Abstract: An antenna is described including a slot formed in a cavity, a substrate configured to cover a portion of the cavity and the slot, and a first port and a second port configured to supply power to the antenna using a first feeding line and a second feeding line. Each of the feeding line and the second feeding line is connected to the slot in a vertical direction and disposed to be separate from one another. A first input impedance of the antenna from the first port differs from a second input impedance of the antenna from the second port.

Abstract: Provided is a PLL circuit driven with a differential controlled voltage. The PLL circuit includes a VCO. The VCO outputs an oscillation signal in response to a difference between first and second control voltages. The PLL circuit includes a first loop for generating the first control voltage, and a second loop for generating the second control voltage having a phase opposite to the first control voltage. Intermediate generated signals of the first loop and intermediate generated signals of the second loop which respectively correspond to the intermediate generated signals of the first loop have opposed phases.

Abstract: The inventive concept discloses a new temperature sensor structure based on oscillator which is insensitive to a process change and improves an error rate of temperature output. The temperature sensor based on oscillator compares an oscillator circuit structure insensitive to a temperature change with an oscillator circuit structure having a frequency change in proportion to a temperature change to output a relative difference between the two oscillator circuit structures and thereby it is compensated itself. In the temperature sensor based on oscillator, a problem of performance reduction due to an external environment and a process deviation of temperature sensor is improved and an output distortion and temperature nonlinearity are effectively improved. Thus, since the temperature sensor based on oscillator has a structure of high performance, low power and low cost, it can be variously used in a detection equipment of temperature environment.

Abstract: Provided is a spread spectrum clock generating circuit. The spread spectrum clock generating circuit includes: a phase detector receiving a reference frequency signal from the external and detecting a phase difference between the reference frequency signal and a frequency-divided signal; a voltage controlled oscillator outputting an oscillation signal corresponding to a detection result of the phase detector; a main divider generating the frequency-divided signal by dividing a frequency of the oscillation signal by a main dividing ratio; and a dividing ratio controller generating a variable count value, generating a sub dividing ratio by performing delta-sigma modulation according to the count value, and adjusting the main dividing ratio according to the sub dividing ratio.

Abstract: Provided is a PLL circuit including automatic frequency control circuit and an operating method thereof. The voltage controlled oscillator is primarily controlled by an automatic frequency control circuit, and is secondarily controlled by a loop filter. The voltage controlled oscillator outputs a coarsely-tuned oscillation signal when primarily controlled, and outputs a finely-tuned oscillation signal when secondarily controlled. The PLL circuit can have a quick frequency fixing time, and output the oscillation signal having a broad and stable frequency. Moreover, the noise characteristic of the PLL circuit is enhanced.

Abstract: Provided is a transformer-based oscillator which is suited to oscillate frequencies in multiple bands. An oscillator includes a transformer resonance unit and a plurality of complementary transistors. The transformer resonance unit includes a primary coil and a secondary coil corresponding to the primary coil. The plurality of complementary transistors have gates and drains between which both ends of the transformer resonance unit are respectively connected. Thus, the oscillator may operate in a differential mode or common mode according to the phase of the transformer resonance unit. Also, a complementary transistor constituting a multiband oscillation loop may be independently connected to both ends of the transformer resonance unit, and an oscillation loop of at least one band may be selected out of a multiband oscillation loop using a switch unit. Thus, the oscillator may be suited to oscillate resonance frequencies in multiple bands.

Abstract: Provided is a PLL circuit driven with a differential controlled voltage. The PLL circuit includes a VCO. The VCO outputs an oscillation signal in response to a difference between first and second control voltages. The PLL circuit includes a first loop for generating the first control voltage, and a second loop for generating the second control voltage having a phase opposite to the first control voltage. Intermediate generated signals of the first loop and intermediate generated signals of the second loop which respectively correspond to the intermediate generated signals of the first loop have opposed phases.

Abstract: Provided is a spread spectrum clock generating circuit. The spread spectrum clock generating circuit includes: a phase detector receiving a reference frequency signal from the external and detecting a phase difference between the reference frequency signal and a frequency-divided signal; a voltage controlled oscillator outputting an oscillation signal corresponding to a detection result of the phase detector; a main divider generating the frequency-divided signal by dividing a frequency of the oscillation signal by a main dividing ratio; and a dividing ratio controller generating a variable count value, generating a sub dividing ratio by performing delta-sigma modulation according to the count value, and adjusting the main dividing ratio according to the sub dividing ratio.

Abstract: Provided is a PLL circuit including automatic frequency control circuit and an operating method thereof. The voltage controlled oscillator is primarily controlled by an automatic frequency control circuit, and is secondarily controlled by a loop filter. The voltage controlled oscillator outputs a coarsely-tuned oscillation signal when primarily controlled, and outputs a finely-tuned oscillation signal when secondarily controlled. The PLL circuit can have a quick frequency fixing time, and output the oscillation signal having a broad and stable frequency. Moreover, the noise characteristic of the PLL circuit is enhanced.

Abstract: An LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is provided. According to the LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), the amplitude of an oscillation signal is improved by increasing the impedance value of an amplifier circuit seen from an output node in an LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and phase noise is also improved.

Abstract: Provided is a transformer-based oscillator which is suited to oscillate frequencies in multiple bands. An oscillator includes a transformer resonance unit and a plurality of complementary transistors. The transformer resonance unit includes a primary coil and a secondary coil corresponding to the primary coil. The plurality of complementary transistors have gates and drains between which both ends of the transformer resonance unit are respectively connected. Thus, the oscillator may operate in a differential mode or common mode according to the phase of the transformer resonance unit. Also, a complementary transistor constituting a multiband oscillation loop may be independently connected to both ends of the transformer resonance unit, and an oscillation loop of at least one band may be selected out of a multiband oscillation loop using a switch unit. Thus, the oscillator may be suited to oscillate resonance frequencies in multiple bands.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a switch, a negative resistance cell, and a differential voltage controlled oscillator using the same. The present invention includes a first signal line provided in a first direction, a second signal line provided in parallel with the first signal line, and first to fourth gate electrodes, first to third source electrodes, and first to fourth drain electrodes formed between the first signal line and the second signal line, and provides a switch having electrodes in the order of the first gate electrode, the first drain electrode, the second gate electrode, the first source electrode, the third gate electrode, the second drain electrode, the fourth gate electrode, the second source electrode, the fifth gate electrode, the third drain electrode, the sixth gate electrode, the third source electrode, the seventh gate electrode, the fourth drain electrode, and the eighth gate electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a switch, a negative resistance cell, and a differential voltage controlled oscillator using the same. The present invention includes a first signal line provided in a first direction, a second signal line provided in parallel with the first signal line, and first to fourth gate electrodes, first to third source electrodes, and first to fourth drain electrodes formed between the first signal line and the second signal line, and provides a switch having electrodes in the order of the first gate electrode, the first drain electrode, the second gate electrode, the first source electrode, the third gate electrode, the second drain electrode, the fourth gate electrode, the second source electrode, the fifth gate electrode, the third drain electrode, the sixth gate electrode, the third source electrode, the seventh gate electrode, the fourth drain electrode, and the eighth gate electrode.

Abstract: A differential voltage controlled oscillator comprises first and second transistors having opposite magnitudes and directions of currents flowing to a third electrode from a second electrode corresponding to a voltage between first and second electrodes; and a resonance circuit coupled to the second electrodes of the first and second transistors and controlling a frequency of an oscillation signal corresponding to a control voltage. The second electrode of the first transistor is coupled to the first electrode of the second transistor to form a first output terminal, the first electrode of the first transistor is coupled to the second electrode of the second transistor to form a second output terminal, and the third electrodes of the first and second transistors are coupled to first and second powers.

Abstract: A quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator comprises a first delay cell outputting first and second phase signals having a different phase; and a second delay cell outputting third and fourth phase signals having a different phase, the third and fourth phase signals crossing the first and second phase signals, respectively. The first delay cell includes a first differential voltage-controlled oscillator connected to a power supply and outputting the first and second phase signals; and a first coupling section including first and second coupling transistors connected to the first differential voltage-controlled oscillator and first and second coupling capacitors connected in parallel to the first and second coupling transistors, respectively, so as to be grounded, the first coupling section coupling the output phase signals.