Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a method for forming a multilayer coating film having good coating film smoothness.

Abstract: A four-wheel drive vehicle in which, when a switching request is made for switching from a non-meshing state to a meshing state, the control device calculates a first rotation speed difference between the drive-power-source-side meshing teeth and the sub-drive-wheel-side meshing teeth, and a second rotation speed difference between the drive-power-source-side meshing teeth and the sub-drive-wheel-side meshing teeth. If at least one of the calculated first and second rotation speed differences is within a predetermined range set in advance, the control device couples the sub-drive wheel corresponding to the rotation speed difference within the predetermined range, to the central axle by the control coupling to switch the dog clutch from the non-meshing state to the meshing state. And, if neither the calculated first nor second rotation speed difference is within the predetermined range, the control device prohibits switching of the dog clutch from the non-meshing state to the meshing state.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus includes: a casing that includes an inlet port that takes in air and an outlet port to which a blow-out duct is connected, the casing forming an airflow path extending from the inlet port to the outlet port; a fan unit that is disposed in the casing and sends air from the inlet port to the outlet port in the airflow path; a ventilation member that is disposed in the airflow path and allows air to pass therethrough; a differential pressure gauge that measures a differential pressure between points in front of and behind the ventilation member; and a controller that adjusts a rotational speed of the fan unit based on a measured value of the differential pressure gauge.

Abstract: An uninterrupted power supply apparatus includes a plurality of uninterrupted power supply modules each including a converter, a chopper, and an inverter, and a first control unit configured to output an voltage indication and phase information for controlling timing of switching operations of switching devices in the chopper and the inverter, wherein each of the uninterrupted power supply modules includes a second control unit that is configured to generate a first triangular carrier in synchronization with the phase information, to generate a second triangular carrier such that a phase of the second triangular carrier is synchronized with a phase of the first triangular carrier, the first triangular carrier being used with the voltage indication to control switching operations of the switching devices in the inverter, the second triangular carrier being used with the voltage indication to control switching operations of the switching devices in the chopper.

Abstract: An abnormality cause identifying method that is applied to a computer is provided. The abnormality cause identifying method includes: outputting a control parameter that is calculated based on a detection value detected from a power converter that converts power supplied from a power supply and supplies the converted power to a load; plotting, on coordinates having at least two axes, a value that is calculated using the detection value and the control parameter; and identifying an abnormality cause based on a quadrant of the coordinates on which the value is plotted.

Abstract: Provided is a compound capable of generating a Lewis acid in response to light unlike conventional photo acid generators. The compound comprises an anionic moiety having a central boron atom and a particular cationic moiety (for example, a cation having a HOMO-LUMO gap of 5.3 eV or less). The cationic moiety may, for example, have a skeleton selected from an N-substituted pyridinium skeleton, an N-substituted bipyridinium skeleton, an N-substituted quinolinium skeleton, and a pyrylium skeleton.

Abstract: A refrigeration system includes a heat source unit, a plurality of utilization units, a height-associated value detection unit and a pressure control unit. The heat source unit has a compressor and a heat source-side heat exchanger that functions as a radiator. Each utilization unit has a pressure reducer and a utilization-side heat exchanger that functions as an evaporator. The height-associated value detection unit detects a height-associated value of each utilization unit. The height associated value of each utilization unit corresponds to a height of the utilization unit. The height of each utilization unit is a vertical distance between the utilization unit and the heat source unit. The pressure control unit determines whether each of the utilization units is in operation or stopped and performs refrigerant pressure control based on the height-associated values of the utilization units that have been determined to be in operation.

Abstract: When a photosensitive member and a developing portion are in a separation state and in a start-up period, a first light emission is performed in an image region and a non-image region. When light is detected at least twice during a period when the first light emission is being performed, a second light emission is performed in the non-image region. When a prescribed period of time has elapsed from the start of the second light emission, a third light emission is performed in the image region in a third light emission amount that is smaller than a second light emission amount during a period in which the photosensitive member makes at least one revolution. After the third light emission is performed, the photosensitive member and the developing portion are switched to a contact state.

Abstract: An electronic control unit executes gradual reduction control when a friction clutch is to be maintained in a fully engaged state such that an input rotary member and an output rotary member rotate integrally. As a result, a motor current supplied to a motor is adjusted to a lower current value. Thus, an average current value of the motor current supplied to the motor when the friction clutch is to be maintained in the fully engaged state is appropriately reduced.

Abstract: A four-wheel drive vehicle in which, when a switching request is made for switching from a non-meshing state to a meshing state, the control device calculates a first rotation speed difference between the drive-power-source-side meshing teeth and the sub-drive-wheel-side meshing teeth, and a second rotation speed difference between the drive-power-source-side meshing teeth and the sub-drive-wheel-side meshing teeth. If at least one of the calculated first and second rotation speed differences is within a predetermined range set in advance, the control device couples the sub-drive wheel corresponding to the rotation speed difference within the predetermined range, to the central axle by the control coupling to switch the dog clutch from the non-meshing state to the meshing state. And, if neither the calculated first nor second rotation speed difference is within the predetermined range, the control device prohibits switching of the dog clutch from the non-meshing state to the meshing state.

Abstract: In a photosensitive member and a developing portion are in a separation state and in a start-up period, a first light emission is performed in an image region and a non-image region; when light is detected at least twice during a period when the first light emission is being performed, a second light emission is performed in the non-image region; when a prescribed period of time has elapsed from the start of the second light emission, a third light emission is performed in the image region in a third light emission amount that is smaller than a second light emission amount during a period in which the photosensitive member makes at least one revolution; and, after the third light emission is performed, the photosensitive member and the developing portion are switched to a contact state.

Abstract: An electronic control unit executes gradual reduction control when a friction clutch is to be maintained in a fully engaged state such that an input rotary member and an output rotary member rotate integrally. As a result, a motor current supplied to a motor is adjusted to a lower current value. Thus, an average current value of the motor current supplied to the motor when the friction clutch is to be maintained in the fully engaged state is appropriately reduced.

Abstract: A fluid-pressure brake device for a vehicle includes a brake operation member, a master cylinder, wheel cylinders a fluid-pressure control actuator, a fluid-pressure control circuit, and an electric control unit. Moreover, in the fluid-pressure brake device for a vehicle, normally closed electromagnetic open/close valves are interposed on paths for connecting master system fluid-pressure circuits and a drive fluid chamber of the master cylinder with each other, the master system fluid-pressure circuits being configured to connect pressure chambers of the master cylinder and pressure chambers of the wheel cylinders—with each other. The fluid-pressure brake device for a vehicle is configured so that the electromagnetic open/close valves are opened when an action amount of the brake operation member is equal to or more than a set value. As a result, a size and a stroke of each of master pistons in the master cylinder can be reduced.

Abstract: A brake device includes: a mechanical pressure regulating part having a high-pressure port, a low-pressure port, a pilot pressure input port, and an output port which outputs fluid pressure corresponding to the pressure supplied to the pilot pressure input port by fluid pressures supplied to both of the high- and low-pressure ports, to a chamber for a master piston; a high-pressure source connected to the high-pressure port and the pilot pressure input port; a low-pressure source connected to the low-pressure port and the pilot pressure input port; and an electrically-operated pilot pressure generating part which includes control valves for controlling flows of the brake fluid between the high-pressure source and the pilot pressure input port, and between the low-pressure source and the pilot pressure input port, respectively, and which outputs desired fluid pressure to the pilot pressure input port by controlling flow of the brake fluid with control valves.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a tetracyanoborate-containing ionic compound in a milder condition more efficiently and less expensively than conventional methods, and a tetracyanoborate-containing ionic compound having a reduced content of impure components. An ionic compound of the present invention is represented by the following general formula (I), has a content of fluorine atom-containing impurities of 3 mol % or less per 100 mol % of the ionic compound, and a method for producing an ionic compound represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention comprises a step of reacting starting materials containing a cyanide and a boron compound. (In the formula, Ktm+ denotes an organic cation [Ktb]m+ or an inorganic cation [Ke]m+; and m denotes an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: Both characteristics of brake fluid pressure output from an M/C with respect to an operation amount of a brake operating member, and characteristics of brake fluid pressure with respect to an operation force of the brake operating member can be varied. Adjustment dials are provided in a position that can be operated by a driver, and based on operation of the adjustment dials, F-P characteristics or St-P characteristics and St-F characteristics can be changed. In this manner, it is possible to adjust braking characteristics in accordance with a requirement of the driver. Then, by setting the operation of the adjustment dials to an adjustable range that takes into account safety of a vehicle, the driver can freely change the braking characteristics within that range in accordance with his/her own preferences. In this manner, it is possible to provide a new and comfortable driving environment for the driver.

Abstract: A master cylinder device including: a housing whose front side is closed and which has a separation wall for separating the inside of the housing into a front side chamber and a rear side chamber; a pressurizing piston disposed in the front side chamber so as to define a pressurizing chamber for pressurizing the brake fluid and an input chamber into which a brake fluid from a high pressure source is introduced; an input piston disposed in the rear side chamber and moving forward by an operation force; and a transmission rod which is through the separation wall, whose proximal end portion is fixed in one of the pressurizing and input pistons, and whose distal end portion is apart from the other of the pressurizing and input pistons in a state of no forward movement.

Abstract: A fluid-pressure brake device for a vehicle includes a brake operation member, a master cylinder, wheel cylinders a fluid-pressure control actuator, a fluid-pressure control circuit, and an electric control unit. Moreover, in the fluid-pressure brake device for a vehicle, normally closed electromagnetic open/close valves are interposed on paths for connecting master system fluid-pressure circuits and a drive fluid chamber of the master cylinder with each other, the master system fluid-pressure circuits being configured to connect pressure chambers of the master cylinder and pressure chambers of the wheel cylinders—with each other. The fluid-pressure brake device for a vehicle is configured so that the electromagnetic open/close valves are opened when an action amount of the brake operation member is equal to or more than a set value. As a result, a size and a stroke of each of master pistons in the master cylinder can be reduced.

Abstract: A vehicle brake device is provided with a master piston which is driven to generate a master cylinder pressure. The device includes a pressure accumulation portion that accumulates the brake fluid under pressure; a servo pressure generation portion that is configured to be able to generate the servo pressure using the brake fluid in the pressure accumulation portion regardless of the operation of the brake operation member; brake fluid consumption correlative value detection means for detecting a brake fluid consumption correlative value relating to a consumption of the brake fluid in the pressure accumulation portion; and failure detection means for driving the master pistons only by the servo pressure using the servo pressure generation portion in a state where the brake operation member is not operated, and detecting a failure of a master system, based on a brake fluid consumption correlative value detected by the brake fluid consumption correlative value detection means at that time.

Abstract: A brake device sets a discharge amount of brake fluid by a pump as a target discharge amount that can generate, in cooperation with control of a reaction force hydraulic pressure increasing valve and a reaction force hydraulic pressure reducing valve, a target reaction force hydraulic pressure which is a target value of a reaction force hydraulic pressure in a reaction force chamber, and that can generate, in cooperation with control of a driving hydraulic pressure increasing valve and a driving hydraulic pressure reducing valve, a driving hydraulic pressure in a driving hydraulic pressure chamber. The brake device also controls the pump such that brake fluid of the target discharge amount is discharged by the pump and controls the valves such that the target reaction force hydraulic pressure is generated in the reaction force chamber and the target driving hydraulic pressure is generated in the driving hydraulic pressure chamber.