Abstract: An optical pickup and an optical disk unit based on the optical pickup, which are capable of reducing their sizes, and of providing a low-cost construction, and further, of allowing accurate servo. The optical pickup comprises an optical separating section which is, in its optical source side surface, equipped with a first diffraction grating and an optical path branching section composed of a plurality of surfaces having normal vectors different from each other, and which is, in its optical disk side surface, equipped with a second diffraction grating composed of a continuous area. The first diffraction grating divides light from a light source into main and side beams, while the second diffraction grating allows the light from the light source to pass and diffracts the returning light from an optical disk toward the optical path branching section. The optical path branching section divides the returning light from the optical disk to lead the divisions to light-receiving sections of an optical detector.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image display apparatus having right and left display elements for displaying inputted stereoscopic image signals, right and left displaying optical systems for leading images displayed on the right and left image elements, a setting information element for outputting setting information signals on stereoscopic image display, based on the stereoscopic vision information signals about the inputted imaging distance in synchronization with the stereoscopic image signals, and a control element for controlling image position displayed on the right and left image display elements to at least optical axes of the right and left display optical systems, based on the setting information signals.

Abstract: A facsimile avoids waste of record sheets due to recording of image data only at the top of a record sheet with the bottom of the sheet being left blank. This is achieved by summing the number of lines on a plurality of document sheets, with the sum being compared with the sub-scan length of the record sheet, and if the sum can be accommodated by the record sheet, the image data of the plurality of document sheets are combined as one page of image data for transmission.

Abstract: A facsimile apparatus using a selective polling signal includes a holding unit for holding a polling image, a receiving unit for receiving the selective polling signal, an extraction unit for extracting a process command for the image held in the holding unit from the selective polling signal received by the receiving unit, and an execution unit for executing the process command extracted by the extraction unit.

Abstract: A communication apparatus can transmit image data stored in a memory in a manner capable of reducing the running cost. The number of input lines for each page is recognized for image data of a plurality of pages input and stored in the memory. When transmitting the stored image data of the plurality of pages, the number of recordable lines per page of a recording sheet used in a communication partner's terminal is recognized, and image data for one page obtained by combining image data of a plurality of consecutive pages is transmitted. The reception side combines a maximum number of image data for a plurality of pages recordable on a single recording sheet, and transmits the obtained image data as image data for one page. Image data of different files for the same communication partner are also combined in the above-described manner.

Abstract: A belt drive device is constructed by looping a timing belt 14 about a driving sprocket 9, a cam sprocket 11, and a driven sprocket 12 for transmitting a driving force from the driving sprocket 9 to the sprockets 11, 12. A dynamic damper 15, comprising a ring mass 153 and an elastic ring 152 for holding the ring mass 153, is mounted on the driven sprocket 12 that has the largest amplitde of torque fluctuation among the sprockets 11, 12. The dynamic damper 15 absorbs revolution fluctuations of the driven sprocket 12 that has the largest amplitude of torque fluctuation. Thus, at the time of resonance during which the belt load on the timing belt 15 sharply increases, the sharp increase in the timing belt load can be minimized, and maximum load on the timing belt 15 can be decreased, whereby the durability of the timing belt 15 can be secured.

Abstract: A head-mounted image display apparatus having an exit pupil that is enlarged without causing an increase in the size of a relay optical system or a reduction in the size of a projected image. The head-mounted image display apparatus has an image display device (1) having a display surface for displaying an image, a relay optical system (2) for transmitting the image displayed on the display surface of the image display device (1) to form an image of the display surface, and an ocular optical system (4) for projecting the image transmitted by the relay optical system inside an observer's eyeball as an enlarged image. A numerical aperture (NA) enlarging element is disposed at a position conjugated with the display surface with respect to the relay optical system (2). Thus, pupil alignment is facilitated without causing an increase in the size of the relay optical system (2) or a reduction in the size of the projected image.

Abstract: A display apparatus, which can be mounted on the head portion of a man, includes a two-dimensional display unit for displaying an image. A projection optical system projects the image displayed on the two-dimensional display unit onto the retina of the eyeball of a user. A shutter is arranged in front of the eyeball of the user. A detector detects at least a forward inclination of motions of the head portion of the user. A control unit controls the shutter in accordance with the output from the detector to switch the shutter between a light transmission state and a light shielding state. A housing incorporates and holds the two-dimensional display unit, the projection optical system, the shutter, and the detector to be mountable on the head portion of the user.

Abstract: A head-mounted display apparatus designed so that the utilization efficiency of display light from an image display device is increased and it is possible to control the brightness of an outside, real world image and also possible to shut off light from the outside. A liquid crystal display device (2) is disposed so that the direction of polarization of light emerging from the liquid crystal display device (2) is parallel to the plane of incidence on a polarization beam splitter (5) disposed in front of an observer's eye. The light emerging from the liquid crystal display device (2) is transmitted by the PBS (5) and reflected by a concave mirror (3) through a quarter-wave plate (6) disposed on the exit side of the PBS (5). The reflected light passes through the quarter-wave plate (6) and enters the PBS (5) again. Since the display light passes through the quarter-wave plate (6) twice during the round-trip travel, almost all the display light is reflected by the PBS (5) to enter the observer's eye.

Abstract: In a transmission-type liquid crystal display unit having an edge-type backlight in which light from a fluorescent lamp is conducted through a light-conducting plate to the rear surface of the display unit, the light-conducting plate has a light-receiving end face which is curved along the cylindrical wall of the fluorescent lamp and maintained in contact with the latter, so that the light from the fluorescent lamp is conducted to the display surface with high efficiency.

Abstract: A process for tempering edible plastic fat products such as margarine and shortenings which comprises crystallizing with cooling a starting material of fats and oils with or without other ingredients and subjecting the resulting product to pressuring treatment.

Abstract: A welder head comprises a pair of welding electrodes arranged opposite to each other through workpiece to be welded, an electrode holder including a sliding member for holding one of welding electrodes and a support member for supporting the sliding member slidably in an opposing direction of welding electrodes, a pressure mechanism for pressing the one of the welding electrodes toward the other of the welding electrodes through the electrode holder, an elastic member for urging the sliding member toward the opposing direction of the welding electrodes, and a U-shaped electricity feeder provided between the one of the welding electrodes and the support member of the electrode holder and for supplying a welding current to the one of the welding electrodes.

Abstract: A nutrient solution of a microorganism to be supplied to a fermentor or a culture broth in the fermentor is aseptically filtered by a porous filter medium made of polytetrafluoroethylene polymer and having properties impervious to microorganism, resistant to heat and chemicals, and hydrophilic, wherein said hydrophilic property was given to the surface of said filter medium with a treatment for hydrophilicity. This treatment comprises treating polytetrafluoroethylene porous polymer as a raw material for the filter medium with surface treating agent comprising an alkali metal naphthalene and diamine and immersing the treated polymer into concentrated sulfuric acid containing an aliphatic or aromatic aldehyde dissolved therein in a concentration exceeding half saturation.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 1 or 2; R.sup.1 is an amino group when n is 2, or an amino group or a hydroxyl group when n is 1; and R.sup.2 is a hydroxyl group when n is 1, or a hydroxyl group or a group of the formula ##STR2## when n is 2; and microbiological process for producing the same. The compounds are useful as precursors for raising the production rate of SF-1293 substance. Some of the compounds are also useful as intermediates for synthesis of 2-amino-4-(hydroxy)(methyl)phosphinoylbutyric acid and the SF-1293 substance.

Abstract: 2-Amino-4-(hydroxy)phosphinoylbutyryl-L-alanyl-L-alanine.

Abstract: A membrane separation apparatus adapted for use in ultrafiltration is provided comprising a casing and a membrane unit enclosed therein, said membrane unit comprising a composite membrane folded flatly in zigzag relation to form a plurality of stacked layers defining a plurality of first flow channels in alternately interleaving relation thereto, said composite membrane being made of a flexible porous support and having a pair of selectively permeable membranes on opposite outer surfaces thereof and a second flow channel therebetween.

Abstract: Composite membranes bearing ion-exchange groups suitable for use in membrane separation processes are produced by providing a porous substrate which is physically semipermeable by itself, applying a coating composition consisting essentially of a filmforming polymeric material to which ion-exchange groups are introduceable and a liquid medium onto the surface of said substrate, removing said liquid medium to provide an ultrathin membrane of said material having a thickness less than 10 microns, and treating said ultrathin membrane to provide said ion-exchange groups throughout said ultrathin membrane.