Abstract: Vertical memory devices, and methods of manufacturing the same, include providing a substrate including a cell array region and a peripheral circuit region, forming a mold structure in the cell array region, forming an opening for a common source line passing through the mold structure and extending in a first direction perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate, forming a first contact plug having an inner sidewall delimiting a recessed region in the opening for the common source line, and forming a common source bit line contact electrically connected to the inner sidewall of the first contact plug.

Abstract: An element isolation structure includes a substrate defining a trench including an upper trench and a lower trench in communication with each other, the substrate including an inclined sidewall that forms the upper and lower trench; a first thin film liner on the substrate and conforming to the substrate, the first thin film liner having a substantially uniform thickness trench; a second thin film liner pattern selectively on a lower portion of the first thin film liner within a volume defined by the lower trench, the second thin film liner pattern having a substantially uniform thickness; a lower isolation layer formed on the second thin film liner pattern and substantially filling the volume defined by the lower trench; and an upper isolation layer formed on an upper portion of the first thin film liner and the lower isolation layer and substantially filling a volume defined by the upper trench.

Abstract: In a driving device of an artificial muscle module and a driving method thereof, the driving device includes a fluid tank unit, a fluid providing line, a fluid collecting line, a circulation pump unit, a temp control unit and a fluid distributing unit. The fluid providing line includes high temp and low temp water tanks. The fluid providing line connects a first side of the artificial muscle module to the fluid tank unit. The fluid collecting line connects a second side of the artificial muscle module to the fluid tank unit. The circulation pump unit is positioned at least one of the fluid providing line and the fluid collecting line. The temp control unit controls temperature of the fluid. The fluid distributing unit is positioned at the fluid collecting line, and distributes the fluid in the fluid collecting line.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a first stack structure; a second stack structure adjacent to the first stack structure in a first direction; a first insulating layer including protrusion parts protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction and including a concave part defined between the protrusion parts; and a second insulating layer located between the first stack structure and the second stack structure, the second insulating layer inserted into the concave part and the second insulating layer in contact with at least one protrusion part among the protrusion parts.

Abstract: The present invention provides the compound represented by Formula 1 or Formula A, an organic electric element comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic material layer formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and electronic device thereof, and by comprising the compound represented by Formula 1 or Formula A in the organic material layer, the driving voltage of the organic electronic device can be lowered, and the luminous efficiency and life time of the organic electronic device can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to video encoding/decoding methods and device, wherein the video encoding method according to the invention comprises the following steps: acquiring information of peripheral blocks; setting the information about a current block based on the information of the peripheral blocks; and encoding the current block based on the set information, wherein the current block and the peripheral blocks may be a CU (coding unit).

Abstract: A cavity filter for low PIMD using hybrid cap bolts includes: a housing having therein a plurality of cavities partitioned by separation walls and an open upper portion; an upper plate coupled onto the upper portion of the housing and provided therein with a plurality of tuning bolts; a plurality of air blowing work holes formed respectively on the upper plate and outer sidewalls of the housing and corresponding to the plurality of cavities; and a plurality of hybrid cap bolts formed of different kinds of materials of metal and non-metal so as to have repulsive forces against and to be coupled to respective plurality of air blowing work holes. Thus, metal debris present inside a cavity housing are removed through an air blowing method by using an air blowing work hole formed in a cavity housing and a hybrid cap bolt for reducing PIMD.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for inducing a prediction motion vector and an apparatus using the same. An image decoding method can include: a step of determining the information related to a plurality of spatial candidate prediction motion vectors from peripheral predicted blocks of a predicted target block; and a step of determining the information related to temporal candidate prediction motion vectors on the basis of the information related to the plurality of spatial candidate prediction motion vectors. Accordingly, the present invention can reduce complexity and can enhance coding efficiency when inducing the optimum prediction motion vector.

Abstract: A vehicular audio video navigation telematics (AVNT) system includes: an input device configured to receive user input for executing a plurality of AVNT function menus; a storage device configured to index and store the AVNT function menus, a display configured to display a home screen menu including the AVNT function menus; and a controller configured to control the storage device and the display. The controller collects an execution count of each of the AVNT function menus based on the user input, indexes and stores the AVNT function menus in the storage device based on the collected execution count of each of the AVNT function menus, resets the home screen menu based on high-order menus of stored indices, and controls the display to display the reset home screen menu.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for inducing a prediction motion vector and an apparatus using the same. An image decoding method can include: a step of determining the information related to a plurality of spatial candidate prediction motion vectors from peripheral predicted blocks of a predicted target block; and a step of determining the information related to temporal candidate prediction motion vectors on the basis of the information related to the plurality of spatial candidate prediction motion vectors. Accordingly, the present invention can reduce complexity and can enhance coding efficiency when inducing the optimum prediction motion vector.

Abstract: An intra prediction mode encoding and decoding method, an image decoding device, and an image encoding device operate by deriving most probable modes (MPMs) from surrounding prediction units adjacent to a current prediction unit and deriving an intra prediction mode of the current prediction unit on the basis of an MPM flag indicating whether an MPM having the same prediction mode as the intra prediction mode of the current prediction unit exists among the derived MPMs.

Abstract: A cleaning device including a covering hood having a lower surface facing a surface to be cleaned and an inlet on an upper surface thereof, through which contaminants are sucked; an air knife provided on a circumference of the covering hood and having an outlet for spraying high pressure air to the surface to be cleaned; a sweeper installed inside the covering hood and rotated by a driving motor to guide foreign objects swept away from the surface to be cleaned and contaminants floated by the high pressure air injection of the air knife to the inlet; a rotary member including a shaft passing through a circumferential surface of the covering hood and the air knife, and a rotary knob coupled to one end of the shaft to rotate the air knife to adjust an air spray angle.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes first and second voltage divider reference lines, first and second pixel electrodes, and first and second switching circuits. The first and second voltage divider reference lines are on different layers and extend in different directions. The first pixel electrode includes a first sub-pixel electrode and a second sub-pixel electrode, that receives a voltage lower than a voltage to be applied to the first sub-pixel electrode. The second pixel electrode includes a third sub-pixel electrode and a fourth sub-pixel electrode, that receives a voltage lower than a voltage to be applied to the third sub-pixel electrode. The first switching circuit is connected to the first voltage divider reference line, and the second switching circuit is connected to the second voltage divider reference line.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a first stack structure; a second stack structure adjacent to the first stack structure in a first direction; a first insulating layer including protrusion parts protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction and including a concave part defined between the protrusion parts; and a second insulating layer located between the first stack structure and the second stack structure, the second insulating layer inserted into the concave part and the second insulating layer in contact with at least one protrusion part among the protrusion parts.

Abstract: A three-dimensional semiconductor device includes a stacked structure including a plurality of conductive layers stacked on a substrate, a distance along a first direction between sidewalls of an upper conductive layer and a lower conductive layer being smaller than a distance along a second direction between sidewalls of the upper conductive layer and the lower conductive layer, the first and second directions crossing each other and defining a plane parallel to a surface supporting the substrate, and vertical channel structures penetrating the stacked structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides hydrophilic bilirubin derivative particles containing a metal, a use thereof, and a preparation method therefor. The bilirubin derivative particles of the present invention form coordinate bonds with various metals, and thus can be used in MR diagnosis, CT diagnosis, photo-acoustic diagnosis, PET diagnosis, or optical diagnosis. The bilirubin derivative particles of the present invention can release an anticancer drug encapsulated therein to the outside by the combination with a platinum-based anticancer drug and the degradation by a stimulation of light/reactive oxygen species, and exhibit anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, and thus the bilirubin derivative particles of the present invention have a concept of theranostics in which the bilirubin derivative particles can be for therapeutic uses as well as diagnostic uses.

Abstract: A method is provided for operating a memory device. The method includes counting, from among memory cells, a number of first off-cells with respect to a first reading voltage and a number of second off-cells with respect to a second reading voltage, comparing the number of first off-cells and the number of second off-cells, and determining, based on a result of the comparing, whether a programming error exists in a storage region in which the memory cells are included.

Abstract: The optical lens assembly may include a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractive power, a third lens having a negative refractive power, a fourth lens having a refractive power, a fifth lens having a refractive power, a sixth lens having a negative refractive power, and a stop disposed at an object side of the first lens.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for inducing a prediction motion vector and an apparatus using the same. An image decoding method can include: a step of determining the information related to a plurality of spatial candidate prediction motion vectors from peripheral predicted blocks of a predicted target block; and a step of determining the information related to temporal candidate prediction motion vectors on the basis of the information related to the plurality of spatial candidate prediction motion vectors. Accordingly, the present invention can reduce complexity and can enhance coding efficiency when inducing the optimum prediction motion vector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alkoxysilylated epoxy compound, a composite exhibiting good heat resistance properties, low CTE and high glass transition temperature and not requiring a coupling agent, a composition including the same, a cured product formed of the composition, a use of the cured product, and a method of preparing the epoxy compound having alkoxysilyl group. An epoxy compound having an epoxy group and an alkoxysilyl group, a composition including the epoxy compound, a curing agent, a filler and/or a reaction catalyst, a cured product of the composition, and a use of the composition including an electronic part are provided. In a composite and/or cured product, the epoxy composition exhibits improved heat resistance properties, decreased CTE, and increased glass transition temperature or Tg-less. The cured product exhibits good flame retardant properties by the introduction of the alkoxysilyl group.