Abstract: In a liquid medicine injecting system, an open route is formed in which a liquid medicine flows from a container that contains the liquid medicine to a blood vessel of a biological body via a micro-pump, a flow volume sensor, and a tube. A back pressure from the biological body directly operates against the micro-pump via the open route. When the flow volume of the liquid medicine is constant, power of the micro-pump has a constant relationship with the back pressure. The flow volume of the liquid medicine is adjusted to be a target volume by controlling the power of the micro-pump, and the power of the micro-motor is monitored. An abnormal injecting state of the liquid medicine caused by such as pulling out of an injection needle from the biological body is immediately detected with high accuracy based on the monitored result of the power of the micro-pump.

Abstract: A method for driving an optical deflecting device array is disclosed, including in a series of processes for the light deflection operation, at least, a state of a first stage writing and recording data for indicating an inclination direction of the plate member to incline in a first inclination direction or a second inclination direction, into a semiconductor memory device arranged immediately under or adjacent to each of the plurality of optical deflecting devices; a state of a second stage switching the inclination direction of the plate member of the arbitrary optical deflecting device to the first inclination direction based on an indication of the data, and deflecting light; and a state of a third stage switching the inclination direction of the plate member of the arbitrary optical deflecting device to the second inclination direction based on the indication of the data, and deflecting light.

Abstract: A disclosed flow rate control apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate partially bonded to the first substrate, and a piezoelectric material. The first substrate includes a separation section separating first and second flow paths in the first substrate, the piezoelectric material is adhered to an upper surface of the second substrate above the separation section, and the first substrate is not bonded to the second substrate near the separation section.

Abstract: An optical deflecting device including a mirror member having a light reflective area. The optical deflecting device includes a plurality of electrodes that are formed on a substrate, a fulcrum member that functions as an electrode and a regulation member. The range of movement to a respect direction of the substrate is regulated by the regulation member, which includes a conductive material at least in the surface thereof.

Abstract: A polyamic acid composition, containing polyamic acid and polyaniline particles, with reduced fluctuation of properties after production; a preparation method for the same; a polyimide resin having reduced fluctuation of resistance properties, superior mechanical properties and superior surface smoothness; a semiconductive member, and an image-forming apparatus having the semiconductive member as a belt. A polyamic acid composition, including a polyamic acid, polyaniline particles having a fibrous region with an aspect ratio of between approximately 1 to approximately 100 or less, a dopant, and a solvent.

Abstract: An actuator is disclosed that has a contacting part smaller than a processing limit of a lithography technique, and is able to reduce a contacting area or a contacting length of the contacting part during operation, reduce a sticking force induced by contact, and decrease a driving voltage of the actuator. The actuator includes an operating part and a contacting part in contact with the operating part. The contacting part is formed by overlapping a first pattern on an end of a second pattern. The first pattern has a solid structure and the size of an upper portion of the solid structure of the first pattern on the second pattern is less than a processing resolving power or resolution.

Abstract: Method of deflecting light includes the steps of providing a substrate and forming a supporting member on the substrate. Next forming step forms electrodes at predetermined positions on the substrate. Next forming step forms a plate-like-shaped thin film member including light reflecting means. Placing step places the plate-like-shaped thin film member on the supporting member so that an opposite surface thereof faces the electrodes. Forming step forms space regulating members on edges of the substrate for regulating a space formed above the substrate in which the plate-like-shaped thin film member is freely movable. Applying step applies predetermined voltages to the electrodes to change a tilt direction of the plate-like-shaped thin film member in accordance with the voltages applied to deflect the input light in an arbitrary direction.

Abstract: A light deflector includes a substrate; a plurality of control members provided at edge parts of the substrate, the control members having upper parts where stoppers are situated; a fulcrum member provided on an upper surface of the substrate, the fulcrum member having a top part; a plate-shaped member movably provided in a space formed by the substrate, the fulcrum member and the stopper, the plate-shaped member having a light reflection area, no fixed end, and a conductive layer; and a plurality of electrodes provided on the substrate, the electrodes facing the conductive layer of the plate-shaped member.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus including: an image holding member; a charging device that charges the image holding member; an electrostatic latent image-forming device that exposes a surface of the charged image holding member to light to form an electrostatic latent image; a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the image holding member with toner into a toner image; an intermediate transfer body to which the toner image formed on the image holding member is transferred; a primary transfer device that transfers the toner image formed on the image holding member onto the intermediate transfer body; and a secondary transfer device that transfers the toner image transferred on the intermediate transfer body onto a recording medium, the intermediate transfer body including a resin layer containing polyaniline particles, and the 50 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the toner being at least twice as large as the 50 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the poly

Abstract: Method of deflecting light includes the steps of providing a substrate and forming a supporting member on the substrate. Next forming step forms electrodes at predetermined positions on the substrate. Next forming step forms a plate-like-shaped thin film member including light reflecting means. Placing step places the plate-like-shaped thin film member on the supporting member so that an opposite surface thereof faces the electrodes. Forming step forms space regulating members on edges of the substrate for regulating a space formed above the substrate in which the plate-like-shaped thin film member is freely movable. Applying step applies predetermined voltages to the electrodes to change a tilt direction of the plate-like-shaped thin film member in accordance with the voltages applied to deflect the input light in an arbitrary direction.

Abstract: Method of deflecting light includes the steps of providing a substrate and forming a supporting member on the substrate. Next forming step forms electrodes at predetermined positions on the substrate. Next forming step forms a plate-like-shaped thin film member including light reflecting means. Placing step places the plate-like-shaped thin film member on the supporting member so that an opposite surface thereof faces the electrodes. Forming step forms space regulating members on edges of the substrate for regulating a space formed above the substrate in which the plate-like-shaped thin film member is freely movable. Applying step applies predetermined voltages to the electrodes to change a tilt direction of the plate-like-shaped thin film member in accordance with the voltages applied to deflect the input light in an arbitrary direction.

Abstract: An optical deflecting device includes a plate-like member having a light reflective area and a conductor layer. The plate-like member rotates with substantially the middle portion thereof made a fulcrum to change an inclination direction thereof and thereby a reflection direction of a light flux incident to the light reflective area is changed. A first electrode group and a second electrode group are arranged so as to oppose the conductor layer of the plate-like member, respectively, and to sandwich a position corresponding to a position of the fulcrum of the plate-like member. Each electrode group includes a control electrode controlling starting of the plate-like member and a drive electrode driving the plate-like member.

Abstract: A light deflecting apparatus deflecting input light in directions for at least one deflection-axis includes a plate-like-shaped member configured to reflect input light, a substrate above which the plate-like-shaped member is placed with no fixed portion relative to the substrate, a supporting member serving as a fulcrum for the plate-like-shaped member to tilt, a plurality of space regulating members configured to regulate a space in which the plate-like-shaped member placed on the supporting member above the substrate is freely movable, and a plurality of electrodes arranged around the supporting member on the substrate and facing a bottom surface of the plate-like-shaped member.

Abstract: A method for driving an optical deflecting device array is disclosed, including in a series of processes for the light deflection operation, at least, a state of a first stage writing and recording data for indicating an inclination direction of the plate member to incline in a first inclination direction or a second inclination direction, into a semiconductor memory device arranged immediately under or adjacent to each of the plurality of optical deflecting devices; a state of a second stage switching the inclination direction of the plate member of the arbitrary optical deflecting device to the first inclination direction based on an indication of the data, and deflecting light; and a state of a third stage switching the inclination direction of the plate member of the arbitrary optical deflecting device to the second inclination direction based on the indication of the data, and deflecting light.

Abstract: An optical deflecting device including a mirror member having a light reflective area. The optical deflecting device includes a plurality of electrodes that are formed on a substrate, a fulcrum member that functions as an electrode and a regulation member. The range of movement to a respect direction of the substrate is regulated by the regulation member, which includes a conductive material at least in the surface thereof.

Abstract: A light deflector can be driven by a low voltage by reducing contact area with a plate shape member and other members. The light deflector can be driven by a low voltage by reducing a contact area with a plate shape member and other members. More particularly, a frictional force and fixing strength are reduced at a contact area with a control member deployed around a plate shape member and the plate shape member. The fixing strength is reduced at a contact area with a fulcrum member and the plate shape member. Also, the fixing strength is reduced at a contact area with a substrate (or an insulation layer on a substrate) and the plate shape member.

Abstract: A method for driving an optical deflecting device array is disclosed, including in a series of processes for the light deflection operation, at least, a state of a first stage writing and recording data for indicating an inclination direction of the plate member to incline in a first inclination direction or a second inclination direction, into a semiconductor memory device arranged immediately under or adjacent to each of the plurality of optical deflecting devices; a state of a second stage switching the inclination direction of the plate member of the arbitrary optical deflecting device to the first inclination direction based on an indication of the data, and deflecting light; and a state of a third stage switching the inclination direction of the plate member of the arbitrary optical deflecting device to the second inclination direction based on the indication of the data, and deflecting light.

Abstract: A method for driving a light deflector the method includes turning over a direction of an electric field acting on the plate shape member, in an optional period. In the method, the light deflector deflects a beam incident on a light reflection area by displacing a plate shape member having the light reflection area with an electrostatic force. The light deflector includes a substrate, a plurality of control members, a fulcrum member, the plate shape member, and a plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: A light deflecting apparatus deflecting input light in directions for at least one deflection-axis includes a plate-like-shaped member configured to reflect input light, a substrate above which the plate-like-shaped member is placed with no fixed portion relative to the substrate, a supporting member serving as a fulcrum for the plate-like-shaped member to tilt, a plurality of space regulating members configured to regulate a space in which the plate-like-shaped member placed on the supporting member above the substrate is freely movable, and a plurality of electrodes arranged around the supporting member on the substrate and facing a bottom surface of the plate-like-shaped member.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus including: an image holding member; a charging device that charges the image holding member; an electrostatic latent image-forming device that exposes a surface of the charged image holding member to light to form an electrostatic latent image; a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the image holding member with toner into a toner image; an intermediate transfer body to which the toner image formed on the image holding member is transferred; a primary transfer device that transfers the toner image formed on the image holding member onto the intermediate transfer body; and a secondary transfer device that transfers the toner image transferred on the intermediate transfer body onto a recording medium, the intermediate transfer body including a resin layer containing polyaniline particles, and the 50 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the toner being at least twice as large as the 50 the percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the