Abstract: On a first substrate, a TFT which is a switching element is provided for each pixel, and above an insulating film covering this TFT, a reflective layer which is insulated from the TFT and which reflects light entering a second substrate and transmitting through a second electrode made of ITO is formed. Further, a first electrode having a work function similar to that of the second electrode and made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO is formed closer to a liquid crystal layer than the reflective layer, and this first electrode is connected with the TFT. With this configuration, the liquid crystal layer can be symmetrically AC driven by the first and second electrodes. A reliable connection between the first electrode and the TFT is provided through a connection metal layer made of a refractory metal.

Abstract: A scanner-equipped apparatus includes a combination of a base unit such as a printer unit, personal computer or word processor incorporating a printer unit and a scanner unit. The printer unit and the scanner unit can operate as automatic sheet feeder type apparatus, respectively. The scanner unit can be used as a handy scanner in the state detached from the base unit. The basic unit and the scanner unit are disposed substantially in upstanding posture in parallel with each other, wherein the scanner unit is removably combined with the base unit so that the scanner unit can be used as the handy scanner. A sheet transporting path for the scanner is formed between confronting surfaces of the base unit and the scanner unit. The sheet feeding mechanism for the scanner unit is so implemented as to be used intact as a driving mechanism for the handy scanner. The scanner-equipped apparatus can be realized inexpensively in a simplified mechanical structure while ensuring enhanced manipulatability.

Abstract: A reflective layer for reflecting light incident from a second substrate side and transmitting through a second electrode made of ITO or the like is formed above a first substrate, a switching element provided for each pixel, and an insulating film covering the switching element, the reflective layer being insulated from the switching element. A first electrode having a work function similar to the second electrode and made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO is formed more proximate to a liquid crystal layer than is the reflective layer and is connected to the switching element. The thickness of the first electrode is set to 100 ? or less or in a range approximately from 750 ? to 1250 ?. Alternatively, the switching element maybe connected to the reflective electrode, the first electrode and the reflective electrode which are formed with an insulating film therebetween may be capacitively coupled, and the first electrode may be driven by the reflective electrode via the capacitor.

Abstract: The amount of heat for thermal regeneration of an adsorber (80) is increased by making the sensible heat zone (R) for refrigerant (106) in a refrigeration cycle larger than that for R22.

Abstract: A pick roller picks a sheet stacked in a hoper and transports the sheet toward a separating section at which a separator roller and a break roller is provided. The separator roller and the break roller transport the sheet one by one. A first unit is provided on the brake roller and is adapted to detect a rotation of the break roller. A second unit is provided in the separating section and is adapted to detect a speed of the sheet. A controller is operable to determine an entry state of the sheet with respect to the separator roller based on presence or absence of the sheet in the separating section determined from the speed of the sheet in the separating section and whether or not the brake roller is rotating, and to optimally control a force acting in separation for the sheet.

Abstract: A humidity control device includes a first adsorption element (81) and a second adsorption element (82). A first filter (301) is provided under the first adsorption element (81), while a second filter (302) is provided under the second adsorption element (82). The humidity control device performs first operation and second operation alternately. Directions of air flowing through the respective filters (301, 302) are reversed between the first operation and the second operation. Reversal of the direction of the air flowing through each filter (301, 302) removes dust and the like from each filter (301, 302).

Abstract: A humidity control device includes a first adsorption element (81) and a second adsorption element (82). A first filter (301) is provided under the first adsorption element (81), while a second filter (302) is provided under the second adsorption element (82). The humidity control device performs first operation and second operation alternately. Directions of air flowing through the respective filters (301, 302) are reversed between the first operation and the second operation. Reversal of the direction of the air flowing through each filter (301, 302) removes dust and the like from each filter (301, 302).

Abstract: A transporter is adapted to transport a sheet in a transport direction in a transport path that includes a detecting range. A measurer is disposed at an upstream end of the detecting range in the transport direction, and is operable to measure a moving distance of the sheet. A detector is disposed at a downstream end of the detecting range in the transport direction, and is operable to detect a leading end edge of the sheet. A processor is operable to detect a jam in case that the moving distance is longer than a distance of the detecting range in the transport direction while the leading end edge of the sheet is not detected by the detector.

Abstract: A transporter is adapted to transport a sheet in a first direction. At least three detectors are disposed at a downstream side of the transporter in the first direction. Each of the detectors is operable to detect passing time of a leading end edge of the sheet. A processor is operable to calculate: a first angle of the sheet with respect to the first direction based on a first difference of the passing time detected by first two of the detectors and a first distance between the first two of the detectors; and a second angle of the sheet with respect to the first direction based on a second difference of the passing time detected by second two of the detectors and a second distance between the second two of the detectors, and operable to detect a jam in case that a value of an angular difference between the first angle and the second angle is larger than a prescribed value.

Abstract: A vibration-function-equipped control input system includes: a display panel capable of displaying a control screen; a touch panel; a pressure-position detector; a vibration section that generates vibration to apply to the touch panel; and a controller operatively connected to the display panel, the touch panel, the pressure-position detector, and the vibration section. The controller directs the vibration section to generate a vibration of a first vibration pattern when a predetermined time has passed after the part of the touch panel corresponding to the position of a control key displayed on the control screen is pushed, and subsequently directs the vibration section to generate a vibration of a second vibration pattern when a change of a control object controlled by the control key is detected after the predetermined time has passed.

Abstract: A paper feed apparatus of the present invention includes a pick mechanism for successively taking out, by use of a pick roller 1, a plurality of sheets of paper stacked on a chute from the bottom side thereof, leading ends of the sheets being aligned by means of a stopper block 2 in a state in which the sheets are stacked on the chute. Moreover, the apparatus includes a roller guide 11 and an abutment guide 12. When the roller guide 11 is raised to a paper setting position in a direction away from the pick roller 1, the roller guide 11 raises the leading ends of the sheets stacked on the chute to thereby prevent contact between the sheets and the pick roller 1. The abutment guide 12 aligns the leading ends of the sheets when the roller guide 11 is raised.

Abstract: The present invention provides new process for preparing inorganic fine particles, which suppresses agglomeration and adhesion of particles due to heat when preparing powder from a raw material liquid such as a slurry of zirconia hydrate fine particles in order to obtain inorganic raw material powder having sharp particle size distribution. Furthermore, the present invention provides a new process for preparing inorganic fine particles, which can make the chemical structure homogenous among the produced particles and inside the particles even in a multi-component system. The present invention provides a process for preparing inorganic fine particles, which comprises heating and applying impulse waves to a raw material liquid.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a transparent resin material having a low water absorption ratio without deteriorating various properties such as transparency which transparent resin has and also having a controllable refractive index. The present invention provides a transparent resin material containing a polymer capable of forming a formed product having transparency, wherein the transparent resin material comprises a fluorine atom-containing polymer and/or compound and contains 0.3 to 35% by weight of a fluorine atom in 100% by weight of the formed product.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a fluorine-containing compound which can be used for applications such as additives making a transparent resin material low in a water absorbing ratio and high in water repellency without deteriorating of various properties such as transparency which the transparent resin material has, a fluorine-containing ester compound which is superior in properties such as heat resistance and low moisture(water) absorption property and can be suitably used in various fields such as a material for electronic information, a material for precision instruments and an optical material, a fluorine-containing aryl ester polymer, methods of producing the same.

Abstract: A hydraulic braking pressure generating apparatus for a vehicle includes a hydraulic pressure generator for generating a predetermined hydraulic pressure irrespective of a braking operation of a brake operation member and for outputting the predetermined hydraulic pressure, an input member moved in response to the brake operation member, a first elastic member for transmitting a brake operation force applied to the input member and for applying a stroke corresponding to the brake operation force to the input member, a regulation valve connecting to the first elastic member and for regulating the outputted hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pressure generator in response to the brake operation force transmitted through the first elastic member and for outputting a regulated hydraulic pressure and a second elastic member connecting the regulation valve and for urging the regulation valve toward its initial position.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a master cylinder provided with an annular seal member (S1) having an annular groove of U-shaped cross section formed on its one end face, and a substantially annular seal retainer (30) for restricting at least axial movement of the seal member, and including a substantially annular lifted wall portion (31) formed to extend axially into the U-shaped annular groove of the seal member, and a substantially annular step portion (32) formed on an inner periphery of the lifted wall portion, for contacting an open end face of the seal member. The seal retainer is reduced in diameter by radial pressing force produced when it is received in a cylinder bore (1), and restored when the pressing force is released. The seal member is placed in an annular hold groove (1d), and the seal retainer is received from an open end of the cylinder bore to be placed in an annular transfer groove (1b), with the seal retainer reduced in diameter.

Abstract: A vehicle brake apparatus comprises brake operation detecting device for detecting an operation of a brake operating member, a fluid pressure type booster which boosts the operating force applied to the brake operating member, a pressure detecting device for detecting a pressure supplied to the fluid pressure type booster, and an electric motor control device. A recirculating type hydraulic pressure modulator is disposed in a hydraulic pressure conduit between a master cylinder and a wheel brake cylinder. The electric motor control device drives an electric motor for activating a recirculating pump in response to the brake operation detected by the brake operation detecting device and the pressure detected by the pressure detecting means so that the pressure in the wheel brake cylinder is modulated.

Abstract: A braking pressure generating apparatus for a vehicle includes a hydraulic pressure generator for generating and outputting a power pressure irrespective of an operation of a brake pedal, and an input member connected with the brake pedal. A regulation valve is disposed coaxially with the input member to regulate the power pressure outputted from the hydraulic pressure generator to a predetermined pressure corresponding to the braking operation force of the brake pedal and output the predetermined pressure. The regulation valve includes a body and a valve portion movably disposed in the body. A force distribution device is disposed between the input member and the regulation valve to the distribute braking operation force applied to the input member the valve portion and the body of the regulation valve.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake device includes a hydraulic pressure supply passage for reducing the output hydraulic pressure by a first proportional solenoid valve and supplying it to a hydraulic passage leading from a pressure adjusting valve to the wheel cylinders, a second proportional solenoid valve disposed between the hydraulic pressure supply passage and the pressure adjusting valve for reducing the hydraulic pressure supplied from the hydraulic pressure supply passage, and a check valve parallel to the second proportional solenoid valve. Hydraulic pressure control during automatic brake control is carried out by the first and second proportional solenoid valves.

Abstract: A master cylinder includes a cylinder housing having a cylinder bore, a seal cup disposed inside the cylinder bore, and a piston slidably disposed in the cylinder bore in sliding contact with the seal cup and defining a pressure chamber in cooperation with the housing and the seal cup. The piston includes a connecting passage which fluidly connects the pressure chamber with an atmospheric pressure chamber when the piston is in a retracted position. The seal cup cuts off fluid communication between the pressure chamber and the atmospheric pressure chamber through the connecting passage when the piston moves in its axial direction by a prescribed distance from its retracted position. The connecting passage is a stepped hole having a first end portion with a small diameter which communicates with the pressure chamber and a second end portion with a large diameter which opens onto an outer peripheral surface of the piston.