulfonylated isoform of a protein; not to a non-sulfonylated isoform of the protein and other proteins, including: providing a peptide comprised of 7 to 15 amino acids derived from the protein and having a sulfonylated cysteine residue; inducing an antibody to the peptide; and isolating a population of antibodies reactive to the peptide.

Abstract: A coding apparatus including a base layer, a speech quality enhancement layer, and a multiplexer. The base layer filters an input speech signal using linear prediction coding and generates an excitation signal corresponding to the filtered speech signal through a fixed codebook search and an adaptive codebook search. The speech quality enhancement layer searches a fixed codebook using parameters obtained through the fixed codebook search in the base layer, or searches the fixed codebook using a target signal, which is obtained by removing a contribution of a fixed codebook of the base layer and a signal which is obtained by synthesizing and filtering a previous fixed codebook of the speech quality enhancement layer from a target signal for the fixed codebook search of the base layer. The multiplexer multiplexes signals generated by the base layer and the at least one speech quality enhancement layer.

Abstract: A fast search method for searching for an optimum codeword for nearest neighbor vector quantization. An upper boundary value and a lower boundary value between which an optimum codeword will exist in a codebook are calculated using a distortion of a designated element in an input vector and an experimentally determined threshold. Further, a start point and an end point for codebook search are determined using a binary search method from a codebook rearranged in descending order, and a full search scheme is applied only within a search range calculated by the determined start point and end point, thereby determining an optimum codeword for nearest neighbor vector quantization.

Abstract: A block-constrained Trellis coded quantization (TCQ) method and a method and apparatus for quantizing line spectral frequency (LSF) parameters employing the same in a speech coding system wherein the LSF coefficient quantizing method includes: removing the direct current (DC) component in an input LSF coefficient vector; generating a first prediction error vector by performing inter-frame and intra-frame prediction for the LSF coefficient vector, in which the DC component is removed, quantizing the first prediction error vector by using the BC-TCQ algorithm, and by performing intra-frame and inter-frame prediction compensation, generating a quantized first LSF coefficient vector; generating a second prediction error vector by performing intra-frame prediction for the LSF coefficient vector, in which the DC component is removed, quantizing the second prediction error vector by using the BC-TCQ algorithm, and then, by performing intra-frame prediction compensation, generating a quantized second LSF coefficient

Abstract: A line spectral frequency (LSF) coefficient vector quantizer greatly affects wideband speech coding efficiency and performance. An LSF coefficient quantizer of an existing speech codec can be modified into a new structure in which a non-structural vector quantizer and a lattice quantizer are connected in series. Thus, memory capacity and search time required for the LSF coefficient quantizer can be reduced. In addition, a prediction structure and a non-prediction structure can be connected in parallel to stably perform quantization and reduce a quantization transfer error. As a result, an efficient LSF quantizer capable of reducing allocated bits and improving SD can be provided. Moreover, non-structural vector quantization can be performed prior to pyramid vector quantization to convert an input value into a Laplacian model suitable for a pyramid vector quantizer.

Abstract: A fast search method for searching for an optimum codeword for nearest neighbor vector quantization. An upper boundary value and a lower boundary value between which an optimum codeword will exist in a codebook are calculated using a distortion of a designated element in an input vector and an experimentally determined threshold. Further, a start point and an end point for codebook search are determined using a binary search method from a codebook rearranged in descending order, and a full search scheme is applied only within a search range calculated by the determined start point and end point, thereby determining an optimum codeword for nearest neighbor vector quantization.

Abstract: A fast search method for LSP (Linear Spectrum Pair) quantization is provided. The fast search method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps. A first step is obtaining a target vector and a code vector. The target vector and the code vector are converted for ordering property. A second step is generating a code book having the ordering property for sub-matrices by utilizing the target vector and the code vector. A third step is selecting a particular line for determining a search scope in the code books and sorting the code book in descending order with respect to component values of the particular line. A fourth step is determining the search scope by utilizing the ordering property of the target vector and the sorted code vectors. The fifth step is obtaining an error standard by utilizing the target vector and the code vector, and obtaining an optimal code vector by utilizing the error standard within the determined search scope.

Abstract: The LSF quantizer for a wideband speech coder comprises a subtracter for receiving an input LSF coefficient vector and removing a DC component from it; a memory-based vector quantizer and a memoryless vector quantizer for respectively receiving the DC-component-removed LSF coefficient vector and independently quantizing the same; a switch for receiving quantized vectors respectively quantized by the memory-based vector quantizer and the memoryless vector quantizer, selecting a quantized vector that has less quantized error that is a difference between the received quantized vector and the input LSF coefficent vector from among the received quantized vectors, and outputting the same; and an adder for adding the quantized vector selected by the switch to the DC component of the LSF coefficient vector.

Abstract: A gas feeding system for applications such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is provided. The gas feeding system comprises a plurality of reactant source supply apparatuses that are connected to a reactor to supply different reactant sources therein discontinuously or sequentially. The gas feeding system includes a pass valve that is disposed in a supply tube between inlet and outlet valves of the reservoir for containing the reactant source. With the pass valve, the carrier gas passing therethrough flows into the reactor or the evacuation valve without passing through the reservoir when the inlet valve and outlet valve are closed to prevent the waste of non-use reactant sources. With the present invention gas feeding system, the uniformity and quality of the deposited film can be improved and the waste of reactant source can be reduced.

Abstract: A method for forming a three-component film containing metal, silicon and nitrogen for use in semiconductor devices on a substrate. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of: preparing separate reactive gases each including at least one selected from the group consisting of a gaseous metal compound, a gaseous silicon compound and an ammonia gas under conditions such that the gaseous meta compound and the ammonia gas does not form a mixture; determining a sequential gas supply cycle of the reactive gases so that supplies of the gaseous metal compound, the gaseous silicon compound and the ammonia gas are each included at least once within one gas supply cycle; and applying the reactive gases to the substrate by repeating the gas supply cycle at least once. According to the present invention, a three-component nitride film can be formed with a uniform thickness despite unevenness of a semiconductor substrate surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device has a plurality of memory cells arranged in a matrix array, wherein each memory cell has a transistor and a capacitor and the transistor includes a vertical channel.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for chemically mechanically polishing semiconductor substrates with enhanced durability, reliability and polishing effectiveness. In the method of the present invention, the substrate and the pad respectively orbits to guarantee uniform polishing across the substrate in principle. The apparatus of the present invention employing the above method is mechanically stable to enhance process reliability.