Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel, a first gate driver, a second gate driver, a third gate driver, and a data driver. The display apparatus is operable in a low frequency driving mode, and the low frequency driving mode includes a writing frame and a holding frame. At least one of gate power voltages used to generate a first gate signal, a second gate signal, and an emission signal has a first voltage level in the writing frame of the low frequency driving mode and a second voltage level in the holding frame of the low frequency driving mode. The data voltage is applied to the pixel in the writing frame of the low frequency driving mode. The data voltage applied to the pixel in the writing frame of the low frequency driving mode is maintained in the holding frame of the low frequency driving mode.

Abstract: A message server and a message processing apparatus including the same are provided. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, when the device management module is not available to be used, a message is directly delivered to the application client through the third party message server so that the reliability of the message forwarded between a sender side and a receiver side can be ensured.

Abstract: A pixel includes: a first transistor configured to generate a driving current corresponding to a data signal transmitted from a corresponding data line; a first light emitting diode (LED) including a cathode connected to a first power supply line and an anode connected to a second power supply line, and configured to emit light by the driving current; a second light emitting diode (LED) including a cathode connected to the second power supply line and an anode connected to the first power supply line, and configured to emit light by the driving current; a second transistor connected to the anode of the first light emitting diode (LED), and configured to transmit the driving current to the first light emitting diode (LED); and a third transistor connected to the anode of the second light emitting diode (LED), and configured to transmit the driving current to the second light emitting diode (LED.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a compound derivative containing a 6-7 bicyclic ring and use thereof. The compound according to the present invention can be effectively used in the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by PRMT5 by acting as a PRMT5 inhibitor.

Abstract: A method of driving a pixel including: during a first period of a first frame, applying a first scan signal having a turn-on level to the first scan line, applying a data voltage to a data line, and applying a second scan signal having the turn-on level to the second scan line; and during a second period of a second frame, applying the first scan signal having the turn-on level to the first scan line, applying a bias voltage to the data line, and applying the second scan signal having a turn-off level to the second scan line, the second frame is a frame subsequent to the first frame, the second period is longer than the first period, and a light-emitting diode emits light at luminance based on the data voltage during at least a portion of the first frame and at least a portion of the second frame.

Abstract: A chuck is provided. The chuck comprises a plurality of lands protruding from a surface of the chuck, the lands defining a series of zones; and a trenched recessed from the surface of the chuck in at least one of the zones.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a display driving device and a display device including the same. The display driving device includes a source driving circuit configured to convert image data of respective channels into source signals; a polarity control circuit configured to receive polarity data for the respective channels, and generate a polarity control signal for controlling polarities of the source signals depending on a logic combination of the polarity data; and a multiplexer circuit configured to output the source signals to data lines in response to the polarity control signal.

Abstract: A display device includes a display unit. The display unit includes a first display area and a second display area. A first scan line, a first power line, and first pixels connected to the first scan line and the first power line are in the first display area. A second scan line, a second power line, and second pixels connected to the second scan line and the second power line are in the second display area. A scan driver is configured to sequentially provide a scan signal to the first scan line and the second scan line. A power supply is configured to provide a power source voltage that is varied independently to the first power line and the second power line.

Abstract: A device-to-device (D2D) communication method is provided. According to an inventive concept, the method comprises, storing, by a first device, first authentication data including a hash chain, which is a sequential concatenation of hash values, and storing, by a second device, second authentication data including an initial hash value of the hash chain, transmitting, by the first device, a final hash value of the hash chain to the second device, determining, by the second device, whether authentication between the first and second devices has succeeded by repeatedly hashing the initial hash value stored in the second device until a hash value identical to the final hash value is returned, and if a determination is made that authentication between the first and second devices has succeeded, performing, by the first and second devices, a connection establishment process for establishing a connection between the first and second devices.

Abstract: A method of driving a pixel including: during a first period of a first frame, applying a first scan signal having a turn-on level to the first scan line, applying a data voltage to a data line, and applying a second scan signal having the turn-on level to the second scan line; and during a second period of a second frame, applying the first scan signal having the turn-on level to the first scan line, applying a bias voltage to the data line, and applying the second scan signal having a turn-off level to the second scan line, the second frame is a frame subsequent to the first frame, the second period is longer than the first period, and a light-emitting diode emits light at luminance based on the data voltage during at least a portion of the first frame and at least a portion of the second frame.

Abstract: A flicker quantification system includes a display device driven in units of reference periods having a first frame for writing data and at least one second frame for holding data. A luminance measurer generates luminance data by measuring a luminance of a display during the reference period. A voltage measurer measures a voltage of a photo sensor corresponding to light emitted. First voltage data representing an accumulation amount of voltage during the first frame and second voltage data representing an accumulation amount of voltage during the at least one second frame is generated. A processor calculates a flicker index value representing a ratio of a measured luminance difference to a just noticeable difference, based on the luminance data, the first voltage data, and the second voltage data. The measured luminance difference may represent the difference between a luminance during the first frame and a luminance during the second frame.

Abstract: A pixel includes: a first transistor configured to generate a driving current corresponding to a data signal transmitted from a corresponding data line; a first light emitting diode (LED) including a cathode connected to a first power supply line and an anode connected to a second power supply line, and configured to emit light by the driving current; a second light emitting diode (LED) including a cathode connected to the second power supply line and an anode connected to the first power supply line, and configured to emit light by the driving current; a second transistor connected to the anode of the first light emitting diode (LED), and configured to transmit the driving current to the first light emitting diode (LED); and a third transistor connected to the anode of the second light emitting diode (LED), and configured to transmit the driving current to the second light emitting diode (LED.

Abstract: A pixel includes: a first transistor configured generate a driving current corresponding to a data signal transmitted from a corresponding data line; a first light emitting diode (LED) including a cathode connected to a first power supply line and an anode connected to a second power supply line, and configured to emit light by the driving current; a second light emitting diode (LED) including a cathode connected to the second power supply line and an anode connected to the first power supply line, and configured to emit light by the driving current; a second transistor connected to the anode of the first light emitting diode (LED), and configured to transmit the driving current to the first light emitting diode (LED); and a third transistor connected to the anode of the second light emitting diode (LED), and configured to transmit the driving current to the second light emitting diode (LED.

Abstract: A flicker quantification system includes a display device driven in units of reference periods having a first frame for writing data and at least one second frame for holding data. A luminance measurer generates luminance data by measuring a luminance of a display during the reference period. A voltage measurer measures a voltage of a photo sensor corresponding to light emitted. First voltage data representing an accumulation amount of voltage during the first frame and second voltage data representing an accumulation amount of voltage during the at least one second frame is generated. A processor calculates a flicker index value representing a ratio of a measured luminance difference to a just noticeable difference, based on the luminance data, the first voltage data, and the second voltage data. The measured luminance difference may represent the difference between a luminance during the first frame and a luminance during the second frame.

Abstract: Disclosed is a static random access memory including an assist circuit. More particularly, a static random access memory according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a bit cell part including at least one bit cell connected between a first ground voltage node and a second ground voltage node; and a controller including a first transistor configured to control connection between the first ground voltage node and the second ground voltage node, a second transistor configured to float a first ground voltage of the first ground voltage node, and a third transistor configured to float a second ground voltage of the second ground voltage node, wherein the controller controls the first and second ground voltages supplied to the bit cell part using the first, second, and third transistors.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a display driving device and a display device including the same. The display driving device includes a source driving circuit configured to convert image data of respective channels into source signals; a polarity control circuit configured to receive polarity data for the respective channels, and generate a polarity control signal for controlling polarities of the source signals depending on a logic combination of the polarity data; and a multiplexer circuit configured to output the source signals to data lines in response to the polarity control signal.

Abstract: A driving device includes: an output unit configured to supply a first voltage, or a second voltage lower than the first voltage, to an output terminal in response to a voltage of a first node and a voltage of a second node; a first driver configured to control the voltage of the second node in response to a signal of a first input terminal and a signal of a second input terminal; a second driver configured to control the voltage of the first node in response to a voltage of a third input terminal and the voltage of the second node; and a first transistor configured to apply a third voltage lower than the first voltage to the first node or the second node.

Abstract: A system and method of imprinting a formable material on a substrate includes a feature with a template. The substrate is initially held with a first back pressure. After which the template is brought into contact with the formable material. A template strain tensor above the feature may be greater than a strain threshold. The substrate is then held with a second back pressure less than the first back pressure, after which the substrate strain below the feature increases. After which the formable material is solidified.

Abstract: A message server and a message processing apparatus including the same are provided. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, when the device management module is not available to be used, a message is directly delivered to the application client through the third party message server so that the reliability of the message forwarded between a sender side and a receiver side can be ensured.

Abstract: A display device includes a first pixel including a first light emitting diode (“LED”) and a second LED having a color different from that of the first LED, a second pixel including a third LED having a same color as that of the first LED, a third pixel including a fourth LED having a same color as that of the first LED, and a color filter layer including a first color filter located on the first pixel, a second color filter that has a color different from a color of the first color filter and is located on the second pixel, and a third color filter that has a color different from the colors of the first and second color filters and is located on the third pixel.