Abstract: An optical demultiplexing apparatus and method for multi-carrier distribution are provided. The optical demultiplexing apparatus may include a demultiplexer and a carrier distributor. The optical demultiplexing apparatus and method allow efficient demultiplexing of a multi-carrier light source by using a single demultiplexer even when a carrier spacing of the light source varies.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting a control signal in a radio-over-fiber (RoF)-based mobile fronthaul includes: a data channel transmitter configured to generate a data signal at a preassigned frequency or wavelength; a control channel transmitter configured to generate a control signal at a designated frequency or wavelength that is shared with other apparatuses; and a combiner configured to combine the data signal with the control signal.

Abstract: An optical fiber cable of a mobile fronthaul system based on a radio over fiber (RoF), which includes a control apparatus for monitoring an analog optical link according to an exemplary embodiment, may be monitored. The monitoring control apparatus may include an optical signal monitor to monitor an optical signal passing through an optical fiber cable, and a system controller to control the optical signal based on a result of the monitoring. The optical signal monitor may calculate an average optical power, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), and a size of a nonlinear component from an electrical signal, which has been acquired from the optical signal. Then, the optical signal monitor may control the calculated average optical power, CNR, and nonlinear component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a curved display device that may include a display panel having a curvature between a top frame and a bottom frame; a printed circuit board (PCB) electrically connected to at least one edge portion of the display panel where driving circuits and signal lines are provided through a connector; and a reinforcing frame that supports a rear surface of the bottom frame, the reinforcing frame including a reinforcing bar substantially following the curvature of the display panel, wherein the reinforcing bar has a step to include first and second rear surfaces, with the first rear surface being closer to the display panel than the second rear surface, and wherein the PCB is mounted on the first rear surface of the reinforcing bar.

Abstract: A polarization control device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include a first polarization converter for converting a polarization angle of an input optical signal in response to first control voltages, a second polarization converter for converting a polarization angle of an input optical signal in response to second control voltages, and a third polarization converter for converting an optical signal received from the first polarization converter or the second polarization converter into a first output optical signal having a linear polarization state and outputting the first output optical signal.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus includes: a transmission light source configured to generate single-mode light of a specific wavelength; a power coupler configured to split the light generated by the transmission light source into a plurality of light sections; at least one modulator configured to modulate an electrical signal carrying different data into at least one optical signal using the light section from the power coupler; and a mode multiplexer configured to convert the modulated optical signal into a different mode, and to transmit the mode-converted optical signal to a fiber.

Abstract: Provided herein are microfluidic devices that can be used as a 3D bioassay, e.g., for drug screening, personalized medicine, tissue engineering, wound healing, and other applications. The device has a series of channels {e.g., small fluid channels) in a small polymer block wherein one or more of the channels can be filled with a biologically relevant gel, such as collagen, which is held in place by posts. As shown herein, when the device is plated with cells such as endothelial cells, new blood vessels grow in the gel, which is thick enough for the cells to grow in three dimensions. Other channels, e.g., fluid channels, allow drugs or biological material to be exposed to the 3D cell growth. Cells, such as endothelial cells, can be cultured and observed as they grow on the surface of a 3D gel scaffold, where e.g., rates of angiogenesis can be measured, as well as intervascularization and extravascularization of cancerous cells.

Abstract: A microfluidic circuit element comprising a microfluidic main channel and nano interstices is disclosed. The nano interstices are formed at both sides of the main channel and are in fluid communication with the main channel. The nano interstices have a height less than that of the main channel, gives more driving force of the microfluidic channel and provides stable flow of a fluid. The microfluidic circuit element may be made from a plastic material having a contact angle of 90 degrees or less. The microfluidic circuit element is particularly useful when filling a liquid sample to the channel which is empty or filled with air and shows greatly improved a storage stability.

Abstract: Provided are a multi-channel fluorescence detecting module and a nucleic acid analysis system including the multi-channel fluorescence detecting module. The nucleic acid analysis system includes: a plurality of loaders configured to accommodate a plurality of cartridges respectively, the cartridges comprising microfluidic devices; a transfer module including a linear actuator, the linear actuator including a movable unit configured to move linearly; and a fluorescence detecting module fixed to the movable unit, the fluorescence detecting module being configured to emit excitation light to the cartridges and detect fluorescence emitted from samples on the cartridges. The loaders are arranged in a row in a linearly moving direction of the movable unit.

Abstract: An optical pumping apparatus for few-mode fiber amplification is provided. The optical pumping apparatus includes an optical pump source configured to generate an optical pump; an optical power divider configured to divide an optical power of the optical pump from the optical pump source so as to output several optical pumps with uniformly distributed optical power; and a modal multiplexer configured to receive the optical pumps from the optical power divider through a plurality of single-mode fibers, multiplex the received optical pumps, apply a multiplexed optical pump to each mode of a few-mode fiber (FMF) amplifier, and adjust a gain difference among modes, wherein the FMF amplifier obtains a gain by amplifying an optical signal with the optical pump.

Abstract: An optical transmitting apparatus based on multicarrier differential phase shift keying. The optical transmitting may include a multicarrier generator to output two or more optical signals, each of which has a different wavelength; two or more optical modulators to receive the two or more optical signals, respectively, which have been output from the multicarrier generator, wherein each of the two or more optical modulators modulates phases of the two or more received optical signals by electrical signals that are applied in pairs.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes first and second substrates facing each other and separated from each other, a cell region between the first and second substrates, the cell region including a pixel region and a reservoir region, a first fluid and a second fluid in the cell region, the first fluid being conductive and flowing according to an electrowetting principle and the second fluid being non-conductive and not mixed with the first fluid, and an electrode unit turning on and off the pixel region, the electrode unit including a pixel electrode coated with an insulating material and at least one reservoir electrode coated with the insulating material to promote flow of one of the first fluid and the second fluid into the reservoir region.

Abstract: A microarray package device and a method of manufacturing the same. An effective microarray analyzing reaction is performed by using the microarray package device that provides structural stability and reliable experimental results.

Abstract: An optical transmitter including an optical modulator comprising a first modulator and a second modulator connected in parallel to each other in the form of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and a phase shifter connected to the second modulator in series, a high-speed generator configured to generate a single carrier signal or multi-carrier signals and apply the generated single carrier signal or multi-carrier signals to the optical modulator, and an output stabilizer configured to stabilize a final output optical signal of the optical modulator by controlling a bias of each of the first modulator, the second modulator and the phase shifter.

Abstract: A method of setting a number of iteration counts of iterative decoding, and an apparatus and method of iterative decoding. The iterative decoder including a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation unit that estimates an SNR of a received signal, an iterative decoding count setting unit that sets a minimum number of iteration counts for the received signal based on the estimated SNR, and a decoding unit that iteratively decodes the received signal using tentative decoding and error check, and selectively performs the error check based on the minimum number of iteration counts.

Abstract: A method of analyzing nucleic acid by compensating for crosstalk in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data and other data, wherein crosstalk signals associated with multiple fluorescent dyes are corrected by using fluorescent intensity variations detected from a concentration difference of the fluorescent dyes, and apparatus for performing the method.

Abstract: Disclosed is an inter-layer path provisioning method and system in a multilayer network that may set, in response to a path setting request of an operator, an upper layer path to be interlocked with an upper layer path computation unit, set, separately from the setting of the upper layer path, a lower layer path to be interlocked with a lower layer path computation unit, and perform a connection between the set upper layer path and the set lower layer path, so that inter-layer path setting may be readily performed in a multilayer transport network.

Abstract: Provided are methods and devices for formation and study of three-dimensional biological systems, including prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation.

Abstract: A fluid control apparatus including a detecting unit including a light source for irradiating light toward a microfluidic device, and a photodetector for detecting light reflected from the microfluidic device, a transporting unit for moving the detecting unit; and a determining unit for controlling a transporting operation by the transporting unit, where determining a state of a fluid at a particular position relative to the microfluidic device is based on light reflected from the microfluidic device, and method of using same.

Abstract: Disclosed is a network service system including a terminal selectively providing packets of an information centric networking (ICN) protocol and an Internet protocol, a smart digital unit (DU) identifying whether the packets provided from the terminal correspond to an ICN protocol packet or an Internet protocol packet to transfer the packets through different paths depending on a type of the identified packet, and an ICN node receiving the ICN protocol packet from the smart DU to provide contents.