Abstract: Provided are an electronic apparatus for determining validity of touch key input and a method and apparatus for determining validity of touch key input for the electronic apparatus. The method includes determining whether a touch key is input to perform a preset function, determining whether a dummy key used to determine validity of input of the touch key is input, if determining that the touch key is input, and determining validity of input of the touch key based on whether the dummy key is input. According to the present invention, by determining whether touch key input is intended by a user, it is possible to prevent a function undesired by the user from being performed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cells or plants that can produce polylactate or its copolymers and to a method for preparing polylactate or its copolymers using the same. More specifically, cells or plants with the ability to produce polylactate or hydroxyalkanoate-lactate copolymers comprise both a gene encoding an enzyme that converts lactate into lactyl-CoA and a gene encoding polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase which uses lactyl-CoA as a substrate. Also described is a method for preparing polylactate or hydroxyalkanoate-lactate copolymers which comprises culturing the cells in a medium containing lactate or lactate and various hydroxyalkanoates or culturing the plants. Effective preparation of hydroxyalkanoate-lactate copolymer which comprises various hydroxyalkanoates as well as polylactate, using the cells or the plants, is disclosed.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a display and a processor configured to control to display of the display one or more first objects related to a selected item if the item is selected by a first gesture from among one or more items displayed on the display, and control to display on the display one or more second objects for performing a function of a selected first object if the first object is selected by a second gesture continuing from the first gesture from among the one or more first objects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel customized sRNA that reduces gene expression in prokaryotic cells, a preparation method thereof, and the use thereof, and more particularly to a synthetic sRNA comprising an Hfq binding site, derived from the sRNA of any one of MicC, SgrS and MicF, and a region that base-pairs with the target gene mRNA, and to a preparation method thereof and the use thereof. The synthetic sRNA according to the invention has an advantage in that the degree of inhibition of the target gene can be controlled by regulating the ability of the synthetic sRNA to bind to the mRNA of the target gene. The use of the synthetic sRNA that regulates the expression of the target gene makes it possible to effectively construct a recombinant microorganism without using a conventional gene deletion method and to reduce the expression of the target gene, and thus the synthetic sRNA is useful for the production of recombinant microorganisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogel bead for detecting hydrofluoric acid and a kit comprising the same, and more particularly, to a hydrogel bead capable of detecting hydrofluoric acid using an organometallic ligand compound that reversibly changes color depending on the concentration of hydrofluoric acid when coming into contact with hydrofluoric acid, and to a kit for detecting hydrofluoric acid comprising the same. In an embodiment, a method for preparing a hydrogel bead for detecting hydrofluoric acid comprises the steps of: mixing an organic compound, which contains an aromatic functional group having at least one hydroxyl group bonded thereto, with a solution of a metal-ligand compound that bonds with the organic compound, thereby preparing a mixed solution; dropping the mixed solution onto a gelling agent; and adding coagulating agent to the mixture resulting from the dropping step to form a porous bead.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a fatty acid alkyl ester using microorganisms having the ability to produce oil, and more particularly to a method of producing a fatty acid alkyl ester, the method comprising culturing microorganisms having the ability to produce oil, thus accumulating a large amount of oil in the microorganisms, inducing the autolysis of the produced oil in the microorganisms to produce a free fatty acid, and converting the free fatty acid into an alkyl ester. According to the method of the present invention, oil accumulated in microorganisms, such as triacylglycerol that is typical oil produced by microorganisms, can be converted into a fatty acid alkyl ester with high efficiency using a metabolic engineering approach. Thus, the method of the present invention is useful for the industrial production of a fatty acid alkyl ester which has been recently found to be effective as biodiesel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for enrichment of NF3 gas, comprising: (a) feeding a gas mixture containing a low concentration of NF3 gas and impurities; and (b) passing the feed gas mixture through a non-porous membrane module, wherein an enriched NF3 gas mixture passing through the non-porous membrane module and an unenriched NF3 gas mixture failing to pass through the non-porous membrane module are separated depending on the differences in the kinetic diameters of the individual gases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mutant microorganism, which is selected from the group consisting of genus Mannheimia, genus Actinobacillus and genus Anaerobiospirillum, producing homo-succinic acid and a method for producing homo-succinic acid using the same, and more particularly to a mutant microorganism producing succinic acid at a high concentration while producing little or no other organic acids in anaerobic conditions, which is obtained by disrupting a gene encoding lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA), a gene encoding phosphotransacetylase (pta), and a gene encoding acetate kinase (ackA), without disrupting a gene encoding pyruvate formate lyase (pfl), as well as a method for producing succinic acid using the same. The inventive mutant microorganism has the property of having a high growth rate and succinic acid productivity while producing little or no organic acids, as compared to the prior strains producing succinic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mutant microorganism, which is selected from the group consisting of genus Mannheimia, genus Actinobacillus and genus Anaerobiospirillum, producing homo-succinic acid and a method for producing homo-succinic acid using the same, and more particularly to a mutant microorganism producing succinic acid at a high concentration while producing little or no other organic acids in anaerobic conditions, which is obtained by disrupting a gene encoding lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA), a gene encoding phosphotransacetylase (pta), and a gene encoding acetate kinase (ackA), without disrupting a gene encoding pyruvate formate lyase (pfl), as well as a method for producing succinic acid using the same. The inventive mutant microorganism has the property of having a high growth rate and succinic acid productivity while producing little or no organic acids, as compared to the prior strains producing succinic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogel, a preparation method thereof, and a pH sensor comprising the same, and more particularly, to a hydrogel, which can substitute for conventional pH paper, is continuously usable, can be used in various applications, and reversibly changes color depending on the pH of a sample, and to a pH sensor comprising the same. The hydrogel comprises: a polymer complex wherein a first organic compound containing an aromatic functional group having at least one hydroxyl group bonded thereto is joined to a carboxyl group-containing polysaccharide by a peptide bond; and an organic dye comprising a second organic compound containing an aromatic functional group having at least one hydroxyl group bonded thereto.

Abstract: A mutant capable of producing 1,4-butanediol and a method of preparing 1,4-butanediol using the same are provided. The mutant microorganism is prepared by introducing and amplifying genes encoding enzymes converting succinate into 4-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate into 1,4-butanediol in a microorganism capable of producing succinate. The method includes culturing the mutant in a medium containing carbohydrate and obtaining 1,4-butanediol from the culture. Thus, 1,4-butanediol, which is essential in chemical industry, can be prepared in a biological process.

Abstract: A multi-spot metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip for diagnosing corneal dystrophy, and more particularly to a multi-spot metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip capable of employing LSPR (localized surface plasmon resonance) optical properties, a preparation method thereof, and a multi-spot metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip for diagnosing BIGH3 gene mutations, which can diagnose various corneal dystrophies. The metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip can be combined with analysis devices, including a light source, a detector, a spectrophotometer and a computer, to provide an LSPR optical property-based optical biosensor, and the use of the multi-spot metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip for diagnosing BIGH3 gene mutations allows the simultaneous diagnosis of various corneal dystrophies that are genetic ocular diseases.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing polylactate (PLA) or a copolymer thereof using a mutant microorganism in which a gene participating in a coenzyme A (CoA) donor- and lactate-producing pathway is genetically manipulated to increase the productivity of a CoA donor and lactate. Amounts of the CoA donor and the lactate are simultaneously increased in a microbial metabolic pathway to enable effective biosynthesis of PLA and a hydroxyalkanoate-lactate copolymer having a high content of lactate, which is industrially useful.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mutant microorganism having a high ability to produce cadaverine, and a method for producing cadaverine using the same. More specifically, the invention relates to a mutant microorganism having a high ability to produce cadaverine wherein a gene involved in the cadaverine degradation or utilization pathway is inactivated or deleted, and to a method for producing cadaverine in high yield by culturing the mutant microorganism under aerobic conditions. The mutant microorganism according to the present invention is useful for producing a high yield of cadaverine which can be widely used in various industrial applications.

Abstract: A mutant capable of producing 1,4-butanediol and a method of preparing 1,4-butanediol using the same are provided. The mutant microorganism is prepared by introducing and amplifying genes encoding enzymes converting succinate into 4-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate into 1,4-butanediol in a microorganism capable of producing succinate. The method includes culturing the mutant in a medium containing carbohydrate and obtaining 1,4-butanediol from the culture. Thus, 1,4-butanediol, which is essential in chemical industry, can be prepared in a biological process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to recombinant microorganisms having an increased ability to produce butanol, and a method of producing butanol using the same. More specifically, the invention relates to recombinant microorganisms whose ability to produce butanol was increased by manipulation of their metabolic networks, and a method of producing butanol using the same. The recombinant microorganisms having an increased ability to produce butanol comprise a deletion of a gene, which encodes an enzyme that converts acetyl CoA to acetate, in host microorganisms having genes that encode enzymes involved in acetyl CoA and butyryl CoA biosynthetic pathway. The recombinant microorganisms obtained by manipulating the metabolic flux of microorganisms are able to selectively produce butanol with high efficiency, and thus are useful as microorganisms for producing industrial solvents and transportation fuels.

Abstract: A method of changing a dynamic screen layout and an electronic device are provided. The method includes selecting at least two content items at least partially based on setting information associated with the content and characteristics of an application displaying the content, and providing the selected at least two content items. Furthermore, other embodiments can be made.

Abstract: Method for preparing zinc-histidine self-assembly biomimetic complex activating reaction to convert carbon dioxide into bicarbonate ion, zinc-histidine self-assembly biomimetic complex by preparation method, and method for reducing carbon dioxide using zinc-histidine self-assembly biomimetic complex.

Abstract: Provided is a method for improving useful substance-producing organisms using metabolic flux analysis, and more particularly a method for improving a host organism producing a useful substance, the method including: calculating a maximum flux value corresponding to the theoretical maximum yield of the useful substance in the metabolic network model of the host organism for producing useful substance, and calculating the optimum value of metabolic flux associated with useful substance production in the metabolic network when the value of cell growth-associated metabolic flux is the maximum under the condition where fermentation data are applied or not applied; selecting metabolic fluxes whose absolute values increase from the range between the maximum value and the optimum value; screening genes associated with the selected metabolic fluxes; and introducing and/or amplifying the selected genes in the host organism. Production of the useful substance can be effectively improved by using the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel customized sRNA that reduces gene expression in prokaryotic cells, a preparation method thereof, and the use thereof, and more particularly to a synthetic sRNA comprising an Hfq binding site, derived from the sRNA of any one of MicC, SgrS and MicF, and a region that base-pairs with the target gene mRNA, and to a preparation method thereof and the use thereof. The synthetic sRNA according to the invention has an advantage in that the degree of inhibition of the target gene can be controlled by regulating the ability of the synthetic sRNA to bind to the mRNA of the target gene. The use of the synthetic sRNA that regulates the expression of the target gene makes it possible to effectively construct a recombinant microorganism without using a conventional gene deletion method and to reduce the expression of the target gene, and thus the synthetic sRNA is useful for the production of recombinant microorganisms.