Abstract: A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes an error count module and a sensor diagnostic module. The error count module increases an error count when an actual air/fuel ratio generated by an oxygen sensor monitoring an exhaust system of an engine is different than a desired air/fuel ratio. The error count module selectively adjusts a rate at which the error count is increased based on an ambient temperature. The sensor diagnostic module diagnoses a fault in the oxygen sensor when the error count is greater than a first predetermined count.

Abstract: In various embodiments, apparatuses for receiving and supporting one or more components during processing thereof at process temperatures greater than approximately 1000° C. feature refractory metal shelves separated by refractory metal support posts.

Abstract: In various embodiments, apparatuses for receiving and supporting one or more components during processing thereof at process temperatures greater than approximately 1000° C. feature refractory metal shelves separated by refractory metal support posts.

Abstract: In various embodiments, joined sputtering targets are formed at least in part by spray deposition of the sputtering material and/or welding.

Abstract: A compound with the formula (I), wherein: R2 is of formula (II), where X is selected from the group comprising: OH, SH, CO2H, COH, N?C?O, NHNH2, CONHNH2, formula (A), formula (B), NHRN, wherein RN is selected from the group comprising H and C1-4 alkyl; RC1, RC2 and RC3 are independently selected from H and unsubstituted C1-2 alkyl; and either: R12 is selected from the group consisting of: (ia) C5-10 aryl group, optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group comprising: halo, nitro, cyano, ether, C1-7 alkyl, C3-7 heterocyclyl and bis-oxy-C1-3 alkylene; (ib) C1-5 saturated aliphatic alkyl; (ic) C3-6 saturated cycloalkyl; (id) formula (C), wherein each of R21, R22 and R23 are independently selected from H, C1-3 saturated alkyl, C2-3 alkenyl, C2-3 alkynyl and cyclopropyl, where the total number of carbon atoms in the R12 group is no more than 5; (ie) formula (D), wherein one of R25a and R25b is H and the other is selected from: phenyl, which phenyl is optionally substituted by a group

Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or conjugates thereof, selected from the group consisting of formula wherein: (a) R10 is H, and R11 is OH, ORA, where RA is saturated C1-4 alkyl; (b) R10 and R11 form a nitrogen-carbon double bond between the nitrogen and carbon atoms to which they are bound; or (c) R10 is H and R11 is S02M, where z is 2 or 3 and M is a monovalent pharmaceutically acceptable cation, or both M together are a divalent pharmaceutically acceptable cation.

Abstract: This invention relates to pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs), in particular pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers having a C2-C3 double bond and an aryl group at the C2 position in each monomer unit, and their inclusion in targeted conjugates. The differing substituent groups may offer advantages in the preparation and use of the compounds, particularly in their biological properties and the synthesis of conjugates, and the biological properties of these conjugates.

Abstract: In various embodiments, joined sputtering targets are formed at least in part by spray deposition of the sputtering material and/or welding.

Abstract: Provided are Conjugate comprising PBDs conjugated to a targeting agent and methods of using such PBDs.

Abstract: A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes a Reid vapor pressure (RVP) module and a fuel control module. The RVP module determines a Reid vapor pressure of fuel combusted by an engine based on a hydrocarbon concentration measured by a hydrocarbon sensor disposed in a fuel system of the engine. The fuel control module controls at least one of a fuel injector of the engine, a purge valve in an evaporative emissions (EVAP) system of the engine, and a vent valve in the EVAP system of the engine to adjust an amount of fuel delivered to cylinders of the engine based on the Reid vapor pressure.

Abstract: A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes an engine speed module and a valve control module. The engine speed module determines a speed of an engine based on a position of a crankshaft. The valve control module selectively adjusts an operating frequency of a purge valve based on the engine speed.

Abstract: In various embodiments, joined sputtering targets are formed at least in part by spray deposition of the sputtering material and/or welding.

Abstract: A system according to the present disclosure includes a valve control module, a purge fraction module, and a diagnostic module. The valve control module opens a purge valve in an evaporative emissions system to allow purge vapor to flow to an intake system of an engine. The purge fraction module determines first and second fractions of purge vapor delivered to the engine relative to a total amount of air and purge vapor delivered to the engine based on first and second inputs, respectively. The first input is from a hydrocarbon sensor disposed in the evaporative emissions system of the engine. The second input is from an oxygen sensor disposed in an exhaust system of the engine. The diagnostic module selectively diagnoses a fault in at least one of the evaporative emissions system and the hydrocarbon sensor based on the first and second purge fractions when the purge valve is open.

Abstract: Provided are Conjugate comprising PBDs conjugated to a targeting agent and methods of using such PBDs.

Abstract: Fueling to one cylinder of an engine is selectively adjusted based on a correction associated with the cylinder. An instability module increments a counter value when the correction is equal to one of a first predetermined value and a second predetermined value and was previously equal to the other one of the first and second predetermined values. The instability module selectively generates a first indicator based on the counter value. A variance of imbalance values can be determined based on samples of an exhaust gas oxygen signal. Two variances are determined: one variance with adjustment based on the correction, one without adjustment based on the correction. A variance checking module selectively generates a second indicator based on the first and second variances. A re-synchronization module re-synchronizes the imbalance values with the cylinders, respectively, in response to generation of the first indicator and/or the second indicator.

Abstract: A method for equalizing the bandwidth of requesters using a shared memory system is disclosed. In one embodiment, such a method includes receiving multiple access requests to access a shared memory system. Each access request originates from a different requester coupled to the shared memory system. The method then determines which of the access requests has been waiting the longest to access the shared memory system. The access requests are then ordered so that the access request that has been waiting the longest is transmitted to the shared memory system after the other access requests. The requester associated with the longest-waiting access request may then transmit additional access requests to the shared memory system immediately after the longest-waiting access request has been transmitted. A corresponding apparatus and computer program product are also disclosed.

Abstract: In various embodiments, joined sputtering targets are formed at least in part by spray deposition of the sputtering material and/or welding.

Abstract: A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes an error count module and a sensor diagnostic module. The error count module increases an error count when an actual air/fuel ratio is different from a desired air/fuel ratio and selectively adjusts the error count based on an actual engine speed. An oxygen sensor generates a signal indicating the actual air/fuel ratio. The sensor diagnostic module diagnoses a fault in the oxygen sensor when the error count is greater than a first predetermined count.

Abstract: In various embodiments, joined sputtering targets are formed at least in part by spray deposition of the sputtering material and/or welding.