Abstract: Preparation of 2,5,6-trihydroxy-3-hexenoic acid and 2,5-dihydroxy-3-pentenoic acid and esters thereof from C6 and C5 sugars in the presence of a Lewis Acid material, wherein the yield of the 2,5,6-trihydroxy-3-hexenoic acid or 2,5-dihydroxy-3-pentenoic acid or esters thereof exceeds 15%.

Abstract: In accordance with at least one embodiment of the disclosure, a method of patterning platinum on a substrate is disclosed. In an embodiment, an adhesive layer is deposited over the substrate, a sacrificial layer is deposited over the adhesive layer, and a patterned photoresist layer is formed over the sacrificial layer. Then, the sacrificial layer is patterned utilizing the photoresist layer as a mask such that at least a portion of the adhesive layer is exposed. Subsequently, the top and sidewall surfaces of the patterned sacrificial layer and the first portion of the adhesive layer are covered by a platinum layer. Finally, the sacrificial layer and a portion of the platinum layer covering the top and sidewall surfaces of the sacrificial layer are etched, thereby leaving a remaining portion of the platinum layer to form a patterned platinum layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A multi-walled pipe and a method for its manufacture involves a steel sheet forming a steel source layer to which a nickel source layer is applied on at least one or both sides. A solder source layer is applied to the one nickel source layer, or one of the two, or both, nickel source layers. The multi-walled pipe is formed from a strip of the coated metal sheet by rolling. The walls of the pipe are soldered by heating. In one form, the heating takes place by radiation. In another, it takes place by induction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for doping semiconductor substrates by means of a co-diffusion process. First, semiconductor substrates are coated at least on one side with a layer containing at least one first dopant. Two of said substrates in each case are arranged in a process chamber in such a way that two of the coated sides thereof are brought in direct contact.

Abstract: A microelectronic device is formed by forming a platinum-containing layer on a substrate of the microelectronic device. A cap layer is formed on the platinum-containing layer so that an interface between the cap layer and the platinum-containing layer is free of platinum oxide. The cap layer is etchable in an etch solution which also etches the platinum-containing layer. The cap layer may be formed on the platinum-containing layer before platinum oxide forms on the platinum-containing layer. Alternatively, platinum oxide on the platinum-containing layer may be removed before forming the cap layer. The platinum-containing layer may be used to form platinum silicide. The platinum-containing layer may be patterned by forming a hard mask or masking platinum oxide on a portion of the top surface of the platinum-containing layer to block the wet etchant.

Abstract: In accordance with at least one embodiment of the disclosure, a method of patterning platinum on a substrate is disclosed. In an embodiment, an adhesive layer is deposited over the substrate, a sacrificial layer is deposited over the adhesive layer, and a patterned photoresist layer is formed over the sacrificial layer. Then, the sacrificial layer is patterned utilizing the photoresist layer as a mask such that at least a portion of the adhesive layer is exposed. Subsequently, the top and sidewall surfaces of the patterned sacrificial layer and the first portion of the adhesive layer are covered by a platinum layer. Finally, the sacrificial layer and a portion of the platinum layer covering the top and sidewall surfaces of the sacrificial layer are etched, thereby leaving a remaining portion of the platinum layer to form a patterned platinum layer on the substrate.

Abstract: Preparation of 2, 5, 6-trihydroxy-3-hexenoic acid and 2,5-dihydroxy-3-pentenoic acid and esters thereof from C6 and C5 sugars in the presence of a Lewis Acid material, wherein the yield of the 2,5,6-trihydroxy-3-hexenoic acid or 2,5-dihydroxy-3-pentenoic acid or esters thereof exceeds 15%.

Abstract: A multi-walled pipe and a method for its manufacture involves a steel sheet forming a steel source layer to which a nickel source layer is applied on at least one or both sides. A solder source layer is applied to the one nickel source layer, or one of the two, or both, nickel source layers. The multi-walled pipe is formed from a strip of the coated metal sheet, by means of rolling. The walls of the pipe are soldered by means of heating. In one form, the heating takes place by radiation. In another, it takes place by induction.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes a substrate, a first electrode arranged on the substrate, and a functional organic layer arranged on the first electrode. The functional organic layer is adapted to emit electromagnetic radiation A second electrode is arranged on the functional organic layer. The functional organic layer includes a matrix material and an emitter material. The emitter material is neutral or ionically charged. The emitter material is selected from the group of ionic transition metal complex, neutral transition metal complex, polymer emitter and combinations thereof, wherein the matrix material comprises at least one ionic charge carrier transporting material, wherein the ionic charge carrier transporting material is selected from the group of electron-transporting material, hole-transporting material, ambipolar-transporting material and combinations thereof, and wherein the at least one ionic charge carrier transporting material is ionically charged.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes a substrate, a first electrode arranged on the substrate, and a functional organic layer arranged on the first electrode. The functional organic layer emits electromagnetic radiation. A second electrode is arranged on the functional organic layer. The functional organic layer includes at least one ionic component and one emitter material having a band gap. The emitter material is selected from the group of ionic transition metal complex, neutral transition metal complex, polymer emitter and combinations thereof. The organic electro-luminescent device is adapted to work in two modes, wherein a pre-biasing mode comprises applying a first voltage being a constant or pulsed value less than and/or equal to the band gap to the first and the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooled turbine blade for a gas-turbine engine having at least one cooling duct (14) extending radially, relative to a rotary axis of the gas-turbine engine, inside the airfoil and air-supply ducts (12) issuing into said cooling duct, characterized in that the cooling duct (14) extends into the blade root (6) in order to generate close to the wall a cooling airflow moved at high circumferential velocity and radially in helical form and that in the area of the blade root (6) at least one nozzle-shaped air-supply duct (12) issues into the cooling duct (14) tangentially or with a tangential velocity component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooled turbine blade for a gas-turbine engine having at least one cooling duct (14) extending radially, relative to a rotary axis of the gas-turbine engine, inside the airfoil and air-supply ducts (12) issuing into said cooling duct, characterized in that the cooling duct (14) extends into the blade root (6) in order to generate close to the wall a cooling airflow moved at high circumferential velocity and radially in helical form and that in the area of the blade root (6) at least one nozzle-shaped air-supply duct (12) issues into the cooling duct (14) tangentially or with a tangential velocity component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method for the identification and optionally the characterisation of interacting molecules designed to detect positive clones from the rather large numbers of false positive clones isolated by conventional two-hybrid systems. The method of the invention relies on a novel combination of selection steps used to detect clones that express interacting molecules from false positive clones. The present invention provides for high-throughput interaction screens for the reliable identification of interacting molecules, which in turn can lead to the identification of substances inhibiting said interactions. Such inhibitors can find their use in the formulation of a pharmaceutical composition. The present invention further relates to kits useful for carrying out the method of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method for the identification and optionally the characterization of interacting molecules designed to detect positive clones from the rather large numbers of false positive clones isolated by two-hybrid systems. The method of the invention relies on a novel combination of selection steps used to detect clones that express interacting molecules from false positive clones. The present invention further relates to a kit useful for carrying out the method of the invention. The present invention provides for parallel, high-throughput or automated interaction screens for the reliable identification of interacting molecules.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention is the synthesis of a binary method that combines variegated antibody display libraries, e.g., in a “display mode”, with soluble secreted antibody libraries, e.g., in a “secretion mode”, to yield a method for the efficient isolation of antibodies having a desired biological activity.