Abstract: A liquid crystal optical device including a liquid crystal/polymer composite film including a matrix polymer composed mainly of a transparent resin having an ionic dissociative group and, dispersed therein, a liquid crystal particle; and conductive substrates sandwiching the liquid crystal/polymer composite film therebetween, at least one of the conductive substrates being transparent.

Abstract: Prior to the press-contact between a pattern-transferring flat plate and a transfer-receiving flat plate, at least one of these flat plates is moved to a predetermined position to effect the positioning therebetween, while the positional relation between the pattern-transferring flat plate and the transfer-receiving flat plate is optically observed, and thereafter these flat plates are sequentially press-contacted to each other from an end of the flat plates. Therefore, there is no positional difference between the flat plates which have been correctly positioned, and further the adhesion strength between the transfer pattern and the transfer-receiving flat plate is uniform.

Abstract: While a pattern side register mark provided on a pattern transferring plate provided with a transfer pattern and a work side register mark provided on a work are optically observed by means of an observation optical system, at least one of the pattern transferring plate and a work surface plate carrying thereon the work is moved in a non-contact state in accordance with information provided by the observation optical system to effect registration between the transfer pattern and the work, so that the pattern transferring plate is pressed to the work thereby to transfer the transfer pattern onto the work.

Abstract: A method of and system for compiling a source program, in which a translator translates source programs into executable programs and generates a name table and a name mutual reference information table that contain names used in the source programs. A text editor edits the source program to-be-compiled on the basis of information in a displayed name mutual reference table obtained from information in the name table and the name mutual reference information table. By selectively designating a part necessary for the editing, from within the displayed name mutual reference table, and then starting the text editor, it is possible to efficiently perform operations from the generation of the name mutual reference table for the names used in the source programs, to effect editing of the source program.

Abstract: Prior to the press-contact between a pattern-transferring flat plate and a transfer-receiving flat plate, at least one of these flat plates is moved to a predetermined position to effect the positioning therebetween, while the positional relation between the pattern-transferring flat plate and the transfer-receiving flat plate is optically observed, and thereafter these flat plates are sequentially press-contacted to each other from an end of the flat plates. Therefore, there is no positional difference between the flat plates which have been correctly positioned, and further the adhesion strength between the transfer pattern and the transfer-receiving flat plate is uniform.

Abstract: In a lead frame for use in a plastic mold type semiconductor device having a frame, a die pad on which a semiconductor element is mounted, a tie bar for connecting the die pad to said frame and for supporting the die pad, a plurality of leads whose inner ends of the leads are disposed around the die pad and the leads have inner leads portions which are portions to be sealed in a mold, metal plated region applied only to cover the inner lead and opposite end portions of the the die pad respectively confronting the inner leads, but the tie bar is not plated.

Abstract: For printing fine patterns, a fine pattern of a setting type ink is applied to a printing plate surface to become printing elements. Then, the setting type ink thus applied on the printing plate is subjected to a setting treatment thereby to set at least one part of the ink pattern, and thereafter the printing plate and an object to be printed are pressed relatively against each other thereby to transfer the ink pattern onto the print object. The printing plate can be an intaglio plate or a lithographic plate. Fine patterns of printing element widths as fine as 3 .mu.m with an ink film thickness of 2 .mu.m can be printed efficiently with the high precision on various objects including hard and rigid objects.

Abstract: A fine pattern is formed by the following steps. A prescribed mask pattern of an electrically insulative material is formed on an electroconductive surface of a base plate of a printing plate, so that the part, other than the mask pattern, of the printing plate becomes an electroconductive printing pattern part. Then, electrolysis is carried out in an electrolyte containing an electrodeposition substance as an ingredient with the printing plate as one electrode and with an opposing electrode, both immersed in the electrolyte, so that the electrodeposition substance is deposited on the electroconductive printing pattern part of the printing plate. Thereafter, the printing plate is withdrawn out from the electrolyte, washed and dried. Then, the deposited substance is transferred onto the surface of a printing object such as a plate of glass or plastic, for forming a pattern thereon.

Abstract: A new data recording method is provided in which a consumed amount of predetermined value is recorded in a card memory. Two recording areas are provided in a card memory. The first recording area consists of a plurality of record bits (a through j) which are unchangeable when marked. The second recording area consists of a changeable memory (M). Upper digits of the consumed amount are recorded in the first recording area so as to improve the factor of safety and lower digits of the consumed amount are recorded in the second recording area so as to improve the factor of freedom.

Abstract: A transparent-type hologram comprising a transparent hologram-forming layer and a holographic effect-enhancing layer comprising a thin transparent film, the holographic effect-enhancing layer being laminated on the hologram-forming portion of the transparent hologram-forming layer. The holographic effect-enhancing layer has a refractive index different from that of the transparent hologram-forming layer.

Abstract: An image forming material comprises an image forming layer disposed on a support and comprising (a) aqueous composition comprising a hydrophilic binder layer containing metal developing nuclei or their precursor compound, and water and (b) an organic composition comprising an oil-soluble development inhibitor which is a compound having a diazo group or azide group and a water-miscible organic solvent. An image is formed by exposing the image forming layer to patternized light and then contacting it with a developer containing reducible metal ions and a reducing agent thereby to form an image constituted by metal particles grown at the light-exposed parts.

Abstract: For contact-printing an original such as a photographic negative on a light-sensitive material a vacuum printing frame is provided which comprises a first vacuum chamber between a light-transmitting plate and an elastic diaphragm, and a second vacuum chamber opposed to the first vacuum chamber across the diaphragm. The two vacuum chambers are evacuated simultaneously, with the original and sensitive material mounted in superposition in the first vacuum chamber. Upon subsequent introduction of atmospheric pressure into the second vacuum chamber the original and the sensitive material make close, uniform contact with each other, thereby making themselves ready for exposure. Another embodiment employs a third vacuum chamber disposed opposite to the first vacuum chamber across the light-transmitting plate. Evacuated simultaneously with the first and second vacuum chambers, the third vacuum chamber makes possible the use of a thinner light-transmitting plate, which normally is of glass.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel planographic printing plate suitable for dry planographic printing without supply of dampening water and a method for the preparation thereof. The inventive printing plate has, on one surface of a base plate, a layer of an organopolysiloxane composed of the areas where fresh surface of the organopolysiloxane is exposed bare as the ink-repellent non-image areas and the areas where the surface of the organopolysiloxane layer has been subjected to the treatment with low temperature plasma to be oleophilic or ink-receptive as the image areas of the printing plate. According to the inventive method, the pattern-wise exposure of the organopolysiloxane layer to the plasma atmosphere is performed by first providing a pattern-wise layer of a plasma resistant protective resist layer on the organopolysiloxane layer followed by the plasma treatment and removal of the resist layer.

Abstract: An electro-optic device comprises a plurality of first electrodes provided on a top substrate and a second electrode provided on a bottom substrate, the first electrodes confronting the second electrode through electro-optical matter which will show electro-optical phenomena by the application of electric field, the first and second electrodes being connected through external impedance elements such as resistors or capacitors to a variable voltage source. In this electro-optic device, the electric field applied between the first and second electrodes are partially changed by various means, for instance, by making the areas of the first electrodes different, or by varying the values of the external impedance elements such as resistors or capacitors, as a result of which the electro-optical matter shows various electro-optical phenomena.

Abstract: An electro-optic device comprises a plurality of first electrodes provided on a top substrate and a second electrode provided on a bottom substrate, the first electrodes confronting the second electrode through electro-optical matter which will show electro-optical phenomena by the application of electric field, the first and second electrodes being connected through electrical elements such as resistors or capacitors to a variable voltage source. In this electro-optic device, the electric field applied between the first and second electrodes are partially changed by various means, for instance, by making the areas of the first electrodes different, or by varying the values of the electrical elements such as resistors or capacitors, as a result of which the electro-optical matter shows various electro-optical phenomena.