Abstract: Techniques described herein can apply AC signals with different phases to different groups of nanopore cells in a nanopore sensor chip. When a first group of nanopore cells is in a dark period and is not sampled or minimally sampled by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to capture useful data, a second group of nanopore cells is in a bright period during which output signals from the second group of nanopore cells are sampled by the analog-to-digital converter. The reference level setting of the ADC is dynamically changed based on the applied AC signals to fully utilize the dynamic range of the ADC.

Abstract: Techniques described herein can apply AC signals with different phases to different groups of nanopore cells in a nanopore sensor chip. When a first group of nanopore cells is in a dark period and is not sampled or minimally sampled by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to capture useful data, a second group of nanopore cells is in a bright period during which output signals from the second group of nanopore cells are sampled by the analog-to-digital converter. The reference level setting of the ADC is dynamically changed based on the applied AC signals to fully utilize the dynamic range of the ADC.

Abstract: A method of exporting measurements of a nanopore sensor on a nanopore based sequencing chip is disclosed. An electrical characteristic associated with the nanopore sensor is measured. The electrical characteristic associated with the nanopore sensor is processed. A summary for the electrical characteristic and one or more previous electrical characteristics is determined. The summary for the electrical characteristic and the one or more previous electrical characteristics are exported. Determining the summary includes determining that the electrical characteristic and at least a portion of the one or more previous electrical characteristics correspond to a base call event at the nanopore sensor. The summary represents the electrical characteristic and the at least a portion of the one or more previous electrical characteristics.

Abstract: A system includes a plurality of nanopore cells. Data corresponding to nanopore states of the plurality of nanopore cells is received. The data is analyzed to determine a compressed output size of the data given at least one compression technique. It is determined whether the compressed output size exceeds a data budget. In the event it is determined that the compressed output size exceeds the data budget, the data is modified. The modified data is outputted.

Abstract: A nanopore measurement circuit includes a first analog memory configured to store a first electrical value corresponding to a first measurement sample of a nanopore and a second analog memory configured to store a second electrical value corresponding to a second measurement sample of the nanopore. The nanopore measurement circuit also includes a measurement circuitry configured to provide an output indicating a difference between the first electrical value of the first analog memory and the second electrical value of the second analog memory.

Abstract: A system includes a plurality of nanopore cells. Data corresponding to nanopore states of the plurality of nanopore cells is received. The data is analyzed to determine a compressed output size of the data given at least one compression technique. It is determined whether the compressed output size exceeds a data budget. In the event it is determined that the compressed output size exceeds the data budget, the data is modified. The modified data is outputted.

Abstract: A nanopore measurement circuit includes a first analog memory configured to store a first electrical value corresponding to a first measurement sample of a nanopore and a second analog memory configured to store a second electrical value corresponding to a second measurement sample of the nanopore. The nanopore measurement circuit also includes a measurement circuitry configured to provide an output indicating a difference between the first electrical value of the first analog memory and the second electrical value of the second analog memory.

Abstract: Techniques described herein relate to systems and methods for parallel DNA molecules sequencing. A preprocessor can receive raw data frames from a sensor chip including 100,000 or more cells, where each raw data frame can include detection signals from the 100,000 or more cells at a given time during the formation of the 100,000 or more cells or during the DNA molecules sequencing using the 100,000 or more cells. The preprocessor can then extract relevant information for determining states of the cells from the raw data frames, generate one or more digested frames that includes the extracted information, and send the digested frames to a processor for processing, such as base determination. Because the number of digested frames sent to the processor is less than a number of the raw data frames and the digested frames include preprocessed data, the amount of data being transferred to the processor and the amount of data processing by the processor can be reduced.

Abstract: Techniques described herein relate to systems and methods for parallel DNA molecules sequencing. A preprocessor can receive raw data frames from a sensor chip including 100,000 or more cells, where each raw data frame can include detection signals from the 100,000 or more cells at a given time during the formation of the 100,000 or more cells or during the DNA molecules sequencing using the 100,000 or more cells. The preprocessor can then extract relevant information for determining states of the cells from the raw data frames, generate one or more digested frames that includes the extracted information, and send the digested frames to a processor for processing, such as base determination. Because the number of digested frames sent to the processor is less than a number of the raw data frames and the digested frames include preprocessed data, the amount of data being transferred to the processor and the amount of data processing by the processor can be reduced.

Abstract: Techniques described herein can apply AC signals with different phases to different groups of nanopore cells in a nanopore sensor chip. When a first group of nanopore cells is in a dark period and is not sampled or minimally sampled by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to capture useful data, a second group of nanopore cells is in a bright period during which output signals from the second group of nanopore cells are sampled by the analog-to-digital converter. The reference level setting of the ADC is dynamically changed based on the applied AC signals to fully utilize the dynamic range of the ADC.

Abstract: A system includes a circuit configured to detect a voltage corresponding to an electrical measurement of a nanopore. The system also includes a component configured to compare the voltage to another voltage. Based at least in part on the comparison, a one bit indicator is determined. The one bit indicator indicates whether the voltage indicates a change in a state of the nanopore. In the event it is determined that the voltage indicates the change in the state of the nanopore, a multiple bit signal is provided for output.

Abstract: A system includes a circuit configured to detect a voltage corresponding to an electrical measurement of a nanopore. The system also includes a component configured to compare the voltage to another voltage. Based at least in part on the comparison, a one bit indicator is determined. The one bit indicator indicates whether the voltage indicates a change in a state of the nanopore. In the event it is determined that the voltage indicates the change in the state of the nanopore, a multiple bit signal is provided for output.

Abstract: Techniques described herein can apply AC signals with different phases to different groups of nanopore cells in a nanopore sensor chip. When a first group of nanopore cells is in a dark period and is not sampled or minimally sampled by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to capture useful data, a second group of nanopore cells is in a bright period during which output signals from the second group of nanopore cells are sampled by the analog-to-digital converter. The reference level setting of the ADC is dynamically changed based on the applied AC signals to fully utilize the dynamic range of the ADC.

Abstract: A method of exporting measurements of a nanopore sensor on a nanopore based sequencing chip is disclosed. An electrical characteristic associated with the nanopore sensor is measured. The electrical characteristic associated with the nanopore sensor is processed. A summary for the electrical characteristic and one or more previous electrical characteristics is determined. The summary for the electrical characteristic and the one or more previous electrical characteristics are exported. Determining the summary includes determining that the electrical characteristic and at least a portion of the one or more previous electrical characteristics correspond to a base call event at the nanopore sensor. The summary represents the electrical characteristic and the at least a portion of the one or more previous electrical characteristics.

Abstract: A nanopore measurement circuit includes a first analog memory configured to store a first electrical value corresponding to a first measurement sample of a nanopore and a second analog memory configured to store a second electrical value corresponding to a second measurement sample of the nanopore. The nanopore measurement circuit also includes a measurement circuitry configured to provide an output indicating a difference between the first electrical value of the first analog memory and the second electrical value of the second analog memory.

Abstract: A method of exporting measurements of a nanopore sensor on a nanopore based sequencing chip is disclosed. An electrical characteristic associated with the nanopore sensor is measured. The electrical characteristic associated with the nanopore sensor is processed. A summary for the electrical characteristic and one or more previous electrical characteristics is determined. The summary for the electrical characteristic and the one or more previous electrical characteristics are exported. Determining the summary includes determining that the electrical characteristic and at least a portion of the one or more previous electrical characteristics correspond to a base call event at the nanopore sensor. The summary represents the electrical characteristic and the at least a portion of the one or more previous electrical characteristics.

Abstract: A nanopore measurement circuit includes a first analog memory configured to store a first electrical value corresponding to a first measurement sample of a nanopore and a second analog memory configured to store a second electrical value corresponding to a second measurement sample of the nanopore. The nanopore measurement circuit also includes a measurement circuitry configured to provide an output indicating a difference between the first electrical value of the first analog memory and the second electrical value of the second analog memory.

Abstract: A method of exporting measurements of a nanopore sensor on a nanopore based sequencing chip is disclosed. An electrical characteristic associated with the nanopore sensor is measured. The electrical characteristic associated with the nanopore sensor is processed. A summary for the electrical characteristic and one or more previous electrical characteristics is determined. The summary for the electrical characteristic and the one or more previous electrical characteristics are exported. Determining the summary includes determining that the electrical characteristic and at least a portion of the one or more previous electrical characteristics correspond to a base call event at the nanopore sensor. The summary represents the electrical characteristic and the at least a portion of the one or more previous electrical characteristics.

Abstract: A method of exporting measurements of a nanopore sensor on a nanopore based sequencing chip is disclosed. An electrical characteristic associated with the nanopore sensor is measured. The electrical characteristic associated with the nanopore sensor is processed. A summary for the electrical characteristic and one or more previous electrical characteristics is determined. The summary for the electrical characteristic and the one or more previous electrical characteristics are exported. Determining the summary includes determining that the electrical characteristic and at least a portion of the one or more previous electrical characteristics correspond to a base call event at the nanopore sensor. The summary represents the electrical characteristic and the at least a portion of the one or more previous electrical characteristics.

Abstract: A nanopore measurement circuit includes a first analog memory configured to store a first electrical value corresponding to a first measurement sample of a nanopore and a second analog memory configured to store a second electrical value corresponding to a second measurement sample of the nanopore. The nanopore measurement circuit also includes a measurement circuitry configured to provide an output indicating a difference between the first electrical value of the first analog memory and the second electrical value of the second analog memory.