Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal-combustion engine includes an air-fuel-ratio sensor, a control-input calculator, an air-fuel-ratio controller, and a gain calculator. The air-fuel-ratio sensor is disposed in an exhaust channel in the internal-combustion engine and is configured to detect an air-fuel ratio in exhaust gas. The control-input calculator is configured to calculate a control input in accordance with an output value of the air-fuel-ratio sensor. The air-fuel-ratio controller is configured to perform a feedback control using the control input such that the output value of the air-fuel-ratio sensor reaches a target value. The gain calculator is configured to calculate a gain in accordance with the output value when the output value is leaner than the target value. The gain is to be used in calculating the control input.

Abstract: An elevator rope sway detection method and a detection device using the same capable of detecting an elevator rope sway, generated by a building shake caused by an earthquake or strong wind, with high accuracy by preventing incorrect detections in detecting the elevator rope sway. A rope detector including a rope sway detector sends detection information detected by the rope detector to a rope determiner. A rope sway determination mechanism includes a detection signal memorization unit, a detection signal calculation unit, and a rope sway determination unit to determine that a rope sway occurs if the detection information sent from the rope detector fulfills a predetermined condition. A result determined by the rope sway determination unit is sent to an elevator controller, which performs an operation corresponding to the determined result.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control apparatus includes an air-fuel ratio detector, an oscillation signal generator, an air-fuel ratio oscillation device, a sum/difference frequency component intensity calculator, a decision parameter calculator, and an imbalance failure determination device. The sum/difference frequency component intensity calculator is configured to calculate, while the air-fuel ratio oscillation device is in operation, at least one of a component intensity of a difference frequency and a component intensity of a sum frequency. The decision parameter calculator is configured to calculate, according to at least one of the component intensity of the difference frequency and the component intensity of the sum frequency, a decision parameter to determine a degree of imbalance of an air-fuel ratio. The imbalance failure determination device is configured to determine an imbalance failure in which the degree of imbalance of the air-fuel ratio exceeds an allowable limit using the decision parameter.

Abstract: An oscillation signal is generated to oscillate the air-fuel ratio with a set frequency which is different from a 0.5th-order frequency (half of the frequency corresponding to a rotational speed of the engine). Air-fuel ratio perturbation control is performed to oscillate the air-fuel ratio according to the oscillation signal. An intensity of the 0.5th-order frequency component and the set frequency component contained in the detected air-fuel ratio signal are calculated. A determination parameter applied to determining an imbalance degree of air-fuel ratios corresponding to the plurality of cylinders is calculated according to the two intensities and determines an imbalance failure that the imbalance degree of the air-fuel ratios exceeds an acceptable limit. A predicted imbalance value, indicative of a predicted value of the imbalance degree, is calculated, and an amplitude of the oscillation signal is set according to the predicted imbalance value.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio of an internal-combustion engine includes an air-fuel ratio detector, a fluctuation signal generating device, an air-fuel ratio fluctuation device, a 0.5th-order frequency component strength calculator, a fluctuation frequency component strength calculator, a reference component strength calculator, and an imbalance fault determining device. The reference component strength calculator is configured to calculate strength of a reference component in accordance with strength of a first frequency component and strength of a second frequency component. The imbalance fault determining device is configured to make a determination of an imbalance fault in which air-fuel ratios of a plurality of cylinders vary beyond a tolerance limit on a basis of a relative relationship between strength of the 0.5th-order frequency component and the strength of the reference component.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control system for an internal combustion engine has a perturbation control which oscillates the air-fuel ratio with a first frequency. A first difference signal is generated indicative of a difference between a present value and a first past value from an air-fuel ratio sensor detected at a timing of a first specific period which is set to reduce a specific frequency component corresponding to a specific frequency different from the first frequency. A first frequency component is extracted. A second difference signal is generated indicative of a difference between a present value and a second past value detected at a timing of a second specific period which is set to reduce the first frequency component. The specific frequency component is extracted. A failure of the control system is determined by a relationship between intensities of the first frequency component and the specific frequency component.

Abstract: An abnormality determining apparatus includes an air-fuel ratio controller, an output change period parameter calculator, an output change amount extremum calculator, and an abnormality determining device. The abnormality determining device is configured to determine an abnormality of an air-fuel ratio sensor based on a relationship between an output change period parameter and an output change amount extremum.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus comprises a reaction chamber which is to accommodate stacked substrates, a gas introducing portion, and a buffer chamber, wherein the gas introducing portion is provided along a stacking direction of the substrates, and introduces substrate processing gas into the buffer chamber, the buffer chamber includes a plurality of gas-supply openings provided along the stacking direction of the substrates, and the processing gas introduced from the gas introducing portion is supplied from the gas-supply openings to the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A plant controller includes a feedback controller configured to calculate a control input provided to a plant so that a control output of the plant matches a target value. The feedback controller includes a controller transfer function that is a transfer function of the feedback controller. The controller transfer function is expressed by a product of an inverse transfer function of a transfer function of a control target model obtained by modeling the plant and a disturbance sensitivity correlation function defined using a sensitivity function. The sensitivity function indicates sensitivity of a disturbance to be applied to the plant with respect to the control output. The sensitivity function is defined by using a response characteristic parameter that indicates a response characteristic of the plant.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes an air-fuel ratio sensor having an output characteristic which is nonlinear with respect to the air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas. An output deviation converter is configured to convert an output deviation to a first predetermined value if an output value of the air-fuel ratio sensor is on a richer side of a predetermined target value and to a second predetermined value if the output value is on a leaner side of the target value. A control input calculator is configured to calculate a control input to feedback-control the output value of the air-fuel ratio sensor such that the output deviation converted by the output deviation converter is to be zero. An air-fuel ratio controller is configured to control the air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas using the control input calculated by the control input calculator.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control system for an internal combustion engine, which, at the resumption of air-fuel ratio feedback control, is capable of setting the initial value of an integral term of the feedback control to a value properly learned in preceding feedback control, thereby enabling improvement of control accuracy. To feedback-control the output value of an O2 sensor to a target value, a target air-fuel ratio is calculated. During the feedback control, when it is determined that a predetermined condition in which it is estimated that exhaust gas air-fuel ratio upstream of the catalyst is excellently reflected on an exhaust gas air-fuel ratio at a location midway or downstream of the catalyst is satisfied, an adaptive law input calculated immediately before interruption of the feedback control is updated and stored as the initial value of an integral term for the following execution of the feedback control.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal-combustion engine includes an air-fuel-ratio sensor, a control-input calculator, an air-fuel-ratio controller, and a gain calculator. The air-fuel-ratio sensor is disposed in an exhaust channel in the internal-combustion engine and is configured to detect an air-fuel ratio in exhaust gas. The control-input calculator is configured to calculate a control input in accordance with an output value of the air-fuel-ratio sensor. The air-fuel-ratio controller is configured to perform a feedback control using the control input such that the output value of the air-fuel-ratio sensor reaches a target value. The gain calculator is configured to calculate a gain in accordance with the output value when the output value is leaner than the target value. The gain is to be used in calculating the control input.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus comprises a reaction chamber which is to accommodate stacked substrates, a gas introducing portion, and a buffer chamber, wherein the gas introducing portion is provided along a stacking direction of the substrates, and introduces substrate processing gas into the buffer chamber, the buffer chamber includes a plurality of gas-supply openings provided along the stacking direction of the substrates, and the processing gas introduced from the gas introducing portion is supplied from the gas-supply openings to the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A phase adjustment circuit includes first to nth two-phase adjustment circuits. Each two-phase adjustment circuit includes a first logic circuit for performing logical sum of two input signals, a second logic circuit for performing logical product of the two input signals, a first delay circuit having a signal delay equal to that of the second logic circuit and configured to delay a signal output from the first logic circuit, and a second delay circuit having a signal delay equal to that of the first logic circuit and configured to delay a signal output from the second logic circuit. Two signals output from two of the two-phase adjustment circuits in a certain stage are input into one of the two-phase adjustment circuits in the next stage.

Abstract: A multi-phase oscillator includes a plurality of ring oscillators (21) each having a plurality of output ports and each formed by connecting an odd number of inverters (20) in a ring, and a plurality of resistance elements (30) coupling the output ports between the plurality of ring oscillators (21) so that all of the plurality of ring oscillators (21) operate at an identical frequency while keeping a desired phase relationship. The number of the ring oscillators (21) is not limited to an odd number but may be an even number. The multi-phase oscillator changes the state of a succeeding node of a phase coupling to accord with the state of a preceding node of the phase coupling by using the resistance elements (30) as phase coupling devices. If resistors are used as the resistance elements (30), the phase output accuracy greatly improves and high frequency oscillation is possible.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus comprises a reaction chamber which is to accommodate stacked substrates, a gas introducing portion, and a buffer chamber, wherein the gas introducing portion is provided along a stacking direction of the substrates, and introduces substrate processing gas into the buffer chamber, the buffer chamber includes a plurality of gas-supply openings provided along the stacking direction of the substrates, and the processing gas introduced from the gas introducing portion is supplied from the gas-supply openings to the reaction chamber.

Abstract: In a voltage controlled oscillation circuit including a cascade connection of a voltage-to-current conversion circuit (310) for generating an input voltage converted current which is a current corresponding to an input voltage and a current controlled oscillation circuit (120) of which an oscillation frequency varies according to the input voltage converted current, the voltage-to-current conversion circuit (310) includes a first current source for outputting a current in proportion to the input voltage and a plurality of second current sources for outputting a current in proportion to a voltage obtained by shifting the input voltage. Then, a current obtained by adding a current output from the first current source and currents output from the plurality of current sources is output as the input voltage converted current to the current controlled oscillation circuit (120).

Abstract: A curtain airbag bracket mounts a curtain airbag having an attachment piece provided in an edge portion of the curtain airbag to a vehicle body. The curtain airbag bracket includes a vehicle body attaching portion for attaching the curtain airbag bracket to the vehicle body, and an airbag mounting portion for mounting the attachment piece. The airbag mounting portion has a bent portion or a curved portion extending from the vehicle body attaching portion toward an inside of the vehicle body.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus comprises a reaction chamber which is to accommodate stacked substrates, a gas introducing portion, and a buffer chamber, wherein the gas introducing portion is provided along a stacking direction of the substrates, and introduces substrate processing gas into the buffer chamber, the buffer chamber includes a plurality of gas-supply openings provided along the stacking direction of the substrates, and the processing gas introduced from the gas introducing portion is supplied from the gas-supply openings to the reaction chamber.

Abstract: In a control operation performed at time of an earthquake or strong wind, when a running elevator is stopped at a nearest floor, the natural frequency of the transverse vibration of a rope is prevented from resonating with the natural frequency of the building, and thereby an increase in transverse vibration of the rope is restrained. In the control operation, when a shake of the building caused by earthquake or strong wind is detected, a running elevator is stopped at the nearest floor, or an elevator passing through an express zone is stopped emergently and runs at a low speed to the nearest floor, the natural frequency of the transverse vibration of the rope is compared with the natural frequency of the building, and the car stop position is selected at a non-resonance position to prevent the natural frequency of the transverse vibration of the rope from resonating with the natural frequency of the building.