Abstract: The work vehicle 1 includes a main controller 100 that controls a travel driving force and a work driving force. The main controller 100 includes a travel remaining time calculating unit 111 that calculates a remaining time until a target rise/run distance is reached as a travel remaining time tC, a work remaining time calculating unit 112 that calculates a remaining time until a target arm angle is reached as a work remaining time t1, a rise/run determining unit 113 that determines whether rise/run is being performed or not, a correction rate setting unit 114 that sets a travel correction rate ?C that adjusts a travel driving torque and a work correction rate ?I that adjusts a work driving torque based on the travel remaining time tC, the work remaining time t1, and the rise/run determination flag, and an engine torque distribution calculating unit 115 that calculates a travel driving torque command and a work driving torque command based on the travel correction rate ?C and the work correction rate ?I.

Abstract: A work vehicle includes: an engine; a hydraulic pump that is driven by the engine; hydraulic cylinders that are extended and contracted by pressurized fluid delivered from the hydraulic pump; a work device that is moved according to the extension/contraction operations of the hydraulic cylinders; a travel device that is driven independently of the work device; an electrically driven motor that is driven by electric power generated by the engine to operate the travel device; and a controller that controls the hydraulic cylinders and the electrically driven motor. The controller controls the output power of the hydraulic pump and the output power of the electrically driven motor by changing the distribution ratios of a first torque consumed by the work device and a second torque consumed by the travel device among torques output by the engine, on the basis of a reaction force received by the vehicle body.

Abstract: To provide a technique for reliably acquiring a required braking power during travel and for efficiently using a regenerative power generated during braking. A work vehicle calculates a regenerative power outputted from an electric motor and a target hydraulic driving power for driving a hydraulic pump, supplies the regenerative power to the generator motor operating as a motor and makes the generator motor consume the regenerative power in a case where the regenerative power is equal to or smaller than the target hydraulic driving power, and supplies the regenerative power to the generator motor operating as the motor and makes an exhaust brake consume a power equivalent to a difference between the regenerative power and the target hydraulic driving power in a case where the regenerative power is larger than the target hydraulic driving power.

Abstract: To provide a technique for reliably acquiring a required braking power during travel and for efficiently using a regenerative power generated during braking. A work vehicle calculates a regenerative power outputted from an electric motor and a target hydraulic driving power for driving a hydraulic pump, supplies the regenerative power to the generator motor operating as a motor and makes the generator motor consume the regenerative power in a case where the regenerative power is equal to or smaller than the target hydraulic driving power, and supplies the regenerative power to the generator motor operating as the motor and makes an exhaust brake consume a power equivalent to a difference between the regenerative power and the target hydraulic driving power in a case where the regenerative power is larger than the target hydraulic driving power.

Abstract: A hybrid wheel loader includes a control device (200) that estimates output power of an engine (1) and an electricity storage device (11) when the hybrid wheel loader is inferred on the basis of output values of detectors (62, 63) to be traveling towards an object of excavation in order to perform an excavating work, and then, if the output power is less than target power considered necessary for the excavating work, accelerates the engine (1) to a target revolution speed while increasing the electric power supplied from the electricity storage device to a traveling motor (9). Accordingly, power necessary for excavation can be drawn from the engine even when the engine revolution speed is low and there is a fear of power deficiency occurring at the time of the excavating work.

Abstract: This invention includes a hydraulic pump (9), a working implement (107) having a lift cylinder (13) driven by a hydraulic fluid supplied from the hydraulic pump (9), an operating device (104) for operating the working implement (107), a traveling motor (7) for driving wheels, and a main controller (100). When the lift cylinder (13) fails to operate despite an extending instruction being imparted to the lift cylinder (13) via the operating device (104), the main controller (100) reduces a limit value for an increase rate of a torque required in the traveling motor (7) to a value smaller than that applied when the lift cylinder (13) operates. With this configuration, occurrence of wheel slip during lifting of an object to be carried can be reduced.

Abstract: A hybrid wheel loader includes a control device (200) that estimates output power of an engine (1) and an electricity storage device (11) when the hybrid wheel loader is inferred on the basis of output values of detectors (62, 63) to be traveling towards an object of excavation in order to perform an excavating work, and then, if the output power is less than target power considered necessary for the excavating work, accelerates the engine (1) to a target revolution speed while increasing the electric power supplied from the electricity storage device to a traveling motor (9). Accordingly, power necessary for excavation can be drawn from the engine even when the engine revolution speed is low and there is a fear of power deficiency occurring at the time of the excavating work.

Abstract: This invention includes a hydraulic pump (9), a working implement (107) having a lift cylinder (13) driven by a hydraulic fluid supplied from the hydraulic pump (9), an operating device (104) for operating the working implement (107), a traveling motor (7) for driving wheels, and a main controller (100). When the lift cylinder (13) fails to operate despite an extending instruction being imparted to the lift cylinder (13) via the operating device (104), the main controller (100) reduces a limit value for an increase rate of a torque required in the traveling motor (7) to a value smaller than that applied when the lift cylinder (13) operates. With this configuration, occurrence of wheel slip during lifting of an object to be carried can be reduced.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope is provided for scanning a sample surface with a probe formed on a cantilever and detecting an interaction acting between the probe and the sample surface to measure a physical property including a surface shape of the sample. The microscope includes an arrangement for detecting torsion of the cantilever and for correcting a profile error caused by deflection of the probe and torsion of the cantilever based on the amount of torsion which is detected.

Abstract: In the case of measuring a pattern having a steep side wall, a probe adheres to the side wall by the van der Waals forces acting between the probe and the side wall when approaching the pattern side wall, and an error occurs in a measured profile of the side wall portion. When a pattern having a groove width almost equal to a probe diameter is measured, the probe adheres to both side walls, the probe cannot reach the groove bottom, and the groove depth cannot be measured. When the probe adheres to a pattern side wall in measurements of a microscopic high-aspect ratio pattern using an elongated probe, the probe is caused to reach the side wall bottom by detecting the adhesion of the probe to the pattern side wall, and temporarily increasing a contact force between the probe and the sample. Also, by obtaining the data of the amount of torsion of a cantilever with the shape data of the pattern, a profile error of the side wall portion by the adhesion is corrected by the obtained data of the amount of torsion.

Abstract: A diffusion sheet includes: a substrate having a first principal surface and a second principal surface; and structures each in a convex shape formed randomly on the first principal surface or the second principal surface of the substrate. The structures have an identical or almost identical height. The structures have an aspect ratio h/r, where r denotes an average radius of the structures and h denotes an average height of the structures, of more than 0.85 and not more than 1.50. The structures have a filling factor of not less than 60% and not more than 80%.

Abstract: In the case of measuring a pattern having a steep side wall, a probe adheres to the side wall by the van der Waals forces acting between the probe and the side wall when approaching the pattern side wall, and an error occurs in a measured profile of the side wall portion. When a pattern having a groove width almost equal to a probe diameter is measured, the probe adheres to both side walls, the probe cannot reach the groove bottom, and the groove depth cannot be measured. When the probe adheres to a pattern side wall in measurements of a microscopic high-aspect ratio pattern using an elongated probe, the probe is caused to reach the side wall bottom by detecting the adhesion of the probe to the pattern side wall, and temporarily increasing a contact force between the probe and the sample. Also, by obtaining the data of the amount of torsion of a cantilever with the shape data of the pattern, a profile error of the side wall portion by the adhesion is corrected by the obtained data of the amount of torsion.

Abstract: In the case of measuring a pattern having a steep side wall, a probe adheres to the side wall by the van der Waals forces acting between the probe and the side wall when approaching the pattern side wall, and an error occurs in a measured profile of the side wall portion. When a pattern having a groove width almost equal to a probe diameter is measured, the probe adheres to both side walls, the probe cannot reach the groove bottom, and the groove depth cannot be measured. When the probe adheres to a pattern side wall in measurements of a microscopic high-aspect ratio pattern using an elongated probe, the probe is caused to reach the side wall bottom by detecting the adhesion of the probe to the pattern side wall, and temporarily increasing a contact force between the probe and the sample. Also, by obtaining the data of the amount of torsion of a cantilever with the shape data of the pattern, a profile error of the side wall portion by the adhesion is corrected by the obtained data of the amount of torsion.

Abstract: An optical element laminate is provided and includes a first optical element and a second optical element superimposed with the first optical element. The first optical element and the second optical element are each a rectangular film or sheet. The first optical element has at least two side walls at two opposing sides among four sides of the first optical element and the second optical element has at least two side walls at two opposing sides among four sides of the second optical element.

Abstract: A retardation compensator 40 for compensating for residual retardation of a liquid crystal panel 11 includes a retardation compensating plate 50 having birefringence. An in-plane retardation R0c of the retardation compensating plate 50 and an in-plane retardation R0p of the liquid crystal panel 11 satisfy a relationship of 1<R0c/R0p?10, thereby allowing changes in the amount of compensated retardation among rotation angles occurring when the retardation compensating plate 50 is set with respect to the liquid crystal panel 11 to be confined within narrow limits. Therefore, the contrast can be adjusted readily, and variations in residual retardation among the individual liquid crystal panels 11 can be accommodated flexibly.

Abstract: A diffusion sheet includes: a substrate having a first principal surface and a second principal surface; and structures each in a convex shape formed randomly on the first principal surface or the second principal surface of the substrate. The structures have an identical or almost identical height. The structures have an aspect ratio h/r, where r denotes an average radius of the structures and h denotes an average height of the structures, of more than 0.85 and not more than 1.50. The structures have a filling factor of not less than 60% and not more than 80%.

Abstract: In a tip having a carbon nanotube tip used to a scanning probe microscope, its length of the tip is adjusted in a several order of 10 nm and the tip maintains cylindrical shape up to the extremity portion.

Abstract: An optical element laminate is provided and includes a first optical element and a second optical element superimposed with the first optical element. The first optical element and the second optical element are each a rectangular film or sheet. The first optical element has at least two side walls at two opposing sides among four sides of the first optical element and the second optical element has at least two side walls at two opposing sides among four sides of the second optical element.

Abstract: In the case of measuring a pattern having a steep side wall, a probe adheres to the side wall by the van der Waals forces acting between the probe and the side wall when approaching the pattern side wall, and an error occurs in a measured profile of the side wall portion. When a pattern having a groove width almost equal to a probe diameter is measured, the probe adheres to both side walls, the probe cannot reach the groove bottom, and the groove depth cannot be measured. When the probe adheres to a pattern side wall in measurements of a microscopic high-aspect ratio pattern using an elongated probe, the probe is caused to reach the side wall bottom by detecting the adhesion of the probe to the pattern side wall, and temporarily increasing a contact force between the probe and the sample. Also, by obtaining the data of the amount of torsion of a cantilever with the shape data of the pattern, a profile error of the side wall portion by the adhesion is corrected by the obtained data of the amount of torsion.

Abstract: This probe control method is applied to the scanning probe microscope having a probe section with a probe pointed at a sample, a detection section for detecting physical quantity between the sample and the probe, a measurement section for measuring the surface of the sample to obtain the surface information on the basis of the physical quantity when scanning the sample surface by the probe, and a movement mechanism with at least two degree of freedom. The probe control method has steps of moving the probe in a scanning direction different from the contact direction while making the probe come into contact with the sample surface, detecting the torsional state of the probe during the movement of the probe, and adjusting either or both of the rate in the scanning direction and the force in the contact direction on the basis of the detected value obtained by the detection step.